近日，筆者從安徽省植保總站了解到，棉花中后期，棉農要(yao)以棉盲蝽、棉鈴(ling)蟲、枯黃萎(wei)病為(wei)防(fang)治重點，兼治棉蚜、棉葉(xie)螨、斜紋夜蛾等。
植保部門田間調查顯示，當前棉田病蟲基數棉盲蝽、沿江棉區枯黃萎病、淮北部分棉區煙粉虱較常年偏高，其它病蟲基數與常年相近或偏少。棉花生長后期轉Bt基因棉對棉鈴(ling)蟲抗性有(you)(you)所下降，較有(you)(you)利于四、五代(dai)棉鈴(ling)蟲發生(sheng)(sheng)；當(dang)前，棉花正處于花鈴(ling)期，嫩蕾嫩鈴(ling)多，食料條(tiao)件對棉盲蝽、斜紋夜(ye)蛾發生(sheng)(sheng)有(you)(you)利。
專(zhuan)家預計，低齡幼蟲高峰在(zai)8月下(xia)旬至(zhi)9月上旬；四(si)代棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)盲(mang)蝽沿(yan)江棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)區(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)等發(fa)生(sheng)，淮北(bei)(bei)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)區(qu)偏(pian)(pian)輕發(fa)生(sheng)，低齡若(ruo)蟲高峰期在(zai)8月下(xia)旬；棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)葉螨、棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蚜偏(pian)(pian)輕發(fa)生(sheng)；煙粉虱淮北(bei)(bei)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)區(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)等發(fa)生(sheng)，其它(ta)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)區(qu)偏(pian)(pian)輕發(fa)生(sheng)；棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)花枯(ku)、黃萎病沿(yan)江棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)區(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)等發(fa)生(sheng)，發(fa)病高峰期在(zai)8月下(xia)旬至(zhi)9月上旬。
專家建議，棉(mian)(mian)農8月中旬后期(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)治四代(dai)棉(mian)(mian)鈴蟲、棉(mian)(mian)盲蝽，兼治棉(mian)(mian)蚜、棉(mian)(mian)葉(xie)螨、斜紋夜蛾；8月下旬后期(qi)~9月上旬主(zhu)(zhu)治棉(mian)(mian)鈴蟲（沿江棉(mian)(mian)區）、棉(mian)(mian)盲蝽、斜紋夜蛾和鈴期(qi)病害，兼治煙粉(fen)虱(shi)等其它(ta)害蟲。
具體(ti)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)案：當棉(mian)(mian)盲(mang)蝽百株蟲(chong)(chong)量5頭時(shi)(shi)(shi)，棉(mian)(mian)農(nong)可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)拉硫磷、氟(fu)啶(ding)蟲(chong)(chong)胺腈(jing)等進(jin)(jin)行(xing)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間以上(shang)午(wu)九點前為宜；棉(mian)(mian)葉螨(man)有(you)螨(man)株率低于15%時(shi)(shi)(shi)挑(tiao)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，超過15%時(shi)(shi)(shi)普(pu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，棉(mian)(mian)農(nong)可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)唑螨(man)酯、噠螨(man)靈(ling)、聯苯菊酯等進(jin)(jin)行(xing)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；當棉(mian)(mian)鈴蟲(chong)(chong)百株低齡幼蟲(chong)(chong)10頭，百株斜紋夜蛾初孵幼蟲(chong)(chong)2窩，甜菜夜蛾重發時(shi)(shi)(shi)，棉(mian)(mian)農(nong)可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)氟(fu)鈴脲、氟(fu)啶(ding)脲、甲(jia)維鹽等進(jin)(jin)行(xing)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要在(zai)下午(wu)4時(shi)(shi)(shi)后進(jin)(jin)行(xing)；防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)煙粉(fen)虱(shi)、棉(mian)(mian)蚜可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)噻(sai)蟲(chong)(chong)嗪、啶(ding)蟲(chong)(chong)脒等；防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)棉(mian)(mian)鈴病(bing)害可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)多菌(jun)靈(ling)、腐霉利、甲(jia)基硫菌(jun)靈(ling)等。
棉農(nong)需(xu)注意(yi)，針(zhen)對不同防(fang)(fang)治對象，選用高效、對路(lu)農(nong)藥(yao)，科學(xue)規范施用，提高防(fang)(fang)治效果。防(fang)(fang)治時要用足水量，同時要注意(yi)各(ge)種藥(yao)劑的交替輪(lun)換使(shi)用。 （喻寒松）
