《 農民日(ri)報 》（ 2016年05月25日(ri)   07 版）

    西(xi)南地(di)區馬鈴薯種植(zhi)一(yi)直沿(yan)用傳統(tong)的(de)塘播稀植(zhi)方式種植(zhi)，生產(chan)(chan)上普遍存在著種植(zhi)密度稀、耕作層淺、偏施氮(dan)肥、不(bu)防(fang)治病蟲害(hai)、管理粗放(fang)、產(chan)(chan)量低而不(bu)穩(wen)等問題(ti)。

    通過多(duo)年(nian)的試驗(yan)示范和不斷改進完(wan)善，總結出馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)平(ping)播后(hou)起(qi)壟(long)綜合配(pei)套栽培(pei)技術(shu)。其要點是在采用(yong)優(you)良品種(zhong)的前(qian)提(ti)下(xia)，把深(shen)耕整(zheng)地、脫毒(du)良種(zhong)小(xiao)整(zheng)薯(shu)播種(zhong)、單(dan)壟(long)單(dan)行密(mi)植(zhi)平(ping)播、后(hou)期高壟(long)培(pei)土(tu)、測土(tu)配(pei)方施肥、防治晚(wan)疫病、小(xiao)型農機應用(yong)等技術(shu)組(zu)裝(zhuang)集(ji)成起(qi)來綜合應用(yong)。改變了傳統粗放的種(zhong)植(zhi)方式，使單(dan)產得到了大(da)幅度(du)提(ti)高。

    技(ji)術要(yao)點：1.選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)脫毒良種(zhong)(zhong)。宣薯2號、涼薯14、川芋117、會-2等(deng)。2.平作(zuo)起壟(long)(long)。平作(zuo)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)，地(di)(di)膜覆蓋，出苗后(hou)(hou)揭膜培土(tu)起壟(long)(long)。壟(long)(long)寬0.8米(mi)，壟(long)(long)高0.2米(mi)，溝寬0.4米(mi)。3.種(zhong)(zhong)薯處理。在播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)前20天，催大芽至0.5-1厘米(mi)，切(qie)塊后(hou)(hou)消毒，采取(qu)干拌(ban)消毒，2.5千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)70％甲基(ji)托(tuo)布津可濕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉劑(ji)加(jia)2.5千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)58%甲霜靈錳鋅(xin)可濕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉劑(ji)和(he)0.2千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)72%的(de)農(nong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鏈(lian)霉(mei)素均(jun)勻拌(ban)入(ru)50千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)滑石粉成為(wei)粉劑(ji)，每(mei)(mei)100千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)種(zhong)(zhong)薯用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)2千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)混(hun)合粉劑(ji)在切(qie)塊后(hou)(hou)30分鐘(zhong)內均(jun)勻拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)。4.重施(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)，合理密(mi)植(zhi)。一般每(mei)(mei)畝施(shi)腐熟農(nong)家肥(fei)1500千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)+馬鈴薯專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)肥(fei)50千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)作(zuo)基(ji)肥(fei)。密(mi)度5000-6000株，地(di)(di)膜覆蓋比(bi)常(chang)規(gui)栽培可提前10天左右播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。5.除草(cao)蓋膜。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)覆土(tu)后(hou)(hou)，畝用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)90%乙草(cao)胺100毫(hao)升(sheng)全(quan)田噴霧后(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1米(mi)的(de)地(di)(di)膜覆膜，膜邊用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濕(shi)(shi)土(tu)壓緊。

    陳濤王紹林