一、 夏玉米平衡施肥技術

     1、因(yin)土(tu)(tu)施肥(fei)：我(wo)市(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有三大類(lei)土(tu)(tu)壤，一是潮(chao)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)，是我(wo)市(shi)最主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)的土(tu)(tu)類(lei)，占(zhan)全市(shi)土(tu)(tu)壤面積70%以上(shang)，夏玉米平衡施肥(fei)技術(shu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)依(yi)據上(shang)述方案(an)進(jin)行。二是砂姜黑土(tu)(tu)，占(zhan)全市(shi)土(tu)(tu)壤面積的20%左(zuo)右，該土(tu)(tu)類(lei)富鉀缺(que)磷，較(jiao)為粘重，保水(shui)保肥(fei)性能較(jiao)好，夏玉米施肥(fei)時(shi)應考慮比潮(chao)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)增加50%的磷肥(fei)，減少50%左(zuo)右的鉀肥(fei)。三是潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)，是我(wo)市(shi)的粉砂性土(tu)(tu)壤，保水(shui)保肥(fei)性能差(cha)，夏玉米施肥(fei)時(shi)應考慮勤施少施，以避免肥(fei)料流失。

     2、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)：畝(mu)產(chan)600公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)地塊，全生(sheng)育期可(ke)(ke)施(shi)尿(niao)素(su)40公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，磷(lin)酸(suan)二(er)銨15公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，氯(lv)化(hua)鉀(jia)20公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)；畝(mu)產(chan)700公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)地塊，全生(sheng)育期可(ke)(ke)施(shi)尿(niao)素(su)50公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，磷(lin)酸(suan)二(er)銨20公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，氯(lv)化(hua)鉀(jia)25公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)；畝(mu)產(chan)750公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)以(yi)上的(de)地塊，全生(sheng)育 期可(ke)(ke)施(shi)尿(niao)素(su)60公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，磷(lin)酸(suan)二(er)銨25公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，氯(lv)化(hua)鉀(jia)30公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。高產(chan)地塊應(ying)考慮施(shi)用微量(liang)元素(su)肥(fei)(fei)料，主要(yao)包括(kuo)鋅肥(fei)(fei)、硼(peng)肥(fei)(fei)、硫肥(fei)(fei)等，施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)為每畝(mu)鋅肥(fei)(fei)1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、硼(peng)肥(fei)(fei)0.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、硫肥(fei)(fei)5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。

     3、肥(fei)料運籌(chou)：麥(mai)收后，應立即(ji)施(shi)用(yong)苗肥(fei)，主要包括30%氮(dan)肥(fei)、全部磷鉀肥(fei)、微(wei)量元素肥(fei)料。50—60%氮(dan)肥(fei)做穗肥(fei)于大口期(qi)施(shi)入。玉米抽雄期(qi)補施(shi)粒肥(fei)，占總氮(dan)量的10—20%。

     4、葉(xie)面(mian)施(shi)肥(fei)（又稱根(gen)(gen)(gen)外(wai)施(shi)肥(fei)）：夏(xia)玉米(mi)苗期(qi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)不發達(da)，吸收養分(fen)的(de)(de)能力較弱，可(ke)噴施(shi)含有微(wei)量元(yuan)素(su)及生(sheng)  長(chang)調節劑的(de)(de)葉(xie)面(mian)肥(fei)，促進生(sheng)長(chang)；夏(xia)玉米(mi)生(sheng)長(chang)中(zhong)后(hou)期(qi)，根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)吸收能力下降，可(ke)噴施(shi)含有大量元(yuan)素(su)的(de)(de)葉(xie)面(mian)肥(fei)。  葉(xie)面(mian)施(shi)肥(fei)的(de)(de)濃度在0.3—0.5%左右，時間(jian)應在早晨(chen)或傍晚(wan)，以避免燒葉(xie)。

     二、玉(yu)米適期套種技術(shu)

     1、選用良種(zhong)：生產(chan)實(shi)踐(jian)證明(ming)，鄭單(dan)(dan)958、登海(hai)3號(hao)、魯單(dan)(dan)9006、魯單(dan)(dan)984、魯單(dan)(dan)9002等品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)高產(chan)穩(wen)產(chan)，抗逆性好，適宜我(wo)市種(zhong)植(zhi)，今年仍把這些品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)作為主導品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)推廣應(ying)用。

     2、精選良種：分級選擇具有本品種特征健壯成實飽滿的種子，剔除雜(za)、秕、劣(lie)、霉、碎籽，將(jiang)精選好的(de)種子用種衣(yi)劑按(an)種子量的(de)1：40的(de)比例進行包衣(yi)處理。

     3、適(shi)期(qi)(qi)播種(zhong)：套種(zhong)夏玉米適(shi)宜播期(qi)(qi)在5月(yue)底6月(yue)初，中(zhong)熟品種(zhong)如鄭(zheng)單958、魯(lu)單984等，要在收麥前5—7天播種(zhong)；中(zhong)晚熟品種(zhong)如郁青1號等，要在收麥前7—10天播種(zhong)；切(qie)不可(ke)隨意提前或推遲播期(qi)(qi)，以免(mian)造成管理上的被動。

