利用大(da)棚栽培香沙芋,可比露地(di)栽培提(ti)早上市(shi)40天左右,市(shi)場售價每公斤高2~3元,增產增收顯著。同時,在香沙芋行(xing)間間作馬(ma)鈴薯,能(neng)充分利用資(zi)源,進一步提(ti)高種植效益。目前該(gai)模式已在啟東市(shi)合(he)作鎮等地(di)推廣(guang)應用,現將主(zhu)要栽培技(ji)術介(jie)紹如下。
香沙(sha)(sha)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu) 1月上(shang)中(zhong)旬在大(da)棚(peng)內整地施(shi)(shi)肥(fei),每(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)腐(fu)熟(shu)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)1000公斤(jin)、復合(he)肥(fei)20公斤(jin)。整地后(hou)做壟(long)(long)(long),壟(long)(long)(long)距(ju)70~80厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),溝寬(kuan)40~50厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、深(shen)25~30厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。選擇(ze)無病、無傷口(kou)、頂(ding)芽充實、單個重30克左右的子芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)做芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)。將壟(long)(long)(long)溝內土(tu)(tu)壤翻松整細(xi),種(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頂(ding)芽朝(chao)上(shang)擺入(ru),株(zhu)距(ju)35厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),每(mei)畝(mu)栽3000株(zhu)左右,栽后(hou)澆(jiao)水,覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)2~3厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)厚(hou),加蓋地膜。出苗(miao)前(qian)不揭(jie)膜通風;出苗(miao)后(hou)保持棚(peng)溫白(bai)天在28~30℃、夜間(jian)(jian)在15~18℃;發棵后(hou)保持棚(peng)溫白(bai)天在25~28℃、夜間(jian)(jian)在15℃以上(shang)。香沙(sha)(sha)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)整個生長期(qi)施(shi)(shi)3~4次追肥(fei),一(yi)般在苗(miao)有(you)(you)2~3張真(zhen)葉時每(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)稀糞(fen)(fen)水500公斤(jin)作(zuo)提苗(miao)肥(fei);在苗(miao)有(you)(you)5張真(zhen)葉、進(jin)(jin)入(ru)發棵期(qi)時每(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)腐(fu)熟(shu)人畜糞(fen)(fen)1000公斤(jin)、腐(fu)熟(shu)餅肥(fei)100公斤(jin)作(zuo)發棵肥(fei),施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)后(hou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)第(di)一(yi)次小(xiao)培土(tu)(tu);在苗(miao)有(you)(you)7~8張真(zhen)葉、地下球莖(jing)開始膨(peng)大(da)時重施(shi)(shi)膨(peng)大(da)肥(fei),每(mei)畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)復合(he)肥(fei)50公斤(jin)、碳酸氫銨30公斤(jin)和適量草木灰拌(ban)勻,施(shi)(shi)在兩(liang)棵芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian),施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)后(hou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)第(di)二次培土(tu)(tu),使壟(long)(long)(long)溝與地面齊平。香沙(sha)(sha)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)發棵及球莖(jing)膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)加強水分管(guan)理(li),保持田間(jian)(jian)濕(shi)潤。大(da)暑前(qian)后(hou)第(di)三次培土(tu)(tu),培土(tu)(tu)高度15~20厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),使原壟(long)(long)(long)背形成(cheng)10~15厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)深(shen)的壟(long)(long)(long)溝,并覆(fu)蓋秸稈保墑。在芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)艿生長中(zhong)期(qi),噴施(shi)(shi)塊根塊莖(jing)膨(peng)大(da)素(su)2~3次。香沙(sha)(sha)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)病害主要(yao)有(you)(you)疫病和腐(fu)敗病,可(ke)在發病初期(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)65%代森鋅可(ke)濕(shi)性粉(fen)劑(ji)500~600倍(bei)液,或75%百(bai)菌清可(ke)濕(shi)性粉(fen)劑(ji)600倍(bei)液噴霧防治(zhi);害蟲(chong)主要(yao)有(you)(you)紅蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)、斜紋夜蛾、豆天蛾、蠐螬等,可(ke)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)合(he)適的殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)防治(zhi)。
馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu) 選用克(ke)新4號等品種(zhong)(zhong),1月(yue)下(xia)旬香沙芋(yu)播種(zhong)(zhong)后,在(zai)壟背上(shang)開播種(zhong)(zhong)溝,溝深10厘米(mi)(mi)。馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)需肥(fei)量大,尤喜磷鉀(jia)肥(fei),因此要施(shi)(shi)足基肥(fei),每(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)腐熟有機肥(fei)1000公(gong)斤(jin)。將(jiang)(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)切成塊(kuai),每(mei)塊(kuai)25克(ke)左右,以帶1~2個芽為(wei)宜。按株距20厘米(mi)(mi)將(jiang)(jiang)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)塊(kuai)排(pai)于(yu)播種(zhong)(zhong)溝內,每(mei)畝穴施(shi)(shi)45%高濃度復合肥(fei)25公(gong)斤(jin)作(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei),注(zhu)(zhu)意肥(fei)、種(zhong)(zhong)隔(ge)開,蓋土(tu)后覆(fu)蓋地膜。出苗后及(ji)(ji)時(shi)破膜放苗,早施(shi)(shi)苗肥(fei),每(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)尿素(su)(su)7.5公(gong)斤(jin)。結薯(shu)(shu)(shu)初期每(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)尿素(su)(su)10公(gong)斤(jin)作(zuo)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)塊(kuai)膨大肥(fei),結薯(shu)(shu)(shu)期保(bao)持(chi)土(tu)壤濕潤。馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)病害主(zhu)(zhu)要有晚疫病和(he)病毒病,害蟲主(zhu)(zhu)要有瓢蟲等,注(zhu)(zhu)意及(ji)(ji)時(shi)防治(zhi)。薯(shu)(shu)(shu)塊(kuai)成熟后及(ji)(ji)時(shi)收(shou)獲,確保(bao)香沙芋(yu)田(tian)(tian)間通風透光(guang),馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)地上(shang)部莖葉可留在(zai)田(tian)(tian)間作(zuo)綠肥(fei)。













