為做(zuo)好冬小麥抗濕晚播應對(dui)，全力培育冬前壯(zhuang)苗(miao)，夯實(shi)明(ming)年豐(feng)收(shou)基(ji)礎，特提出如下指導(dao)意見。

      一、全力開展“三搶”，確保應播盡播

      各地要積極采取措施，開展搶收騰茬、搶排散墑、搶時播種工作。一是搶收騰茬。對墑情適宜的地塊，加強組織調度，充分發揮農機社會化服務的作用，搶抓晴好天氣，調集適宜機械，加快進度，搶時收獲。對機械無法進田的地塊，組織動員人工收獲，確保應收盡收，早收快收。二是搶排散墑。動員各方力量，全力抓好積水過濕地塊排水散墑。對田間積水嚴重的地塊，抓緊組織機械抽水。對一般積水地塊，盡快疏通溝渠排水，開挖深溝瀝水。對土壤濕度過大地塊，適時深松散墑，瀝出耕層滯水，為農機盡快進地創造條件。三是搶時播種。堅持播期服從墑情，當土壤相對含水量達70%～80%時播種，切實做到適墑播種；堅持播量服從播期，根據播期確定基本苗，做到早播少播、晚播多播，著力構建合理群體；堅持播種進度服從播種質量，努力做到精細整地和精量播種，確保苗齊苗勻苗壯。對墑情適宜地塊，強化精細整地，加快小麥播種進度。

      二、堅持“四補一促”，做好晚播應對

      要充分研判連陰(yin)雨對小麥播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)工(gong)作(zuo)造成的(de)影響，多(duo)措并舉(ju)，做好(hao)晚(wan)播(bo)(bo)應對工(gong)作(zuo)。重點要堅持“四(si)補一(yi)促(cu)”的(de)晚(wan)播(bo)(bo)小麥應變技術，即選用早熟品種(zhong)，以(yi)種(zhong)補晚(wan)；提高整地質量，以(yi)好(hao)補晚(wan)；適(shi)當增加(jia)播(bo)(bo)量，以(yi)密補晚(wan)；科學增施肥(fei)(fei)料，以(yi)肥(fei)(fei)補晚(wan)；加(jia)強(qiang)田間(jian)管(guan)理(li)，以(yi)促(cu)為主。 

      （一）選擇早熟抗逆品種。應對晚播，小麥品種選用原則上應以早熟、抗逆品種為主導，力戒盲目引種，盲目用種。要嚴把小麥種子質量關，避免不合格種(zhong)子流入我省，確(que)保種(zhong)子無淋雨、無破(po)損、籽粒(li)飽滿均勻，純度≥99.0%、凈(jing)度≥99.0%、發芽率≥85.0%。要嚴禁跨區(qu)種(zhong)植(zhi)，防止晚播弱苗造成凍害損失。南部麥(mai)區(qu)應(ying)選擇(ze)(ze)早(zao)熟、春季發育平衡、抗寒、抗倒的(de)高(gao)產優質的(de)冬(dong)性(xing)、半(ban)冬(dong)性(xing)品種(zhong)；中(zhong)部麥(mai)區(qu)應(ying)選擇(ze)(ze)早(zao)熟、抗凍能力和(he)抗倒伏能力強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)高(gao)產優質的(de)冬(dong)性(xing)、強(qiang)(qiang)冬(dong)性(xing)品種(zhong)；旱(han)作麥(mai)區(qu)應(ying)選擇(ze)(ze)節水性(xing)好(hao)、耐旱(han)性(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)、抗逆(ni)穩產性(xing)好(hao)的(de)品種(zhong)，杜絕(jue)旱(han)地種(zhong)植(zhi)水地品種(zhong)，以防遇旱(han)造成較大損失。

