隨著我國南北各地不斷擴種啤酒大麥,大麥品種抗病性發生了改變,且種子調換頻繁,往往忽視了對種傳(chuan)病(bing)害的(de)檢疫和(he)種子(zi)消毒措施(shi),如(ru)果再(zai)遇到播種季(ji)節(jie)多雨(yu)和(he)播種期(qi)推(tui)遲的(de)年(nian)份,就很(hen)容易發生(sheng)一種病(bing)害,叫做大(da)(da)麥條(tiao)(tiao)紋病(bing)。這種病(bing)害主(zhu)要為害葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)和(he)葉(xie)(xie)鞘。病(bing)害在幼苗(miao)期(qi)就能(neng)顯(xian)現,初生(sheng)淺黃色(se)斑(ban)(ban)點或(huo)(huo)短小的(de)條(tiao)(tiao)紋,至拔節(jie)抽穗(sui)期(qi)病(bing)害最(zui)重(zhong),典型的(de)癥狀是從葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)基部(bu)到葉(xie)(xie)尖形成(cheng)細長的(de)條(tiao)(tiao)斑(ban)(ban),和(he)葉(xie)(xie)脈(mo)平(ping)行,或(huo)(huo)連續(xu)或(huo)(huo)斷續(xu),病(bing)斑(ban)(ban)顏色(se)由黃色(se)變(bian)為褐色(se),再(zai)后枯(ku)死。病(bing)斑(ban)(ban)周圍也會(hui)褪綠變(bian)黃,使(shi)病(bing)田呈黃褐色(se),病(bing)株(zhu)提前枯(ku)死或(huo)(huo)矮小,不(bu)能(neng)抽穗(sui)或(huo)(huo)彎曲畸形,不(bu)能(neng)結實(shi)或(huo)(huo)不(bu)飽(bao)滿(man)。嚴(yan)重(zhong)影(ying)響啤酒大(da)(da)麥產(chan)量和(he)品質。濕度大(da)(da)時,病(bing)葉(xie)(xie)上長出黑色(se)霉層,可以散布出大(da)(da)量的(de)分生(sheng)孢子(zi),如(ru)果正(zheng)值大(da)(da)麥開(kai)花,就會(hui)侵染花器,使(shi)種子(zi)帶菌(jun)。
大(da)麥(mai)(mai)條紋病(bing)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)真菌(jun)病(bing)害(hai)。病(bing)菌(jun)就(jiu)潛伏(fu)在(zai)(zai)大(da)麥(mai)(mai)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子里,成(cheng)為(wei)第2年發病(bing)的(de)菌(jun)源。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)害(hai)還有一個特點(dian),就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)只(zhi)在(zai)(zai)大(da)麥(mai)(mai)出苗期侵染幼(you)苗,然后在(zai)(zai)體(ti)內不(bu)斷擴展(zhan),使(shi)得(de)以后長出的(de)葉(xie)片不(bu)斷發病(bing)。我們稱這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)現象為(wei)系(xi)統侵染。顯然,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子消毒是(shi)(shi)防(fang)治病(bing)害(hai)的(de)關鍵(jian)。可以采取多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)措(cuo)施,如(ru)(1)1%石灰水浸種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)48小時(shi),晾(liang)干播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);(2)10%二硫(liu)氰基甲烷(浸種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)靈)15毫(hao)升,加(jia)水1.5~2.0公斤(jin)配成(cheng)藥液后均(jun)勻噴灑在(zai)(zai)50公斤(jin)大(da)麥(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上,邊(bian)噴邊(bian)拌(ban),悶種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8小時(shi),晾(liang)干播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);(3)2%戊唑(zuo)醇(chun)(chun)(立克(ke)(ke)秀)拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)劑100克(ke)(ke)拌(ban)100公斤(jin)大(da)麥(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子;(4)使(shi)用(yong)其他(ta)藥劑,包(bao)括:3%敵萎丹(惡(e)醚唑(zuo))懸浮種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣劑330毫(hao)升、10%苯(ben)(ben)醚甲環唑(zuo)200克(ke)(ke)或25%聯苯(ben)(ben)三唑(zuo)醇(chun)(chun)150克(ke)(ke)拌(ban)大(da)麥(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)100公斤(jin),也有人使(shi)用(yong)金力(li)士(丙環唑(zuo))乳(ru)油、禾果利(烯唑(zuo)醇(chun)(chun))乳(ru)油、施保克(ke)(ke)(咪酰胺(an))、三唑(zuo)醇(chun)(chun)等(deng)拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)并取得(de)良好的(de)防(fang)病(bing)效果。
此外,種(zhong)植抗(kang)病品種(zhong),建立無病留種(zhong)田(tian)以(yi)及促進種(zhong)子快速出土、縮短感病時間的(de)做(zuo)法,如播種(zhong)前(qian)曬種(zhong)1~2天,冬前(qian)適期早播,春(chun)季適期晚播以(yi)及精細整(zheng)地,適當淺播等都能減輕病害(hai)。













