為了解種業企業發展情況，發揮種業企業在種業振興中的主力軍作用，中國種子協(xie)會(hui)組(zu)織開展了(le)2021年種子企(qi)業情(qing)況調研(yan)活動(dong)，通過(guo)發放調研(yan)問卷、召開座談會(hui)、實(shi)地考察等方式，調研(yan)了(le)60余家(jia)企(qi)業、7家(jia)省(sheng)(sheng)級行(xing)業協(xie)會(hui)、6家(jia)省(sheng)(sheng)級種子管理部門，并專項調研(yan)了(le)16家(jia)種業企(qi)業科企(qi)合作和兼并重組(zu)情(qing)況。現報告如下：

      一、種業企業發展情況

      （一）管理機構積極引領。各地政府根據黨中央、國務院部署，落實農業農村部對種業振興工作的安排，從當地實際情況出發，出臺種業政策，推進種業企業發展。提高種企地位。如江蘇省泰州市在2021年一號文件中，明確提出要支持當地種業企業——江蘇紅旗種業股份有限公司。加強資金扶持。如江西省2021年3月成立了江西省興贛種業發展基金，存續期十年，首期規模達3.01億元，主要針對成長型企業進行投資。推動科企合作。如上海市出臺政策鼓勵支持科研院所、高等院校科研人才通(tong)過兼職、選派、參與(yu)項(xiang)目合作等方(fang)式(shi)，參與(yu)企(qi)業(ye)發展，提高(gao)企(qi)業(ye)科研實(shi)力(li)(li)。增(zeng)進(jin)創新激(ji)勵。通(tong)過“揭榜掛(gua)帥(shuai)”、引(yin)(yin)進(jin)人(ren)(ren)才等方(fang)式(shi)，提升企(qi)業(ye)科研實(shi)力(li)(li)，如江蘇省(sheng)實(shi)施種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)振興揭榜掛(gua)帥(shuai)項(xiang)目，圍(wei)繞(rao)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)創新關鍵卡脖子技術和種(zhong)(zhong)源設立(li)142個項(xiang)目，鼓(gu)勵企(qi)業(ye)申報，上海市(shi)(shi)明(ming)確將種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)納入(ru)《助(zhu)力(li)(li)鄉村振興若干政策措施》重點支(zhi)持范(fan)圍(wei)，出臺引(yin)(yin)進(jin)人(ren)(ren)才直接落滬等政策，鼓(gu)勵用人(ren)(ren)單位引(yin)(yin)進(jin)緊缺急(ji)需種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)才。優(you)化營(ying)商環(huan)境。通(tong)過強化市(shi)(shi)場監管、打擊假冒偽劣(lie)套(tao)牌(pai)等侵權行為，優(you)化市(shi)(shi)場環(huan)境，助(zhu)力(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)發展。

      （二）科研單位大力支持。我國種業企業總體處于小、弱、散的狀態，與科研機構合作，是提升企業科研實力最直接、最迅速的途徑。在調研中，我們發現，很多科研單位重視與企業合作，推廣研究成果，為商業化育種提供技術支持。共建合作機制。企業與科研單位發揮各自優勢，共享合作成果。如河北大地種業有限公司為多家科研單位提供科研、試驗基地，享受科研成果的優先購買權；上海交通大學張大兵教授領導的團隊與袁隆平院士團隊合作，成功研發了“第三代遺傳工程不育系”，并通過袁隆平農業高科技股份有限公司和青島袁策集團有限公司推廣。共建獨立公司。企業與科研單位共同組建獨立公司，共擔風險，共享收益。如安徽荃銀高科種業股份有限公司與中國科學院、中國水稻所等單位共同成立獨立公司—上海中科荃銀分子育種技術有限公司，負責轉化股東科研單位的科研成果。共擔合作項目。企業與科研單位共同承擔科研項目，通過完成項目任務，增加優質種質資源的儲備數量，提升育種能力和技術。如山東魯研農業良種有限公司與山東省農業科學院共同承擔國家發展改革委、科技部等重點研究項目，構建了以企業為主體的小麥種業體系。

      （三）種業企業主動作為。內因是事物發展的源泉和動力，企業發展，需要企業自身努力。調研中，我們發現，各地企業積極行動、主動作為，采取各項措施，提高企業實力。重視科研投入。如大北農集團堅持投入研發，十年累計投入資金16.1億元，保證了研發體系的運行和研發成果的產出；河南金苑種業年研發投入 2000 萬元左右，占公司營業收入的10%，建立了以玉米、小麥常規育種(zhong)、生物育種(zhong)實驗室(shi)、大數據庫(ku)、中期(qi)、短(duan)期(qi)資(zi)源庫(ku)為(wei)支撐(cheng)的(de)商業(ye)(ye)化(hua)育種(zhong)體系。加強隊伍建設(she)。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)或(huo)高(gao)薪引入(ru)(ru)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)，或(huo)完(wan)善(shan)內部機制(zhi)留(liu)住人(ren)(ren)才(cai)，如(ru)寧波微萌(meng)種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)有限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)拿出10%的(de)股份，給予分子育種(zhong)技術人(ren)(ren)才(cai)和能力突出、對公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)有重(zhong)大貢獻的(de)員工(gong)(gong)，凝聚員工(gong)(gong)力量。延長產業(ye)(ye)鏈條(tiao)。走(zou)多元化(hua)發展道(dao)路，如(ru)江西紅一種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)科技有限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)，成(cheng)立米業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)從事糧食(shi)種(zhong)植、收購(gou)、倉(cang)儲、加工(gong)(gong)、銷售(shou)等業(ye)(ye)務，實現(xian)了(le)從實驗室(shi)到餐桌的(de)全產業(ye)(ye)鏈發展。正(zheng)視文(wen)(wen)化(hua)建設(she)。用先進企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)凝聚熱情，推動企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)發展，如(ru)大北(bei)農集團把(ba)“創建世界級企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)”的(de)目標(biao)分解為(wei)不(bu)同(tong)標(biao)語，通過點滴滲透，深入(ru)(ru)員工(gong)(gong)日常工(gong)(gong)作，實現(xian)個人(ren)(ren)目標(biao)與集團目標(biao)的(de)一致(zhi)。

      二、種業企業面臨的困難

      （一）存在著對種業政策落地難的擔憂。調(diao)研中企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)普遍認為，落(luo)實(shi)種業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)振(zhen)興行動方案，各級政府出臺了一系列支持(chi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展政策(ce)，體(ti)現了國(guo)家對種業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)重視，感受到了種業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展的(de)希望；但也(ye)看到落(luo)實(shi)政策(ce)存在的(de)困難和阻力，對好政策(ce)能(neng)否真正落(luo)地生根存在疑慮和擔憂。

      （二）存在著企業發展資源少的困惑。企(qi)業發(fa)展中(zhong)存著(zhu)多個環節被(bei)卡的(de)現象：很多優質種(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)和尖端育種(zhong)(zhong)技(ji)術(shu)被(bei)國(guo)外和國(guo)內科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)單位(wei)壟(long)斷，企(qi)業擁(yong)有的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)數量(liang)少(shao)、質量(liang)差，育種(zhong)(zhong)技(ji)術(shu)落(luo)后(hou)；育種(zhong)(zhong)儀器(qi)、設(she)備等硬件和測試程序(xu)等軟件，都被(bei)國(guo)外壟(long)斷；企(qi)業人(ren)才缺乏(fa)，科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)人(ren)才多集(ji)中(zhong)在科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)單位(wei)，高級管(guan)理人(ren)員(yuan)流動到利潤(run)水(shui)平高的(de)行(xing)業；育種(zhong)(zhong)制種(zhong)(zhong)基地存著(zhu)散、弱(ruo)、小、不(bu)穩定現象，企(qi)業不(bu)敢投入(ru)，配套設(she)施(shi)薄弱(ruo)、配套建設(she)不(bu)全。