      （二）切實提高(gao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)量。晚播(bo)(bo)小麥要(yao)特別重視整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)量，盡量做到(dao)精細(xi)(xi)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)。搶時播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)要(yao)減少(shao)機械進地(di)(di)次數(shu)，按整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)、施肥、播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)一(yi)次完(wan)成的(de)原則進行(xing)，采用深旋的(de)方(fang)式，旋耕深度(du)達(da)到(dao)15厘米以上。對秸稈還田地(di)(di)塊(kuai)，要(yao)做到(dao)“切碎(sui)(sui)、撒(sa)勻(yun)、深埋、壓實”，過濕地(di)(di)塊(kuai)宜人工(gong)移除(chu)秸稈，以利散墑。播(bo)(bo)前整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)標準(zhun)要(yao)達(da)到(dao)土壤(rang)(rang)“深、細(xi)(xi)、平(ping)、松、凈、實”，即耕層(ceng)深、耕層(ceng)土壤(rang)(rang)細(xi)(xi)碎(sui)(sui)無(wu)明暗坷垃、土地(di)(di)平(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、土粒松碎(sui)(sui)、田間清潔無(wu)雜草、上虛下實。

      （三(san)）適(shi)當加大(da)(da)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)。在出現晚(wan)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的情況(kuang)下，要適(shi)當加大(da)(da)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)，以(yi)密補(bu)晚(wan)，確(que)保小麥群體數(shu)量(liang)。在適(shi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)期內，水(shui)地(di)畝(mu)(mu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)12.5～15公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，旱(han)地(di)小麥畝(mu)(mu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)7.5～10公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)；整地(di)質量(liang)差(cha)或表(biao)墑差(cha)的地(di)塊(kuai)，畝(mu)(mu)增(zeng)加播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)1～2.5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)；晚(wan)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)（中部麥區10月(yue)20日(ri)(ri)、南(nan)部麥區10月(yue)25日(ri)(ri)之后）在正(zheng)常播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)基(ji)礎上每晚(wan)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)1天，增(zeng)加播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)0.25～0.5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)，上限(xian)水(shui)地(di)不超(chao)過22.5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)／畝(mu)(mu)、旱(han)地(di)不超(chao)過15公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)／畝(mu)(mu)。同(tong)時(shi)，播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種時(shi)要行(xing)距均勻，播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)準確(que)，防(fang)(fang)止過深播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種，播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)深掌握在3～4厘米，不重(zhong)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，不漏(lou)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。散(san)墑較好的地(di)塊(kuai)可以(yi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)后鎮壓耙實(shi)，防(fang)(fang)止土(tu)壤懸虛(xu)，促進種子與土(tu)壤緊(jin)密接觸，快速吸(xi)水(shui)出苗(miao)；土(tu)壤含水(shui)量(liang)較高(gao)的地(di)塊(kuai)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種時(shi)可卸下鎮壓輪，不采取鎮壓措施，以(yi)防(fang)(fang)土(tu)壤板結，影響出苗(miao)。

      （四）增施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)底(di)肥(fei)和追肥(fei)。持續降雨易(yi)導致(zhi)土壤養分流(liu)失(shi)，播種時應施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)足底(di)肥(fei)、增施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磷、鉀肥(fei)，打好(hao)晚播小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)高產穩產基(ji)礎，田管(guan)期(qi)(qi)間要(yao)增加追肥(fei)，以(yi)(yi)促為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，一(yi)促到底(di)。根據我省小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)主(zhu)產區麥(mai)田肥(fei)力水(shui)平(ping)，畝(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)優質(zhi)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)1000～1500公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)或精制有(you)(you)機肥(fei)150～200公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)的基(ji)礎上，旱地麥(mai)田一(yi)次施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)足底(di)肥(fei)，畝(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量為(wei)(wei)純氮(dan)10～11公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、五(wu)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)二磷6～7公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)；水(shui)地畝(mu)(mu)(mu)產600公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)以(yi)(yi)上麥(mai)田，每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)底(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)純氮(dan)16～17公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、五(wu)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)二磷7～8公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鉀3～4公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，其(qi)中氮(dan)肥(fei)底(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)以(yi)(yi)6：4為(wei)(wei)宜；畝(mu)(mu)(mu)產500～600公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)麥(mai)田，每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)底(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)純氮(dan)14～16公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、五(wu)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)二磷6～7公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鉀3公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，其(qi)中氮(dan)肥(fei)底(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)以(yi)(yi)7：3為(wei)(wei)宜；畝(mu)(mu)(mu)產500公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)以(yi)(yi)下麥(mai)田，每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)底(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)純氮(dan)12～14公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、五(wu)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)二磷5～6公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鉀3公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，其(qi)中氮(dan)肥(fei)底(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)以(yi)(yi)7：3或8：2為(wei)(wei)宜；優質(zhi)強筋小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)要(yao)推廣氮(dan)肥(fei)后(hou)移(yi)技術，氮(dan)肥(fei)底(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、拔節期(qi)(qi)追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與孕穗(sui)期(qi)(qi)追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)以(yi)(yi)6:2:2為(wei)(wei)宜。

