一、 合理確定栽培時間

    滑子菇(gu)屬低(di)溫(wen)發(fa)菌(jun)低(di)溫(wen)出菇(gu)的(de)菌(jun)類(lei)，菌(jun)絲生(sheng)長階段，最適溫(wen)度為(wei)20—25℃。超過32℃菌(jun)絲停止生(sheng)長，子實體(ti)生(sheng)長高(gao)溫(wen)型(xing)7—20℃，中(zhong)溫(wen)型(xing)7—15℃。目前，在河(he)北省范圍栽培的(de)品種主(zhu)要是高(gao)溫(wen)型(xing)種類(lei)，如：早豐112、C3—3、C3—1等(deng)。常(chang)規的(de)栽培時間為(wei)2—3月(yue)份(fen)(fen)蒸料(liao)滅菌(jun)接種，4—5月(yue)份(fen)(fen)發(fa)菌(jun)，6—7月(yue)份(fen)(fen)安全越夏，8—11月(yue)份(fen)(fen)出菇(gu)。

　　二、 選擇適宜的(de)出菇場地

　　滑子菇(gu)出菇(gu)場地的標準：保(bao)溫保(bao)濕(shi)，不因(yin)受外(wai)界氣(qi)(qi)候條件影(ying)響，使溫度發生劇烈變化，冬暖夏涼，通風換氣(qi)(qi)良好，提(ti)高發菌成品率。遠離畜禽圈舍(she)30米以外(wai)，無積水(shui)，無穢物(wu)，遠離污染源，靠(kao)近(jin)水(shui)源，并能排澇，而且交通方便。

　　三、 選用優質原料

　　滑子菇培養基的主料是木屑，輔料有麩皮、玉米面(mian)(mian)、石(shi)膏和石(shi)灰。木(mu)(mu)屑選用(yong)闊葉硬雜(za)木(mu)(mu)樹種(zhong)，購(gou)進木(mu)(mu)屑后最(zui)好經過堆(dui)放(fang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)酵(jiao)后再使用(yong)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)酵(jiao)后的(de)木(mu)(mu)屑栽(zai)培滑子菇比采用(yong)新(xin)木(mu)(mu)屑發(fa)(fa)(fa)菌(jun)快(kuai)、產量(liang)高。麩皮(pi)、玉米(mi)面(mian)(mian)必須新(xin)鮮、無霉(mei)變(bian)、無結塊、無蟲蛀，存(cun)放(fang)時間過久，尤(you)其是(shi)經過夏季高溫作用(yong)后的(de)麩皮(pi)不能使用(yong)。

　　四(si)、 科學配方(fang)，嚴格(ge)消毒，無雜菌接種

    （一）配方(fang)(fang)：1、木屑(xie)100斤(jin)，麩(fu)皮18—20斤(jin)，石(shi)(shi)膏1斤(jin)，石(shi)(shi)灰0.5斤(jin)。2、木屑(xie)100斤(jin)，麩(fu)皮16斤(jin)，玉米面2斤(jin)，石(shi)(shi)膏1斤(jin)，石(shi)(shi)灰0.5斤(jin)。含水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)：兩種(zhong)配方(fang)(fang)的培養料(liao)(liao)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)均以(yi)60%為宜，用(yong)手(shou)緊握成團(tuan)，指(zhi)縫(feng)見水(shui)(shui)(shui)不滴，手(shou)松料(liao)(liao)微散。PH值為6—7。

　　（二）消毒：采用常壓滅菌(jun)鍋充氣(qi)滅菌(jun)。蒸料(liao)過程，盤栽滑(hua)子菇(gu)蒸散料(liao)，應嚴(yan)格按“見氣(qi)撒料(liao)”的要求進行(xing)。袋栽滑(hua)子菇(gu)先(xian)制袋后(hou)(hou)滅菌(jun)，把制好的料(liao)袋碼垛，用塑料(liao)布(bu)和(he)保溫(wen)苫(shan)布(bu)或(huo)棉被封閉后(hou)(hou)，再充氣(qi)滅菌(jun)。充氣(qi)時一(yi)定要做到“火旺氣(qi)足”使培養基(ji)充分的消毒和(he)熟化(hua)。