      （三）存在著企業研發實力弱的無奈。建立企(qi)業商業化育種(zhong)體(ti)系(xi)，提高企(qi)業研(yan)(yan)發實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，存在(zai)著以(yi)下(xia)困難：企(qi)業資金投入(ru)不(bu)(bu)足，育種(zhong)投入(ru)周期(qi)長(chang)，育種(zhong)風險大(da)，所需資金多，中小企(qi)業實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li)(li)(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)足以(yi)支撐獨立研(yan)(yan)發；育種(zhong)隊伍(wu)不(bu)(bu)穩定，企(qi)業招不(bu)(bu)來、留(liu)不(bu)(bu)下(xia)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)人(ren)才，科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li)(li)(li)(li)薄弱；國家科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)項目申報、考核標準不(bu)(bu)符合(he)(he)企(qi)業實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際，企(qi)業申報困難，難以(yi)提高科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li)(li)(li)(li)；科(ke)(ke)(ke)企(qi)合(he)(he)作(zuo)缺乏長(chang)遠、穩定規劃，多為購買品種(zhong)、共建項目等短期(qi)合(he)(he)作(zuo)。

      （四）存在著企業市場環境差的迷茫。調研(yan)中，大部分(fen)企(qi)業反(fan)映(ying)，市場上(shang)侵犯品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)權現象時(shi)(shi)有(you)發生，搶占了品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)權人的市場份(fen)額(e)，損害了品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)權人的利(li)益(yi)，但品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)權保(bao)(bao)護(hu)取證難、維權時(shi)(shi)間長(chang)、維權成本高、賠償額(e)低，加之個別地方存著執法(fa)不嚴(yan)、違法(fa)不糾的現象，品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)權保(bao)(bao)護(hu)力度不足，嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響了企(qi)業的原始創新積極(ji)性。

      三、對扶持種業企業發展的建議

      （一）管理機構應完善企業發展機制。要(yao)(yao)完(wan)(wan)善種業(ye)(ye)管(guan)理體(ti)系，健(jian)全(quan)(quan)組(zu)織機構(gou)，強(qiang)化(hua)基層(ceng)種業(ye)(ye)監(jian)管(guan)執法力(li)(li)量，構(gou)建系統完(wan)(wan)備、科學規范、運行高效(xiao)的種業(ye)(ye)監(jian)管(guan)體(ti)系，讓種業(ye)(ye)基層(ceng)管(guan)理有機構(gou)、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)辦事(shi)有窗口；要(yao)(yao)健(jian)全(quan)(quan)法規制度體(ti)系，加(jia)快(kuai)修訂《植(zhi)物新(xin)品種保護(hu)條(tiao)例》及相關配套(tao)措施，研(yan)究(jiu)制定實(shi)(shi)質性派(pai)生品種制度實(shi)(shi)施步驟和方(fang)法，明確(que)判定標(biao)準、技術方(fang)法，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)利企(qi)制度盡快(kuai)落地見(jian)效(xiao)；要(yao)(yao)優化(hua)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)扶持(chi)(chi)(chi)政策，研(yan)究(jiu)出臺(tai)支持(chi)(chi)(chi)種業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)指導性文件，推(tui)(tui)進企(qi)業(ye)(ye)貸款貼息、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)研(yan)發(fa)加(jia)計扣除稅收優惠等(deng)政策落實(shi)(shi)，引導現代(dai)(dai)種業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)基金(jin)等(deng)社會和資本金(jin)融參(can)與(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)兼并重組(zu)和創新(xin)研(yan)發(fa)，實(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)在在的幫助企(qi)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)；要(yao)(yao)凈化(hua)市(shi)(shi)場發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)環境，全(quan)(quan)面貫徹實(shi)(shi)施種子(zi)法，綜合運用法律、經(jing)濟、技術、行政等(deng)手段，持(chi)(chi)(chi)續嚴厲打擊(ji)假冒偽劣、套(tao)牌侵權(quan)等(deng)違法行為，加(jia)大市(shi)(shi)場監(jian)管(guan)處罰力(li)(li)度，加(jia)大案件公開(kai)曝光力(li)(li)度，讓造(zao)假侵權(quan)者真(zhen)真(zhen)正正付出沉重代(dai)(dai)價。

      （二）科研單位應聯合企業加快研發。要(yao)(yao)建立(li)共(gong)(gong)(gong)享機制(zhi)，編制(zhi)農作(zuo)物種(zhong)質(zhi)資源共(gong)(gong)(gong)享利用(yong)規則，真(zhen)正將(jiang)重點挖掘(jue)的(de)糧食、油料和(he)重要(yao)(yao)經濟作(zuo)物高產(chan)、優質(zhi)、抗病蟲和(he)耐鹽堿的(de)基因共(gong)(gong)(gong)享給企(qi)業(ye)(ye)使用(yong)。制(zhi)定(ding)設(she)(she)備設(she)(she)施共(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)管理辦(ban)法，探(tan)索建立(li)共(gong)(gong)(gong)享實驗(yan)室(shi)，將(jiang)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)單位好的(de)育(yu)種(zhong)儀器、設(she)(she)備設(she)(she)施和(he)測試(shi)程序(xu)軟件(jian)有條件(jian)地(di)與(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)共(gong)(gong)(gong)享；要(yao)(yao)推進聯合(he)攻關(guan)，樹立(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)為主體(ti)、科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)為支撐(cheng)、產(chan)學(xue)研(yan)(yan)用(yong)深度(du)結合(he)的(de)創新(xin)意識，積極組建創新(xin)聯合(he)體(ti)，加快基因編輯等新(xin)技術研(yan)(yan)發(fa)應(ying)用(yong)，促進高產(chan)高效、綠色優質(zhi)、節(jie)水節(jie)糧、宜機宜飼、專用(yong)特用(yong)新(xin)品種(zhong)的(de)選育(yu)；要(yao)(yao)促進人(ren)才(cai)(cai)流動，破除人(ren)才(cai)(cai)流動障礙(ai)，鼓勵人(ren)才(cai)(cai)向企(qi)業(ye)(ye)流動，引(yin)導他們與(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)對接、深度(du)合(he)作(zuo)，讓育(yu)種(zhong)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)在服務企(qi)業(ye)(ye)中大(da)顯(xian)身手、大(da)有作(zuo)為，做好企(qi)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)培育(yu)和(he)輸送基地(di)，設(she)(she)立(li)助力(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)育(yu)種(zhong)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)支持政策。

      （三）行業組織應健全企業服務手段。中國種子協會作為全國性的行業組織，應切實擔當起種子法賦予的“服務、協調、維權、自律”職責。要完善誠信體系建設，加強信用評價聯絡員和評審專家隊伍建設，堅持企業失信教育懲戒制度，保持對信用企業的跟蹤監督，開展信用評價培訓，拓寬信用評價結果的應用渠道，以信用評價為導向助力企業合作；要提升法律服務能力，拓展法律服務團隊伍和職責，開展種子法律交流活動，組織座談，研討《種子法》實質性派生品種制度，組織宣貫培訓《種子法》和新修改的種業規章，推動尊重知識產權的行業文化建設，提高企業知法、懂法、用法的能力；要加強團體標準引領，推廣已制定完成的團體標準，繼續開展尋找玉米高產品種活動，持續開展青貯玉米大會、鮮食玉米大會、大豆高峰論壇(tan)等產業(ye)(ye)活動，引導綠色(se)、高產品種推廣，為(wei)種業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)高質量(liang)發展搭(da)建平臺；要舉(ju)辦好中國種子大會(hui)，將中國種子大會(hui)真正辦成(cheng)為(wei)中國種業(ye)(ye)的群(qun)英大會(hui)、引領大會(hui)和共享大會(hui)，為(wei)會(hui)員單位(wei)搭(da)建合作平臺，開啟(qi)交(jiao)流窗口(kou)，展示最新成(cheng)果，匯聚各方優(you)勢，助力(li)企業(ye)(ye)發展。