      三、把好防控關口，減少病蟲草害發生

      土(tu)壤過濕增(zeng)加了小麥莖基腐病、根腐病、全蝕病、紋枯病和(he)紅蜘蛛(zhu)、地下害蟲及雜草等麥田病蟲草害的(de)發(fa)生幾率。要做(zuo)到防控關口前(qian)(qian)移，積極做(zuo)好種(zhong)(zhong)子包衣(yi)、播(bo)前(qian)(qian)拌種(zhong)(zhong)或土(tu)壤處理，杜絕“白(bai)籽”下種(zhong)(zhong)。

      選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)合(he)格的包衣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，若自行(xing)(xing)拌(ban)(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，可(ke)在播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)1～3天內用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)拌(ban)(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)劑(ji)拌(ban)(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。推薦使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)復合(he)型種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣劑(ji)，按照(zhao)產品說明(ming)嚴格控(kong)制藥劑(ji)量，確保(bao)拌(ban)(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均勻(yun)。拌(ban)(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)適當陰干，避免陽光直射(she)，防(fang)(fang)止種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)表面藥劑(ji)失效(xiao)。對(dui)于地(di)下病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)較重的地(di)塊，在播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)先進行(xing)(xing)土壤(rang)處理。病(bing)(bing)害(hai)重發(fa)地(di)塊，每(mei)畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)五氯(lv)(lv)硝基苯或福美(mei)雙(shuang)可(ke)濕性(xing)粉劑(ji)與細(xi)土混(hun)合(he)均勻(yun)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)撒施，然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)旋(xuan)耕(geng)(geng)入土；地(di)下害(hai)蟲重發(fa)地(di)塊，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)辛硫磷(lin)乳油或3%辛硫磷(lin)顆粒劑(ji)拌(ban)(ban)細(xi)砂土20公斤，均勻(yun)撒于地(di)表，再進行(xing)(xing)旋(xuan)耕(geng)(geng)，使藥劑(ji)與土壤(rang)充分混(hun)合(he)，有效(xiao)殺滅地(di)下害(hai)蟲和病(bing)(bing)原菌(jun)。小麥紋(wen)枯病(bing)(bing)、莖基腐病(bing)(bing)等(deng)土傳病(bing)(bing)害(hai)，在病(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率達(da)5%～10%時，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)丙環唑(zuo)、吡(bi)唑(zuo)醚菌(jun)酯、苯醚甲(jia)(jia)環唑(zuo)、噻呋酰胺等(deng)藥劑(ji)噴霧防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。要堅持春草(cao)秋治(zhi)，冬前(qian)小麥苗后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)3～6葉期，闊葉、禾(he)本科雜草(cao)2～5葉期，氣(qi)溫(wen)6～10℃，無風晴天，開展化(hua)學(xue)除草(cao)。闊葉類雜草(cao)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二甲(jia)(jia)四氯(lv)(lv)鈉、氯(lv)(lv)氟吡(bi)氧乙(yi)酸、雙(shuang)唑(zuo)草(cao)酮、雙(shuang)氟磺草(cao)胺；禾(he)本科雜草(cao)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)甲(jia)(jia)基二磺隆（加專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安全劑(ji)）、唑(zuo)啉(lin)草(cao)酯、精噁唑(zuo)禾(he)草(cao)靈、啶磺草(cao)胺等(deng)藥劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。