     4、精細播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：將選擇好的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子分級(ji)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，并做到擺種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均勻，深淺(qian)一(yi)致，播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)深在3—5厘米為宜。推廣使用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時無墑(di)(di)造墑(di)(di)、足墑(di)(di)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，提(ti)倡播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)澆(jiao)跟種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)。千萬不可為了借墑(di)(di)，過早地(di)提(ti)前播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

     5、合理密植：緊(jin)湊型(xing)中(zhong)熟(shu)品種如(ru)(ru)鄭單958等，每畝(mu)(mu)4200—4500株為宜(yi)，半緊(jin)湊型(xing)中(zhong)晚熟(shu)品種如(ru)(ru)郁(yu)青1號，每畝(mu)(mu)3000—3500株為宜(yi)。高產(chan)地塊取上限(xian)，低產(chan)地塊取下限(xian)。

     6、科學管理：播種后要及時檢查播種質量，發現漏(lou)播及時補種。收(shou)麥(mai)前視墑情(qing)普(pu)遍(bian)澆(jiao)一遍(bian)保(bao)苗水，普(pu)治(zhi)一邊(bian)蟲(chong)(chong)，防止粗(cu)縮病等病蟲(chong)(chong)危害。

     三、玉米病、蟲、草害綜合防治技術(shu)

     1、化(hua)學除草：套(tao)種玉米于麥收后(hou)，選用乙莠水(shui)或乙阿合(he)劑，每(mei)畝200毫(hao)升，兌水(shui)30—50公斤，均勻噴灑行間地表。注意不(bu)要噴到玉米上。土壤墑情好時，藥效(xiao)更明顯。

     2、玉米苗期病蟲害防治：小麥收獲后，主要害蟲(chong)有粘蟲(chong)、葉蟬、灰飛虱(shi)等(deng)，可用(yong)玉米害蟲(chong)一遍凈1000—1500倍(bei)液，噴(pen)灑苗(miao)心防治。苗(miao)期還應重點(dian)防治粗縮病(bing)、矮花葉病(bing)，在發病(bing)初期，及時用(yong)植病(bing)靈(ling)800倍(bei)液防治，同時消滅田間(jian)和(he)四周的灰飛虱(shi)、蚜蟲(chong)等(deng)。

     3、玉(yu)米穗期(qi)蟲(chong)害有玉(yu)米螟(ming)、二代粘(zhan)蟲(chong)、薊(ji)馬(ma)等。防治玉(yu)米螟(ming)可(ke)用(yong)30%辛(xin)硫磷顆粒(li)劑每畝250—500克兌(dui)細(xi)沙5公斤撒入(ru)心葉；防治二代粘(zhan)蟲(chong)、薊(ji)馬(ma)等、可(ke)用(yong)玉(yu)米害蟲(chong)一遍凈60ml兌(dui)水35公斤噴霧。

     4、玉米花粒期：可(ke)用80%敵敵畏100倍液滴花絲防治(zhi)穗(sui)蟲，每個(ge)雌(ci)穗(sui)2—3滴。

     四(si)、玉米去雄(xiong)與(yu)輔助援粉技術

     玉(yu)米(mi)除(chu)去雄(xiong)穗(sui)(sui)可節(jie)省植株(zhu)養分，增加粒重。去雄(xiong)應在雄(xiong)穗(sui)(sui)剛抽出而尚未開(kai)花(hua)(hua)散粉(fen)時進(jin)(jin)行，采取隔(ge)行去雄(xiong)或(huo)隔(ge)株(zhu)去雄(xiong)，去雄(xiong)株(zhu)數不超過全田株(zhu)數的(de)(de)一半，地(di)邊(bian)、地(di)頭不要去雄(xiong)，以利于邊(bian)際玉(yu)米(mi)授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)，授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)結束(shu)后將余下的(de)(de)雄(xiong)穗(sui)(sui)全部(bu)拔除(chu)。人工授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)在盛(sheng)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)、晴天9-11時進(jin)(jin)行，人工用草繩(sheng)在植株(zhu)頂部(bu)拉動，搖晃雄(xiong)穗(sui)(sui)，促進(jin)(jin)授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)；在盛(sheng)花(hua)(hua)末期(qi)，人工采集花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)，對授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)不好(hao)的(de)(de)雌穗(sui)(sui)，逐一人工授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)，提高(gao)小花(hua)(hua)受精(jing)率，增加粒數。

     五、玉米適期(qi)晚收技(ji)術(shu)

     提倡完(wan)熟期收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)：果(guo)穗苞(bao)葉干枯而松散，籽粒乳線(xian)消失，基部變硬，達到完(wan)熟期標準進行收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)，秸稈還田(tian)。