      （四）種業企業應主動擔當主體責任。隨著(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)振興(xing)行動(dong)的(de)啟動(dong)實施，我國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)迎來了(le)前所(suo)未(wei)有(you)的(de)黃金期，種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)身也要搶(qiang)抓機遇(yu)，保持沖勁(jing)、鼓足干勁(jing)，大力(li)弘(hong)揚(yang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)家精(jing)(jing)神(shen)，爭做種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)創(chuang)新發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)探索者、組織者和引(yin)領者。要敢(gan)于(yu)擔(dan)當，帶領企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)瞄準國(guo)家戰略(lve)(lve)和市(shi)場需求、找準發展(zhan)(zhan)定(ding)位、優(you)化發展(zhan)(zhan)布局，做到企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)國(guo)家戰略(lve)(lve)同頻共(gong)振，為(wei)民族(zu)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)振興(xing)主(zhu)動(dong)作(zuo)為(wei)、奮力(li)拼搏；要勇于(yu)創(chuang)新，錨定(ding)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科技自(zi)立(li)自(zi)強、種(zhong)(zhong)源自(zi)主(zhu)可(ke)控的(de)目標，匯集資源力(li)量，加(jia)大研發投入，努(nu)力(li)取得一批重大突破性品種(zhong)(zhong)，提(ti)升種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)核心(xin)競爭力(li)；要誠信守(shou)法(fa)(fa)，增強法(fa)(fa)治意識、契約精(jing)(jing)神(shen)，健全現代企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管理制度，誠實守(shou)信辦(ban)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，遵紀守(shou)法(fa)(fa)搞經營，帶頭堅決抵制套(tao)牌侵權等違(wei)法(fa)(fa)行為(wei)，為(wei)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)、農(nong)民群眾提(ti)供(gong)更加(jia)優(you)質的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)源服務，努(nu)力(li)培育不老的(de)“常青樹”、打造(zao)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)“百年老店”。

      附件：1.中國種子協會(hui)2021年(nian)種子企業(ye)情況(kuang)調(diao)研報告之一

      　　　2.中國種(zhong)子(zi)協會2021年(nian)種(zhong)子(zi)企業(ye)情況調研報告之二(er)

      　　　3.中國種(zhong)子協會2021年種(zhong)子企(qi)業情(qing)況調研(yan)報告(gao)之三——大(da)北(bei)農集團種(zhong)業創新情(qing)況調研(yan)

          ;   　4.中(zhong)國種(zhong)子(zi)協會(hui)2021年種(zhong)子(zi)企業情況(kuang)調(diao)研報告之(zhi)四——企業科企合作情況(kuang)調(diao)研

             　5.中國種子(zi)協會2021年種子(zi)企(qi)業情況調研報告(gao)之五——企(qi)業兼并重組情況調研

附件1

中國種子協會2021年種子企業情況調研報告之一

      為了(le)配(pei)合(he)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)農村(cun)部種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理司(si)做好(hao)(hao)“打(da)(da)贏(ying)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)翻身(shen)仗(zhang)(zhang)工(gong)(gong)作”，發揮種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)協會在打(da)(da)好(hao)(hao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)翻身(shen)仗(zhang)(zhang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特作用，中(zhong)國種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)協會組織開(kai)展了(le)2021年種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)情況調研活動。調研工(gong)(gong)作分東(dong)華(hua)北、華(hua)東(dong)、華(hua)中(zhong)華(hua)南(nan)、西南(nan)和西北5個(ge)小組。最近，華(hua)東(dong)組分赴山東(dong)、浙江(jiang)、江(jiang)蘇、上(shang)海，召開(kai)了(le)5次種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)座談(tan)會，走訪了(le)9家種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。調研中(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)協會和種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理部門普遍反映(ying)，當(dang)地黨(dang)委(wei)和政(zheng)府都高度重(zhong)(zhong)視中(zhong)央(yang)作出的(de)(de)(de)(de)打(da)(da)好(hao)(hao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)翻身(shen)仗(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)部署，正(zheng)在研究提出當(dang)地加強種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體意見。山東(dong)省委(wei)劉家義書記親自主持召開(kai)了(le)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)高質量發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)座談(tan)會，江(jiang)蘇泰州(zhou)市委(wei)今年的(de)(de)(de)(de)1號文件，破天(tian)荒第一次提出要(yao)(yao)支持當(dang)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅旗種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)意見。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)更(geng)是聞風而動，在積極做好(hao)(hao)當(dang)前種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，也在認真思考如(ru)何(he)在打(da)(da)好(hao)(hao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)翻身(shen)仗(zhang)(zhang)中(zhong)發揮種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)作用。在鹽城神(shen)農大(da)豐種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)公(gong)司(si)制種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)田間疊立(li)著一塊(kuai)“要(yao)(yao)開(kai)展種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)卡脖(bo)子(zi)技(ji)術攻關(guan)，立(li)志打(da)(da)一場(chang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)翻身(shen)仗(zhang)(zhang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨幅宣傳牌，在進入江(jiang)蘇中(zhong)江(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)辦公(gong)樓時，映(ying)入眼簾的(de)(de)(de)(de)是一幅“聽黨(dang)指(zhi)揮，堅決打(da)(da)贏(ying)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)翻身(shen)仗(zhang)(zhang)”電子(zi)標語。在調研期(qi)間，大(da)家圍繞如(ru)何(he)打(da)(da)贏(ying)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)翻身(shen)仗(zhang)(zhang)這個(ge)主題，就以下幾個(ge)問(wen)題作了(le)廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)研討交流：

        一、如何認識黨中央作出的打好種業翻身仗這一重大決策的重要意義，創造春風化雨的好局面，使中央的重大決策部署能夠落地生根、開花結果

      大(da)家認為(wei)，黨(dang)中(zhong)央作出的(de)(de)打好(hao)種(zhong)業翻身仗(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)決(jue)策(ce)部署，使(shi)我們(men)感受到了我國種(zhong)業的(de)(de)又一個春(chun)天的(de)(de)氣息。但春(chun)風度過(guo)玉門關(guan)，春(chun)風化(hua)雨滋潤種(zhong)子企業，需要(yao)(yao)深刻認識黨(dang)中(zhong)央關(guan)于打好(hao)種(zhong)業翻身仗(zhang)(zhang)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)戰略部署的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)意義，將黨(dang)中(zhong)央的(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)決(jue)策(ce)部署真正落到實(shi)處。

