馬鈴薯(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般采用(yong)(yong)小整薯(shu)留(liu)種(zhong)(zhong),其優點(dian)有二:一(yi)(yi)(yi)是方(fang)法簡(jian)單(dan),不必(bi)切(qie)塊;二是不必(bi)擔心(xin)因刀口切(qie)塊導致(zhi)病毒病相互感染傳播。其缺點(dian)也有兩個(ge):一(yi)(yi)(yi)是長(chang)期用(yong)(yong)小馬鈴薯(shu)做種(zhong)(zhong),必(bi)然導致(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)性素質整體下降(jiang),進而導致(zhi)產量逐步下降(jiang);二是選太(tai)小的馬鈴薯(shu)做種(zhong)(zhong)產量不高,但選大一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)的做種(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)量又太(tai)大,一(yi)(yi)(yi)般667平方(fang)米(mi)(1畝)用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)量需150公斤(jin)左(zuo)右。針對這個(ge)問題,筆者(zhe)指導高山農戶采取大薯(shu)“抱蛋”留(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)栽培,效果(guo)良好。其具體方(fang)法是:

　　高山(shan)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)夏季收獲(huo)后(hou)(hou),精心(xin)挑選薯(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)好、無蟲傷、無破(po)損的(de)(de)大(da)(da)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)先攤晾一段時(shi)間,然后(hou)(hou)選通風(feng)陰涼處建床“抱(bao)蛋”。床寬1.5米,長度(du)根據馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數量確(que)定。先在床底鋪(pu)一層(ceng)(ceng)濕(shi)(shi)潤的(de)(de)河沙或細土(tu)(濕(shi)(shi)度(du)以(yi)手握成團、齊(qi)胸落地即(ji)散為(wei)度(du)),厚度(du)10厘(li)米左右(you),再排(pai)一層(ceng)(ceng)精選的(de)(de)大(da)(da)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),薯(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間距離10厘(li)米左右(you),然后(hou)(hou)用濕(shi)(shi)潤的(de)(de)河沙或細土(tu)將薯(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間的(de)(de)空隙(xi)填滿,再在上(shang)(shang)面鋪(pu)一層(ceng)(ceng)河沙或細土(tu),厚度(du)仍為(wei)10厘(li)米,再排(pai)一層(ceng)(ceng)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),如(ru)此(ci)交(jiao)替鋪(pu)(排(pai))放(fang),共排(pai)2～3層(ceng)(ceng)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),最后(hou)(hou)上(shang)(shang)面用河沙或細土(tu)蓋(gai)嚴,頂(ding)部蓋(gai)草保(bao)(bao)濕(shi)(shi)。薯(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)好后(hou)(hou),在床四周(zhou)挖排(pai)水溝防漬水,同時(shi)注(zhu)意(yi)防止鼠害(hai)。以(yi)后(hou)(hou)發現上(shang)(shang)面的(de)(de)蓋(gai)土(tu)過干時(shi)即(ji)適量澆水,保(bao)(bao)持濕(shi)(shi)潤。經過40～50天,大(da)(da)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)即(ji)可(ke)萌芽并長出許多小(xiao)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(實際上(shang)(shang)是以(yi)大(da)(da)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)母體,在黑(hei)暗條件下(xia)長出的(de)(de)子薯(shu)(shu)(shu)),此(ci)小(xiao)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)即(ji)可(ke)做種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

　　馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)“抱蛋(dan)”留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與傳統的(de)(de)小整(zheng)薯(shu)留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)相比有四(si)大(da)(da)突出優點(dian):一是(shi)選擇(ze)最優秀的(de)(de)大(da)(da)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)做(zuo)(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),可(ke)使馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)遺(yi)傳素質不斷(duan)提高(gao),進而為(wei)高(gao)產奠(dian)定良好(hao)基礎;二是(shi)小馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)實際上是(shi)由大(da)(da)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)萌發的(de)(de)莖尖(jian)膨大(da)(da)形成(cheng),用(yong)它做(zuo)(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)起到一定的(de)(de)“脫(tuo)毒”作用(yong),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植后馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)病毒病發生相對較輕(qing);三(san)是(shi)新薯(shu)活力旺盛,用(yong)它做(zuo)(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出苗整(zheng)齊,長勢(shi)旺、產量高(gao);四(si)是(shi)每個大(da)(da)薯(shu)可(ke)“抱”出多個小薯(shu),每667平方(fang)米僅需要50公斤種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)即可(ke),可(ke)節省用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)60%左右,而且“抱蛋(dan)”后的(de)(de)大(da)(da)薯(shu)還可(ke)做(zuo)(zuo)飼料使用(yong)。（來(lai)源：《農村百事通》）