　　（三）接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：首先做(zuo)好(hao)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)室或接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)帳的消毒(du)，1立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)用(yong)(yong)5—8克消毒(du)盒消毒(du)，消毒(du)和(he)(he)準備工(gong)作完畢后，包(bao)好(hao)菌(jun)盤(pan)或菌(jun)袋，待(dai)料溫降到25℃以下時開(kai)始接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前嚴(yan)格檢查(cha)菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有無變質和(he)(he)雜菌(jun)污染，如菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質量(liang)沒問題，將(jiang)菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓶或菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)袋表面用(yong)(yong)75%酒精(jing)(jing)洗擦(ca)進行消毒(du)，接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)具用(yong)(yong)酒精(jing)(jing)燈灼(zhuo)燒，稍(shao)涼后進行接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法和(he)(he)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)：①盤(pan)栽：接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)每盤(pan)200—250克菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，去掉老皮(pi)和(he)(he)原基，將(jiang)菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)掰(bai)(bai)成杏核大小(xiao)或玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)粒大小(xiao)的塊，打(da)開(kai)包(bao)盤(pan)膜，把菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均(jun)勻(yun)撒于(yu)料面，用(yong)(yong)消過毒(du)的壓(ya)板適當壓(ya)實，重新將(jiang)盤(pan)包(bao)好(hao)封嚴(yan)防止水分蒸(zheng)發。②袋栽：打(da)孔接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，先把接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的一(yi)面用(yong)(yong)酒精(jing)(jing)擦(ca)一(yi)下，然后用(yong)(yong)消過毒(du)的打(da)孔棒打(da)孔，隨打(da)隨接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，把菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)掰(bai)(bai)成稍(shao)大于(yu)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)孔，菌(jun)塊和(he)(he)培養料接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)緊實。

　　五、 發菌期管(guan)理

　　接種后(hou)的菌(jun)(jun)盤(pan)或(huo)袋碼(ma)垛發菌(jun)(jun)，垛高10層左(zuo)右，上面(mian)覆(fu)蓋草簾(lian)或(huo)棉(mian)簾(lian)。禁用塑料布(bu)或(huo)苫布(bu)封(feng)嚴，最佳垛溫為(wei)(wei)4—6℃.發菌(jun)(jun)管理分(fen)為(wei)(wei)三個時期(qi)。

　　（一）發菌(jun)(jun)前期：即接種(zhong)(zhong)后到菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)定植(zhi)的(de)期間。此期的(de)管(guan)理(li)要(yao)(yao)點(dian)：既(ji)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)溫又要(yao)(yao)通風(feng)換氣(qi)。保(bao)溫的(de)目的(de)是滿足(zu)菌(jun)(jun)絲在低溫下(xia)生(sheng)長的(de)要(yao)(yao)求；通風(feng)換氣(qi)是為了保(bao)證菌(jun)(jun)絲體生(sheng)長時(shi)有足(zu)夠的(de)氧氣(qi)，同時(shi)，排除二(er)氧化碳。定植(zhi)的(de)菌(jun)(jun)袋要(yao)(yao)及時(shi)倒垛，此期要(yao)(yao)經歷15—25天。

　　（二）發(fa)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)中期(qi)：即菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲連接到長滿菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)盤(pan)或菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋接種點連接的時期(qi)。此期(qi)開始菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)盤(pan)上(shang)架(jia)、菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋分垛，由于菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲體生長速度加快、呼吸(xi)作用加強，應注意菇棚(peng)(peng)內通(tong)風換氣(qi)，確保(bao)菇棚(peng)(peng)內空氣(qi)新鮮(xian)。此期(qi)需25—30天(tian)。

　　（三）發菌后期(qi)(qi)：菌絲體長滿整個培養基到(dao)形(xing)成(cheng)桔黃色蠟(la)(la)質(zhi)層期(qi)(qi)間(jian)。管理(li)要點：提(ti)(ti)高(gao)菇(gu)棚(peng)內散射光強度(du)，將(jiang)菇(gu)棚(peng)內溫(wen)度(du)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)到(dao)18—23℃，促進蠟(la)(la)質(zhi)層的正(zheng)常(chang)形(xing)成(cheng)。由于夏季氣溫(wen)高(gao)，菌盤袋需要安全越夏，此期(qi)(qi)不單是給菇(gu)房通(tong)風，并(bing)且(qie)加蓋遮蔭物(wu)，控制菇(gu)棚(peng)內溫(wen)度(du)不超(chao)過28℃。同時還要將(jiang)蠟(la)(la)質(zhi)層形(xing)成(cheng)較差的菌盤袋移到(dao)光線充足、通(tong)風良好的地方，促進蠟(la)(la)質(zhi)層的正(zheng)常(chang)形(xing)成(cheng)，以利于安全越夏。