      一是要從“脫鉤”和“內循環”這一極端氣候的高度認識打好種業翻身仗的必要性

      打好種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)翻身仗首先要(yao)有效地解決(jue)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源“卡(ka)(ka)脖(bo)(bo)(bo)子(zi)(zi)”問題。大(da)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)認為(wei)，對(dui)(dui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)來說，所(suo)謂種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源卡(ka)(ka)脖(bo)(bo)(bo)子(zi)(zi)，就是(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)過(guo)程(cheng)中所(suo)必須具(ju)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)源、核(he)心(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、關(guan)鍵(jian)設備、人才和(he)基(ji)地等(deng)基(ji)本(ben)要(yao)素受(shou)(shou)制(zhi)于(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際上(shang)其(qi)他(ta)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)或國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內其(qi)他(ta)組織，使企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)感到被動、無助、痛苦甚至是(shi)(shi)絕望而(er)影響到種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)培育(yu)、繁殖、推廣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)現象。大(da)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)認為(wei)，黨中央作出開展種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源“卡(ka)(ka)脖(bo)(bo)(bo)子(zi)(zi)”技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)攻(gong)(gong)關(guan)，立(li)志打一場種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)翻身仗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)決(jue)策部(bu)署(shu)，是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)源和(he)原創核(he)心(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)存(cun)在(zai)明(ming)顯短(duan)板和(he)被人“卡(ka)(ka)脖(bo)(bo)(bo)子(zi)(zi)”潛(qian)在(zai)風(feng)險的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)醒(xing)認識，是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)以(yi)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)為(wei)首的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西方國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)所(suo)實(shi)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單邊主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)、保(bao)護主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)、霸凌主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)造成與中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)脫鉤這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可能(neng)出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極端局(ju)面(mian)而(er)采(cai)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)立(li)足(zu)于(yu)現實(shi)、著眼于(yu)長遠、防患于(yu)未然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)動應對(dui)(dui)，是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)貫徹新發展理念、立(li)足(zu)新發展要(yao)求、構建(jian)新發展格局(ju)、開啟(qi)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)現代化(hua)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)建(jian)設新征程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)部(bu)署(shu)，也是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)糧食安全和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)安全底線思維的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)具(ju)體體現。我(wo)們寧可把問題設想(xiang)得復(fu)雜一些、形勢估計得嚴峻(jun)一些，從(cong)現在(zai)開始，就要(yao)以(yi)打仗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勇氣(qi)，攻(gong)(gong)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毅力，開展種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源“卡(ka)(ka)脖(bo)(bo)(bo)子(zi)(zi)”技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)攻(gong)(gong)關(guan)，立(li)志打好種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)翻身仗，做到在(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源和(he)核(he)心(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)不再受(shou)(shou)制(zhi)于(yu)人，確保(bao)自控、自主(zhu)(zhu)、自立(li)。

      二是要從全方位和多環節的廣度認識打好種業翻身仗的緊迫性

      大家認為，對企業(ye)來說，種源卡(ka)脖(bo)子(zi)(zi)是全方(fang)位、多環節(jie)的(de)(de)，既(ji)(ji)涉及到生存，也關系到發(fa)展；既(ji)(ji)有(you)現實的(de)(de)卡(ka)脖(bo)子(zi)(zi)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)，也有(you)潛在的(de)(de)卡(ka)脖(bo)子(zi)(zi)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)；既(ji)(ji)有(you)國際的(de)(de)卡(ka)脖(bo)子(zi)(zi)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)，也有(you)國內的(de)(de)卡(ka)脖(bo)子(zi)(zi)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)。

      全方位表現為：有(you)(you)生(sheng)存(cun)(cun)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)卡脖(bo)(bo)子(zi)(zi)。我(wo)國(guo)糧食作物(wu)(wu)中的(de)(de)玉米和大豆，在(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)和育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技術(shu)方(fang)(fang)面，存(cun)(cun)在(zai)被國(guo)外(wai)壟斷的(de)(de)問題。有(you)(you)發展(zhan)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)卡脖(bo)(bo)子(zi)(zi)。蔬菜、瓜類等(deng)影響生(sheng)活品(pin)質的(de)(de)作物(wu)(wu)，優(you)(you)質資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)大部分依靠(kao)國(guo)外(wai)進口，如蔬菜中的(de)(de)青菜、胡(hu)蘿卜、蘆筍、金針菇等(deng)作物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)完全(quan)依靠(kao)國(guo)外(wai)進口，80%的(de)(de)西蘭花種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)是國(guo)外(wai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)潛(qian)在(zai)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)卡脖(bo)(bo)子(zi)(zi)。我(wo)國(guo)水稻、小麥育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雖然(ran)現在(zai)處(chu)于世界領先地位，但存(cun)(cun)在(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)深度(du)鑒定、評價不(bu)(bu)足(zu)等(deng)問題，缺乏對種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)深度(du)挖掘(jue)；知(zhi)識產(chan)(chan)(chan)權保護力度(du)不(bu)(bu)夠，資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)流失嚴重；育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)企(qi)業(ye)實力不(bu)(bu)強，如我(wo)國(guo)排名(ming)前(qian)列的(de)(de)小麥育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公司山東魯研種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)與國(guo)際巨(ju)頭利馬格蘭相(xiang)比，在(zai)研發投(tou)入(ru)、育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式、育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設備、實驗站布(bu)局(ju)、育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地建設等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面都存(cun)(cun)在(zai)明(ming)顯差距。有(you)(you)轉化(hua)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)卡脖(bo)(bo)子(zi)(zi)。發展(zhan)畜禽產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)需要農作物(wu)(wu)轉化(hua)為(wei)飼料(liao)(liao)作支(zhi)撐，但目前(qian)優(you)(you)質高產(chan)(chan)(chan)廣適(shi)的(de)(de)飼料(liao)(liao)作物(wu)(wu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)多，飼料(liao)(liao)轉化(hua)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)發展(zhan)落后。

      多環節表現為：有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)卡脖(bo)子(zi)。如(ru)蔬菜中的(de)(de)(de)(de)夏日陽(yang)光西紅柿、貝貝南瓜(gua)、網(wang)紋甜(tian)瓜(gua)等(deng)高(gao)端(duan)優質種(zhong)(zhong)質被(bei)(bei)國外壟斷。對企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，還被(bei)(bei)國內科研單(dan)位(wei)卡脖(bo)子(zi)，如(ru)國家種(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)保(bao)存(cun)目(mu)錄未公開，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知道保(bao)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)類，獲取資源(yuan)就(jiu)無(wu)從談起，即(ji)使(shi)知道資源(yuan)存(cun)放的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類，也(ye)無(wu)法(fa)申請(qing)資源(yuan)引用。有(you)(you)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)原創技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)卡脖(bo)子(zi)。育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)重點原創技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)都由國外掌握，如(ru)基因編輯(ji)底盤技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，國外育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)已走到(dao)生(sheng)物(wu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)與信息技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)相(xiang)結合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)4.0時代(dai)，而國內才剛剛走到(dao)接觸生(sheng)物(wu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1.5時代(dai)。有(you)(you)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)卡脖(bo)子(zi)。種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)研發生(sheng)產過程中使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)器、設備(bei)、軟件、試劑(ji)等(deng)裝置，如(ru)測序分(fen)析儀(yi)器、SNP基因分(fen)型(xing)儀(yi)、氣液相(xiang)色譜設備(bei)等(deng)，基本需要(yao)從國外進口(kou)，國產設備(bei)在(zai)耐用性(xing)、穩定性(xing)和精準(zhun)性(xing)等(deng)方面(mian)還存(cun)在(zai)差距。有(you)(you)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)人才的(de)(de)(de)(de)卡脖(bo)子(zi)。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)引不(bu)(bu)(bu)來(lai)(lai)、留不(bu)(bu)(bu)住人才，尤其是缺乏生(sheng)物(wu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)、生(sheng)物(wu)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)和常(chang)規技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)結合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)合(he)型(xing)高(gao)層次人才。有(you)(you)研發機制的(de)(de)(de)(de)卡脖(bo)子(zi)。國家商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)攻關對企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)支持不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠，項目(mu)考核標準(zhun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)適合(he)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實際情況，沒有(you)(you)發揮企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體作用。 有(you)(you)基地建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)卡脖(bo)子(zi)。育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)基地小、弱、散，不(bu)(bu)(bu)穩定、被(bei)(bei)侵占現象時有(you)(you)發生(sheng)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢投入基地建設，優質耕地面(mian)積(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷減少，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能為種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展提供(gong)有(you)(you)力支撐。

