1 產地(di)環境

  ;  選擇地勢平坦、排灌方便、土層(ceng)深厚、土質(zhi)疏松、保水(shui)、保肥性好(hao)的(de)沙質(zhi)土壤為(wei)宜。避免與十字花科(ke)蔬菜連作。

    2 品(pin)種選擇

    選(xuan)用抗(kang)病、優質豐(feng)產、抗(kang)逆性(xing)強、適應性(xing)廣、商品(pin)性(xing)好的品(pin)種。大(da)(da)根型(xing)品(pin)種宜(yi)選(xuan)擇日(ri)本大(da)(da)根、白(bai)(bai)將軍、浙大(da)(da)長等(deng)；中根型(xing)品(pin)種宜(yi)選(xuan)擇白(bai)(bai)玉春、太湖蘿(luo)卜(bu)、南京穿心紅(hong)等(deng)；小(xiao)(xiao)根型(xing)品(pin)種宜(yi)選(xuan)擇蕭山(shan)一(yi)點(dian)紅(hong)、一(yi)刀(dao)種、杭(hang)州小(xiao)(xiao)鉤(gou)白(bai)(bai)、上(shang)虞湖田蘿(luo)卜(bu)、蘭溪(xi)小(xiao)(xiao)蘿(luo)卜(bu)等(deng)。

    3 栽培(pei)季(ji)節

 ;   3.1 春蘿卜(bu) 10月間播(bo)種，次年(nian)2～3月收獲，耐寒性強，不易空心，抽(chou)薹遲(chi)。

    3.2 夏(xia)秋(qiu)蘿卜 6～7月播種，秋(qiu)季(ji)8～10月間(jian)(jian)收獲，由于這類蘿卜生(sheng)長期間(jian)(jian)正值(zhi)高溫(wen)、干旱、臺風(feng)暴雨、病蟲危害(hai)嚴重的(de)季(ji)節，必須加強田間(jian)(jian)管(guan)理。

    3.3 四(si)季蘿(luo)卜(bu) 生長(chang)期短，植(zhi)株(zhu)小(xiao)，適應性(xing)強，宜四(si)季栽(zai)培。

    4 栽培技術

    4.1 整地、做畦、施(shi)基肥 深翻耕地，施(shi)足基肥，打(da)碎耙平。翻耕深度根(gen)據品(pin)種(zhong)而定。大根(gen)型品(pin)種(zhong)畦高(gao)20～30cm；中根(gen)型品(pin)種(zhong)，畦高(gao)15～20cm；小根(gen)型品(pin)種(zhong)畦高(gao)10～15cm。畦寬連溝(gou)均為140cm～150cm。結合深翻整地施(shi)入(ru)基肥，每畝(mu)施(shi)有機肥1500～2000kg、優質三元復合肥30～50kg、硼(peng)肥2kg。

    4.2 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 大根(gen)型(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量為(wei)400～500g；中(zhong)(zhong)根(gen)型(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量為(wei)750～850g；小(xiao)(xiao)根(gen)型(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量為(wei)1000g～1200g。大根(gen)型(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每畦種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)4行或穴(xue)播(bo)(bo)(bo)；中(zhong)(zhong)根(gen)型(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每畦種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)5行或穴(xue)播(bo)(bo)(bo)；小(xiao)(xiao)根(gen)型(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)條播(bo)(bo)(bo)或撒(sa)播(bo)(bo)(bo)方(fang)式。播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時有先澆水播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后蓋土(tu)和(he)先播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蓋土(tu)后再澆水兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)式。撒(sa)播(bo)(bo)(bo)多采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)前(qian)者(zhe)，適合寒冷季(ji)節；高畦條播(bo)(bo)(bo)或穴(xue)播(bo)(bo)(bo)多采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)后者(zhe)，適合高溫季(ji)節。大根(gen)型(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)株(zhu)距40～45cm；中(zhong)(zhong)根(gen)型(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)株(zhu)距20～25cm；小(xiao)(xiao)根(gen)型(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可保(bao)持株(zhu)距10～15cm。

    5 田間(jian)管(guan)理

    5.1 間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)定(ding)苗(miao)(miao) 早間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)、晚定(ding)苗(miao)(miao)。第一(yi)次間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)在(zai)子葉充分(fen)展(zhan)開時進行(xing)，當(dang)蘿卜具2～3片(pian)真葉時，開始第二(er)次間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)；在(zai)5～6片(pian)真葉、肉質根破肚時，按(an)規定(ding)的株(zhu)距進行(xing)定(ding)苗(miao)(miao)。

    5.2 中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)除(chu)草與培(pei)土(tu) 結合間苗(miao)進行中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)除(chu)草。中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)要先淺后(hou)深，避免傷根。第(di)一(yi)、二次間苗(miao)宜(yi)淺，鋤松表土(tu)，最后(hou)一(yi)次宜(yi)深，并(bing)把(ba)畦(qi)溝(gou)的土(tu)壤培(pei)于畦(qi)面行間，防(fang)止倒(dao)苗(miao)。