      三是要從一分部署九分落實的難度認識打好種業翻身仗的艱巨性

      2011年國務院8號(hao)文件明確(que)提出(chu)(chu)，國家(jia)級和省部級科研(yan)院所(suo)和高等院校要(yao)重點開(kai)展基礎性(xing)、前沿性(xing)和應(ying)用技(ji)術性(xing)研(yan)究(jiu)以及常規作(zuo)物育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)和無(wu)性(xing)繁殖(zhi)材料選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)等公益性(xing)研(yan)究(jiu)，建(jian)立以企業(ye)(ye)為主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)商業(ye)(ye)化(hua)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)新機制。如今10年過去了，科研(yan)單位(wei)仍在(zai)(zai)從事(shi)應(ying)用型育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)研(yan)究(jiu)，以企業(ye)(ye)為主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)商業(ye)(ye)化(hua)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)體(ti)(ti)系仍未(wei)建(jian)立。總結過去的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)驗教訓，種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)普遍(bian)反映，中央(yang)關于打好(hao)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)翻身仗(zhang)的(de)(de)決策部署這本“好(hao)經(jing)(jing)”，需(xu)要(yao)各部門、各級黨委和政(zheng)府念(nian)(nian)(nian)準、念(nian)(nian)(nian)好(hao)、念(nian)(nian)(nian)實、念(nian)(nian)(nian)下去，做(zuo)到(dao)春風化(hua)雨，落(luo)地(di)生根，開(kai)花結果(guo)，這就(jiu)要(yao)做(zuo)大(da)(da)量的(de)(de)艱(jian)巨(ju)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)。在(zai)(zai)調研(yan)中大(da)(da)家(jia)提到(dao)，中央(yang)提出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)是加強種(zhong)(zhong)子庫(ku)建(jian)設，現(xian)在(zai)(zai)很(hen)多專家(jia)解讀(du)是加強種(zhong)(zhong)質資源庫(ku)建(jian)設，究(jiu)竟哪一個理解更符合中央(yang)的(de)(de)精神，需(xu)要(yao)大(da)(da)家(jia)認真學習討論。大(da)(da)家(jia)認為，一分(fen)部署，九分(fen)落(luo)實，難(nan)就(jiu)難(nan)在(zai)(zai)對(dui)中央(yang)精神的(de)(de)正(zheng)確(que)把握上，難(nan)就(jiu)難(nan)在(zai)(zai)落(luo)實上。

      二、如何推動科研單位與種業企業的有效合作，創造珠聯璧合的好機制，在打好種業翻身仗中充分發揮科研單位與種業企業的優勢作用

      大家認為(wei)，推動科研(yan)單位與種業企業的(de)有效合作，做到珠聯璧合、優勢互補，是打(da)好種業翻身仗的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)基礎(chu)。

      （一）建立分工明確的科企責任機制

      上(shang)海市(shi)(shi)(shi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)單(dan)(dan)位多，包括中科(ke)(ke)(ke)院(yuan)(yuan)、上(shang)海交(jiao)(jiao)通大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)、上(shang)海師(shi)范(fan)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)、上(shang)海市(shi)(shi)(shi)農科(ke)(ke)(ke)院(yuan)(yuan)等科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)教育(yu)單(dan)(dan)位，科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)能力強，總(zong)體都(dou)(dou)(dou)注重基礎(chu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)供(gong)技(ji)術支(zhi)撐。上(shang)海交(jiao)(jiao)通大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)張(zhang)大(da)(da)兵教授(shou)領導的(de)(de)團(tuan)隊(dui)與袁(yuan)隆平(ping)院(yuan)(yuan)士團(tuan)隊(dui)合(he)作(zuo)，利用EATI位點成(cheng)功研(yan)發了(le)(le)“第(di)三代遺傳(chuan)工程(cheng)不育(yu)系”，在此基礎(chu)上(shang)，袁(yuan)隆平(ping)院(yuan)(yuan)士團(tuan)隊(dui)與袁(yuan)隆平(ping)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)高(gao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)股份有(you)限公司(si)和(he)(he)(he)青島袁(yuan)策集團(tuan)有(you)限公司(si)達成(cheng)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)性推(tui)廣合(he)作(zuo)。上(shang)海師(shi)范(fan)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)王全華(hua)教授(shou)團(tuan)隊(dui)負責菠(bo)菜和(he)(he)(he)番茄新(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資源和(he)(he)(he)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技(ji)術研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，黃學(xue)(xue)輝教授(shou)團(tuan)隊(dui)以水(shui)稻作(zuo)為(wei)材料涉及種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，李建粵(yue)教授(shou)團(tuan)隊(dui)從事水(shui)稻基因研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)和(he)(he)(he)分子標記輔助(zhu)選擇育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。以上(shang)這(zhe)些研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)都(dou)(dou)(dou)取得了(le)(le)國內(nei)領先的(de)(de)成(cheng)果，也都(dou)(dou)(dou)為(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)技(ji)術支(zhi)撐，科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)單(dan)(dan)位與種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)形成(cheng)了(le)(le)很好的(de)(de)分工機制。大(da)(da)家認為(wei)，上(shang)海市(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)單(dan)(dan)位與種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)基礎(chu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)和(he)(he)(he)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)分工責任(ren)機制值得推(tui)行(xing)。

      （二）建立符合企業實際的科企合作機制

      大家(jia)(jia)(jia)認(ren)為(wei)，科(ke)(ke)(ke)企合(he)(he)作應根據企業(ye)實際，創造(zao)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)模式(shi)。可(ke)以是(shi)緊密型(xing)(xing)的，如(ru)(ru)2012年寧(ning)波(bo)市(shi)政府以會議紀要形式(shi)，委派寧(ning)波(bo)農科(ke)(ke)(ke)院(yuan)從(cong)事甬(yong)優(you)系列雜(za)交水稻種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子的科(ke)(ke)(ke)研人員，到寧(ning)波(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)股(gu)(gu)份(fen)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司專職從(cong)事研發工作，由公(gong)(gong)司發放薪(xin)酬，核心(xin)研發團隊既保留了(le)編制待遇，無后顧之憂，又(you)有(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)司較高的工資收入，還持有(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)司的股(gu)(gu)份(fen)，享受分(fen)紅，積(ji)極性(xing)很(hen)高；可(ke)以是(shi)聯(lian)(lian)合(he)(he)型(xing)(xing)的，如(ru)(ru)江蘇金土地種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司，通(tong)過(guo)合(he)(he)資、合(he)(he)作等方式(shi)，與南(nan)京農業(ye)大學、揚州(zhou)農科(ke)(ke)(ke)院(yuan)建(jian)立產學研聯(lian)(lian)盟，用股(gu)(gu)份(fen)凝聚科(ke)(ke)(ke)研力(li)量(liang)，實現(xian)利益共享；可(ke)以是(shi)選擇型(xing)(xing)的，如(ru)(ru)江蘇明天(tian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技股(gu)(gu)份(fen)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司，不固定合(he)(he)作團隊，不固定合(he)(he)作品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，與多家(jia)(jia)(jia)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研院(yuan)校合(he)(he)作，選擇優(you)質品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，通(tong)過(guo)購(gou)買的方式(shi)，實現(xian)科(ke)(ke)(ke)企聯(lian)(lian)合(he)(he)；可(ke)以是(shi)專業(ye)型(xing)(xing)的，如(ru)(ru)安徽(hui)荃銀高科(ke)(ke)(ke)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)股(gu)(gu)份(fen)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司聯(lian)(lian)合(he)(he)中國科(ke)(ke)(ke)學院(yuan)分(fen)子植(zhi)物科(ke)(ke)(ke)學卓越創新中心(xin)、中國科(ke)(ke)(ke)學院(yuan)遺傳(chuan)與發育(yu)生物學研究(jiu)所，以及20余位(wei)全國知名科(ke)(ke)(ke)學家(jia)(jia)(jia)自然人共同投資成立上海中科(ke)(ke)(ke)荃銀分(fen)子育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技術有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司，一手牽科(ke)(ke)(ke)學家(jia)(jia)(jia)，一手牽老百(bai)姓(xing)，形成了(le)“設計(ji)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”和“種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)+”兩條線，初(chu)步搭(da)建(jian)了(le)有(you)(you)中國特色(se)的分(fen)子設計(ji)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)體系。

      （三）建立正向激勵的人才流動機制

      大家(jia)認為，在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)激(ji)(ji)勵上國家(jia)要(yao)做(zuo)好頂層制(zhi)(zhi)度設計，關(guan)鍵要(yao)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)出(chu)有利于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)向企(qi)(qi)業流動(dong)的(de)(de)激(ji)(ji)勵機制(zhi)(zhi)，使人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)科研單(dan)位和企(qi)(qi)業間自(zi)(zi)由流動(dong)，以(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)度保(bao)障人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)選擇自(zi)(zi)由，可(ke)以(yi)根據興趣選擇科研單(dan)位或企(qi)(qi)業。企(qi)(qi)業也要(yao)提(ti)高(gao)待遇，從工資、福利、發展前景(jing)等方面吸引人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，擴大企(qi)(qi)業人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)隊伍；創(chuang)造良(liang)好的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業氛圍，制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)培養制(zhi)(zhi)度，設計科學合理(li)的(de)(de)上升渠(qu)道(dao)，留住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，積累人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，沉淀研發能力。在(zai)調研中發現，寧(ning)波微萌種業在(zai)吸引人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)和留住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)方面進行了積極(ji)有益的(de)(de)探索：一方面用高(gao)工資吸引高(gao)層次人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，以(yi)年薪40-50萬的(de)(de)標準(zhun)吸引博士人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，正(zheng)在(zai)和浙江大學的(de)(de)育種家(jia)團隊以(yi)年薪100萬的(de)(de)標準(zhun)洽談(tan)簽訂十年合作協議，將該團隊的(de)(de)應用研究(jiu)項目引入(ru)公(gong)司(si)；另一方面用股權(quan)激(ji)(ji)勵留住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，準(zhun)備拿(na)出(chu)10%的(de)(de)股份，給予分子育種技術人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)和能力突出(chu)、對公(gong)司(si)有重大貢獻的(de)(de)員工。

      在調(diao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)中發(fa)現，推動(dong)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)單位(wei)(wei)與(yu)(yu)種業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)效合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)，創造珠聯璧合(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)好機制(zhi)，地方政府(fu)發(fa)揮組織(zhi)引領作(zuo)用很重要。浙(zhe)江省(sheng)寧波市(shi)政府(fu)于2012年明確提出了(le)“甬優(you)系(xi)列雜交水稻種子科研(yan)(yan)(yan)經(jing)營人員實(shi)行長期委(wei)派制(zhi)度，由市(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)局和(he)(he)市(shi)農(nong)(nong)科院委(wei)派以王(wang)曉燕(yan)和(he)(he)馬榮榮為首的(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務骨干分別組成(cheng)(cheng)公司(si)經(jing)營團隊和(he)(he)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)團隊”的(de)(de)具體意見，使寧波市(shi)農(nong)(nong)科院與(yu)(yu)寧波種業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)公司(si)實(shi)行了(le)股份制(zhi)、合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)制(zhi)和(he)(he)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)制(zhi)的(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)模式，建(jian)立了(le)穩定有(you)效的(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)關(guan)系(xi)，推動(dong)了(le)種業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展。上(shang)海(hai)市(shi)農(nong)(nong)委(wei)充分發(fa)揮上(shang)海(hai)市(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)力量強的(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)，為科研(yan)(yan)(yan)單位(wei)(wei)與(yu)(yu)種業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)牽(qian)線搭橋，推動(dong)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)單位(wei)(wei)與(yu)(yu)種業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)有(you)效合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)。上(shang)海(hai)市(shi)農(nong)(nong)科院培(pei)育(yu)的(de)(de)滬紅糯(nuo)1號鮮食玉米(mi)品種成(cheng)(cheng)功轉讓給惠和(he)(he)種業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

      三、如何激勵種業企業自主創新，創造別有洞天的好環境，治理市場秩序，改善政府服務，加強行業自律

          大家認為(wei)，激(ji)勵(li)企業的(de)自(zi)主創新需要規范的(de)市場(chang)秩序、有效的(de)政府(fu)服務、完善的(de)管(guan)理體系(xi)。

      （一）加大產權保護力度

      在(zai)(zai)調研中，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)反映最多的(de)(de)就是品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)現象。如(ru)鎮(zhen)研種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)有(you)限公(gong)(gong)司研發(fa)的(de)(de)辣椒(jiao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“巨(ju)無(wu)霸(ba)”剛剛上市(shi)(shi)，山東、安徽等省市(shi)(shi)場(chang)上就已有(you)改名換姓的(de)(de)“巨(ju)無(wu)霸(ba)”品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出現，擠占了品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)(quan)人的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)份(fen)額；常規(gui)麥(mai)稻有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植大(da)戶自(zi)(zi)留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沖擊銷售(shou)量，還有(you)白皮袋、散(san)裝種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子等侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)方(fang)式(shi)。大(da)家認(ren)為，做好品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)(quan)保護(hu)(hu)工作(zuo)(zuo)，維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)良好市(shi)(shi)場(chang)秩(zhi)序，應從五個方(fang)面(mian)(mian)共同發(fa)力(li)：在(zai)(zai)立法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，應盡快建立實(shi)質性派(pai)生品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制度，擴大(da)知識產權(quan)(quan)保護(hu)(hu)范圍；在(zai)(zai)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，應統一標(biao)準，明確規(gui)則(ze)，發(fa)揮專門法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院優勢，嚴格依照法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律規(gui)定(ding)追究責任，實(shi)現案(an)件的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)平公(gong)(gong)正；在(zai)(zai)執法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，應杜(du)絕息事寧人的(de)(de)態度和(he)(he)地方(fang)保護(hu)(hu)主義，依照法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)程序和(he)(he)標(biao)準做好執法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)檢查(cha)工作(zuo)(zuo)；在(zai)(zai)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，應主動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)為，維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)自(zi)(zi)身(shen)利(li)益，如(ru)江蘇神農大(da)豐(feng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)，在(zai)(zai)育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多個環節采取宣傳、取證、與種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植大(da)戶合作(zuo)(zuo)等措施，降低(di)被侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)損失，上海天谷種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)，聘(pin)有(you)專職(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律顧問，并外(wai)聘(pin)專門負責打(da)假的(de)(de)律師；在(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子協會方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，應發(fa)揮服務、協調、維(wei)(wei)權(quan)(quan)、自(zi)(zi)律功能，引(yin)導企(qi)業(ye)(ye)誠信，實(shi)現行(xing)業(ye)(ye)自(zi)(zi)律。