    5.3 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)管理 播種時要澆(jiao)足底水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，土壤(rang)有(you)效含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)宜(yi)在(zai)(zai)80%以(yi)上，夏秋蘿卜采取“三水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)齊苗(miao)”，即在(zai)(zai)播后、出苗(miao)和齊苗(miao)時各澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)1次。苗(miao)期(qi)根(gen)淺，需(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)小。土壤(rang)有(you)效含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)宜(yi)在(zai)(zai)60%以(yi)上。掌握“少澆(jiao)勤澆(jiao)”的原則。葉生長盛期(qi)葉數(shu)不(bu)斷增(zeng)加，葉面積逐漸增(zeng)大，肉(rou)質根(gen)也(ye)開始膨大，需(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)較(jiao)大，但應(ying)適量(liang)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，以(yi)防止(zhi)爛(lan)根(gen)。肉(rou)質根(gen)膨大盛期(qi)需(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)最大，應(ying)充分(fen)均勻澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，土壤(rang)有(you)效含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)宜(yi)在(zai)(zai)70%～80%以(yi)上。遇連續陰雨天氣，應(ying)及時開溝(gou)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。

    5.4 施(shi)肥(fei)(fei) 結合(he)深翻整地，施(shi)入(ru)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)，基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)量應占總肥(fei)(fei)量的70%以上。根(gen)據土壤肥(fei)(fei)力和生長狀況確定追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)時(shi)間，一般在苗(miao)期、葉生長盛(sheng)期和肉(rou)質根(gen)膨大期分3次進(jin)行。苗(miao)期每畝(mu)施(shi)入(ru)氮(dan)(dan)磷(lin)鉀復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)8～10kg　；葉生長盛(sheng)期以追(zhui)施(shi)氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)，每畝(mu)施(shi)入(ru)氮(dan)(dan)磷(lin)鉀復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)15kg；肉(rou)質根(gen)生長膨大期應多施(shi)磷(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)，每畝(mu)施(shi)入(ru)氮(dan)(dan)磷(lin)鉀復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)　30kg。收獲(huo)前20天(tian)內不(bu)再使用速效氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)。

    6 病(bing)蟲害防治

    蘿卜的主要病(bing)(bing)害(hai)有病(bing)(bing)毒(du)病(bing)(bing)和黑(hei)腐病(bing)(bing)等。主要蟲(chong)害(hai)有菜螟(ming)、菜青(qing)蟲(chong)、小菜蛾、蚜(ya)蟲(chong)、黃曲條跳甲、小地老(lao)虎等。

    6.1 農業防治 選用抗（耐）病優良品種；合理布局，實行輪作，提倡與玉米、高(gao)粱等高(gao)稈作(zuo)物套種(zhong)，清潔田園(yuan)，加強中(zhong)耕除草，降低病(bing)蟲(chong)源數量；培育無病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)壯苗。

    6.2 物理、生物和(he)人工(gong)防(fang)治 利用(yong)性信息素、殺蟲(chong)(chong)燈引誘捕殺；人工(gong)采卵(luan)或(huo)捕捉幼蟲(chong)(chong)；及(ji)時鏟除雜草(cao)。

    6.3 藥劑防治 禁止使用高毒、劇毒、高殘留的農藥及其混配農藥品種。病毒病可以通過治蚜為主防治病毒病。黑腐病可以將種子放在55℃溫水中浸泡，并不斷(duan)攪拌10～15分鐘(zhong)進行預防(fang)；發(fa)病時可噴灑72%農(nong)用(yong)(yong)硫(liu)酸鏈霉素可濕性粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)4000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)防(fang)治，連續噴藥2～3次。菜(cai)(cai)(cai)螟(ming)可以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong) 5%銳勁特懸浮劑(ji)(ji)1500倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)防(fang)治。菜(cai)(cai)(cai)青蟲、小菜(cai)(cai)(cai)蛾可以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)5%抑太保乳(ru)油(you)800～1000倍(bei)或(huo)25%菜(cai)(cai)(cai)喜懸浮劑(ji)(ji)2000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)防(fang)治。蚜(ya)蟲可以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)10%蚜(ya)虱(shi)凈3000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)防(fang)治。黃曲(qu)條跳(tiao)甲成蟲可用(yong)(yong)90%敵(di)(di)百蟲1000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)防(fang)治，幼(you)蟲可以(yi)(yi)在灌(guan)水后再用(yong)(yong)藥液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)灌(guan)澆(jiao)。小地老虎(hu)可以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)20%殺(sha)(sha)滅(mie)菊酯(zhi)乳(ru)劑(ji)(ji)8000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴灑，也(ye)可以(yi)(yi)堆草進行誘殺(sha)(sha)，將菜(cai)(cai)(cai)葉打碎，噴上(shang)90%晶體敵(di)(di)百蟲400～500倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，傍晚(wan)散放在根旁，殺(sha)(sha)蟲效果也(ye)很好(hao)。應嚴格執行農(nong)藥使用(yong)(yong)的(de)安全間(jian)隔期。