      （二）提高政府服務水平

      完(wan)善(shan)(shan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。做(zuo)好用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)布局，保(bao)(bao)(bao)持基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)穩定(ding)(ding)性，與(yu)(yu)相(xiang)關部(bu)(bu)門協調，完(wan)善(shan)(shan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)配(pei)套建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，發揮(hui)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)過(guo)程中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)多(duo)存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)小(xiao)、弱、散(san)等問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，不能發展規(gui)模化(hua)、機械化(hua)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，影(ying)響育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)；存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)向工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)讓步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象，基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)變動頻(pin)繁；育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)套建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)受多(duo)個部(bu)(bu)門管理(li)(li)，限制(zhi)過(guo)多(duo)，如(ru)上海惠(hui)和(he)(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)公司，每年因在(zai)(zai)(zai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子庫(ku)、或者在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)棚(peng)存(cun)(cun)(cun)放播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機等不符(fu)合建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)而受到(dao)國土資(zi)(zi)(zi)源局的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調查，需要(yao)花費(fei)大(da)(da)量(liang)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)精力(li)溝(gou)通。上述現(xian)象，導致企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不敢(gan)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，嚴重制(zhi)約了(le)(le)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)現(xian)代化(hua)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)調研中(zhong)也發現(xian)了(le)(le)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典型。江(jiang)蘇神(shen)農大(da)(da)豐種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)公司所在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鹽(yan)(yan)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)都(dou)區、郭猛鎮兩級政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)積極支(zhi)持種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，投入2150萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)，建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)了(le)(le)近600畝(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全國領先的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)研示范基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，為企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)技創(chuang)新提(ti)(ti)供了(le)(le)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)。寧波微萌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)寧波市(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)鄞州(zhou)區有關部(bu)(bu)門支(zhi)持下，獲批(pi)14畝(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，流(liu)轉400畝(mu)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)國內(nei)一流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蔬菜(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)研發中(zhong)心和(he)(he)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)；該公司依靠農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)項(xiang)目(mu)、寧波市(shi)(shi)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)局和(he)(he)鄞州(zhou)區農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)局等部(bu)(bu)門投資(zi)(zi)(zi)，已獲得2000萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)，預計未來五年還(huan)能得到(dao)2000-3000萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)，支(zhi)持這(zhe)兩個項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。完(wan)善(shan)(shan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)稅收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。應根據種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際情況(kuang)對(dui)稅收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)進(jin)行(xing)調整，讓企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)輕裝上陣。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)尤(you)其是(shi)蔬菜(cai)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)季(ji)節(jie)性用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)現(xian)象，即播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)獲季(ji)節(jie)需要(yao)大(da)(da)量(liang)、短期勞(lao)動力(li)，公司一般(ban)按(an)照勞(lao)務費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)結算。目(mu)前稅收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)是(shi)超(chao)過(guo)每月800元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)務費(fei)需要(yao)繳納20%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所得稅，而勞(lao)動力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)均工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)一般(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)150元(yuan)(yuan)/天，企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)季(ji)節(jie)需要(yao)繳納大(da)(da)量(liang)稅收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)，負擔很重。應將(jiang)稅收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)繳費(fei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)數提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)到(dao)5000元(yuan)(yuan)，與(yu)(yu)個人所得稅一樣(yang)對(dui)待(dai)。完(wan)善(shan)(shan)制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)制(zhi)度(du)。當前，制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)率低，一是(shi)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)損失(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)不明確(que)(que)，測產(chan)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)與(yu)(yu)造成(cheng)損失(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一個時(shi)(shi)間(jian)差，難以(yi)精準(zhun)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)損失(shi)(shi)(shi)；二是(shi)制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)過(guo)程專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)強、技術要(yao)求高(gao)(gao)，理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)工(gong)作人員(yuan)對(dui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不了(le)(le)解(jie)，會出現(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)責任、損失(shi)(shi)(shi)認定(ding)(ding)不準(zhun)確(que)(que)等問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。大(da)(da)家認為，應完(wan)善(shan)(shan)制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)制(zhi)度(du)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)過(guo)程中(zhong)，由地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管理(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)門以(yi)第三方(fang)身份介(jie)入，協助確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)實際損失(shi)(shi)(shi)、確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)數額，以(yi)解(jie)決制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)率低（賠(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)額基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本是(shi)損失(shi)(shi)(shi)額的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)40-50%）、難以(yi)彌補(bu)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)損失(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。

      （三）完善種業管理體系

      要理(li)(li)順種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業管(guan)理(li)(li)體系，健全管(guan)理(li)(li)主(zhu)體，建立上(shang)下暢通的管(guan)理(li)(li)模式。據江蘇省(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子管(guan)理(li)(li)部(bu)門(men)反映，機(ji)構(gou)(gou)改革后(hou)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業管(guan)理(li)(li)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)自(zi)市級以(yi)下出(chu)現(xian)(xian)斷層，原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子站(zhan)或(huo)劃歸種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業科或(huo)劃歸綜合執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)部(bu)門(men)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業科弱(ruo)化了(le)技(ji)術(shu)管(guan)理(li)(li)職能(neng)，取消了(le)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)推廣、技(ji)術(shu)示范等(deng)公益性(xing)職能(neng)；綜合執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)大隊以(yi)查(cha)處案(an)件為主(zhu)，無(wu)管(guan)理(li)(li)職能(neng)。現(xian)(xian)實(shi)中出(chu)現(xian)(xian)上(shang)級政策命令無(wu)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)落實(shi)、企業辦事無(wu)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)受理(li)(li)的問題；綜合執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)涉及(ji)多個部(bu)門(men)，一(yi)是容易出(chu)現(xian)(xian)相互推諉(wei)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，二是專業性(xing)不夠，執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)過程中容易出(chu)現(xian)(xian)誤判等(deng)問題。大家認為，要打好種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業翻(fan)身(shen)仗，需要完善種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業尤其是基層種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業管(guan)理(li)(li)體系，健全管(guan)理(li)(li)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)，強化管(guan)理(li)(li)職能(neng)，落實(shi)服務責任(ren)。

      四、如何形成適應打好種業翻身仗要求的種業企業發展格局，創造千帆競發的好陣勢，做到百舸爭流、揚帆遠航

      在調研中，大家認為，種業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)數(shu)量(liang)多與(yu)少、規模(mo)大與(yu)小(xiao)，能(neng)力(li)強與(yu)弱(ruo)具有相對性。要注重階段性特征(zheng)，在市場化發展初(chu)期，種業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)數(shu)量(liang)多、規模(mo)小(xiao)和能(neng)力(li)弱(ruo)是(shi)一個必然(ran)的過(guo)程：

      一是體制改革的成果。2000年(nian)種子法的出(chu)臺，打破了(le)國企(qi)壟斷的局面，釋放了(le)民營(ying)經濟的活力(li)，民營(ying)種業企(qi)業像雨(yu)后春筍(sun)一般成長起來(lai)。

      二是中國特色的反映。中(zhong)國(guo)幅員遼(liao)闊(kuo)，區(qu)(qu)域(yu)差距(ju)很大，需(xu)要(yao)發展適應不(bu)(bu)同(tong)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)特(te)征的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)業企業；中(zhong)國(guo)作物品(pin)(pin)類(lei)齊(qi)全，需(xu)要(yao)發展經營(ying)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)作物種(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)業企業；中(zhong)國(guo)消(xiao)費多(duo)元，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)的(de)(de)人們對農產品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)消(xiao)費需(xu)求不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，如中(zhong)國(guo)人都喜歡吃(chi)葉(xie)子菜，而葉(xie)子菜的(de)(de)生(sheng)產具有很強(qiang)的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)性特(te)征，蔬(shu)菜種(zhong)(zhong)業企業多(duo)，就是適應不(bu)(bu)同(tong)消(xiao)費需(xu)求的(de)(de)反映。

      三是企業發展的規律。在調研(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)，大家(jia)也(ye)認為，品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)培育(yu)(yu)和育(yu)(yu)繁(fan)推(tui)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)具有長(chang)期(qi)性。寧波微萌種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)從自身發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)體(ti)會(hui)到(dao)，對一(yi)個蔬菜(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)來說，在達到(dao)3000萬(wan)元經(jing)營(ying)規模前(qian)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)有研(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)動(dong)，達到(dao)5000萬(wan)元經(jing)營(ying)規模后可(ke)(ke)以有研(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)動(dong)，但(dan)也(ye)不(bu)具備能(neng)力，達到(dao)8000萬(wan)元經(jing)營(ying)規模以上(shang)才有可(ke)(ke)能(neng)開始有研(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積累，逐(zhu)步增(zeng)加研(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)投入，提升研(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)能(neng)力。對于大田(tian)作(zuo)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)需要(yao)更大的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)規模來支撐品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)。所以，目前(qian)，我(wo)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)育(yu)(yu)繁(fan)推(tui)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)，真正(zheng)有自己研(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)會(hui)太多。同時，種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)程度會(hui)向農化(hua)、植保等(deng)上(shang)下游產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)延伸，這(zhe)是(shi)國(guo)際上(shang)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)走過的(de)(de)(de)(de)路程。我(wo)國(guo)現有的(de)(de)(de)(de)育(yu)(yu)繁(fan)推(tui)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基本上(shang)還(huan)不(bu)具備向農化(hua)、植保等(deng)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)拓(tuo)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力。江蘇(su)中(zhong)江種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)正(zheng)在申請(qing)收購糧食(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務，向購買種(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)農戶回收糧食(shi)，將(jiang)糧食(shi)收購與種(zhong)(zhong)子銷售結(jie)合起(qi)來，拓(tuo)展(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈。這(zhe)是(shi)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)開端(duan)，但(dan)路程會(hui)很長(chang)。

      在調研(yan)中，大(da)(da)家(jia)(jia)(jia)還認為(wei)(wei)，當(dang)前種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發展，最稀缺的(de)(de)(de)是企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，而企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)家(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)培養(yang)具(ju)有(you)進漸性，目前基本(ben)都是“種(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)代(dai)(dai)”，很少(shao)“種(zhong)(zhong)二代(dai)(dai)”，需要“種(zhong)(zhong)三代(dai)(dai)”、“種(zhong)(zhong)四代(dai)(dai)”的(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)代(dai)(dai)傳(chuan)承培養(yang)，才有(you)可能(neng)培育出真(zhen)正意義(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，這比培育新的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)更具(ju)有(you)長期性。而兼并重組需要有(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)家(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)眼光和(he)魄(po)力。所以，大(da)(da)家(jia)(jia)(jia)認為(wei)(wei)，當(dang)前，兼并重組還不能(neng)成為(wei)(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)發展主(zhu)流，更應(ying)(ying)該注(zhu)重發揮(hui)市場競爭作用、政府監(jian)管作用、法律懲處作用、行(xing)業(ye)(ye)自律作用，創造優勝劣汰的(de)(de)(de)機制(zhi)，創造適應(ying)(ying)打(da)好種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)翻身仗要求的(de)(de)(de)千帆(fan)競發、百舸爭流、揚帆(fan)遠(yuan)航的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)群體。

附件

調研中的典型案例

      在(zai)華(hua)東地區(qu)調研(yan)過程(cheng)中，發現了在(zai)增強科研(yan)實力(li)、建立(li)科企(qi)合作(zuo)機制、明確企(qi)業(ye)發展方(fang)向(xiang)等方(fang)面的(de)典型(xing)案例(li)，為(wei)科企(qi)合作(zuo)提(ti)供了榜樣，為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)發展樹立(li)了典型(xing)，為(wei)打(da)好種(zhong)業(ye)翻(fan)身(shen)仗提(ti)供了希望。具體情況如(ru)下：

      一、上海(hai)市種(zhong)子協會關(guan)于(yu)加強(qiang)科企(qi)合作的(de)建議

      一是(shi)進一步(bu)完(wan)善科(ke)(ke)(ke)企(qi)合作(zuo)的(de)(de)制度。深化種業(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)成果(guo)權益改革推進工作(zuo)，進一步(bu)加(jia)大以(yi)企(qi)業(ye)為創新主體的(de)(de)政策支持力度；鼓勵(li)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研人員到企(qi)業(ye)入股(gu)、兼職、取薪，特別是(shi)有領導職務的(de)(de)研發人員；從制度上解決科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)成果(guo)轉(zhuan)化工作(zuo)的(de)(de)后顧之憂(you)；加(jia)大對科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)成果(guo)轉(zhuan)化工作(zuo)的(de)(de)支持，給科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)成果(guo)宣傳、推廣工作(zuo)專項經費。

      二(er)是(shi)優化(hua)(hua)產業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)研究管(guan)理。以市場(chang)為(wei)導向，減少(shao)財政支(zhi)出對科研單(dan)位從(cong)事商業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)育種工作的支(zhi)持；區別管(guan)理基礎(chu)研究和產業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)研究，加(jia)大基礎(chu)研究投入的同時，將產業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)研究推向市場(chang)；從(cong)職(zhi)稱評定(ding)方面將產業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)研究人員(yuan)引(yin)導為(wei)農業(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)推廣系列職(zhi)稱，降低文章(zhang)考核指標；鼓(gu)勵科研機(ji)(ji)構開展(zhan)稻曲病、赤(chi)霉病、機(ji)(ji)械化(hua)(hua)生產等(deng)產業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)中的共性(xing)、難點問題研究。

      三是科(ke)(ke)研(yan)項目實現從(cong)“研(yan)學產(chan)”到(dao)“產(chan)學研(yan)”。增加企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技人員在(zai)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)項目立項論證(zheng)和考核驗收(shou)過程(cheng)的(de)比例；鼓勵(li)多種形式簽訂成(cheng)果(guo)轉(zhuan)化(hua)經(jing)費(fei)，降低科(ke)(ke)研(yan)單位(wei)成(cheng)果(guo)轉(zhuan)化(hua)門檻費(fei)；強(qiang)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)目標(biao)考核、獎懲(cheng)到(dao)位(wei)；鼓勵(li)有實力的(de)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主持承擔國家級重大(da)項目。

      四是完善科(ke)企合作配套措施。科(ke)研機構成果(guo)轉(zhuan)化優先支持國內(nei)單位(wei)，明確科(ke)技成果(guo)只有(you)得(de)到應(ying)用才能推進(jin)社會(hui)進(jin)步的原則；建(jian)立(li)農業科(ke)技中文情報系統和(he)科(ke)技成果(guo)轉(zhuan)化誠(cheng)信機制(zhi)。

      二(er)、加(jia)強育(yu)種創新技術攻關，重視科研成果(guo)轉化

      調研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中發現，不少科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)單(dan)位(wei)充分發揮(hui)資源豐富、人(ren)才(cai)集中、科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實力(li)強的優(you)勢，開展技術、品(pin)種研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)發，并積極轉化(hua)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)成果。

      （一）二十年(nian)磨一劍，打(da)破(po)日本(ben)對青花菜市(shi)場(chang)的壟斷

      青(qing)(qing)花(hua)菜(cai)（西蘭花(hua)）種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質被(bei)日本(ben)壟斷(duan)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)內種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)只能(neng)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)購買獲(huo)得品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，受制于國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)。為打破青(qing)(qing)花(hua)菜(cai)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)被(bei)“卡脖子”的難題，臺(tai)(tai)州市(shi)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)科學研(yan)究院(yuan)經過(guo)(guo)(guo)近20年(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資源的搜(sou)集、自交分離(li)和(he)(he)純合(he)(he)，擁有(you)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)材料1500多(duo)份(fen)，創制出了S454、S195、S736和(he)(he)S2618-2等優異材料。每年(nian)配制雜(za)交組合(he)(he)1000多(duo)份(fen)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)田(tian)間篩選和(he)(he)多(duo)年(nian)多(duo)地試驗示(shi)范，已選育(yu)出了6個(ge)不同類(lei)型、不同熟期的‘臺(tai)(tai)綠’系(xi)列(lie)青(qing)(qing)花(hua)菜(cai)新品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，適(shi)應國(guo)(guo)(guo)內不同青(qing)(qing)花(hua)菜(cai)主產區栽(zai)培，其中4個(ge)已通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)浙(zhe)江省審定或(huo)認定。該院(yuan)與浙(zhe)江省勿忘(wang)農(nong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作，推廣(guang)臺(tai)(tai)綠系(xi)列(lie)青(qing)(qing)花(hua)菜(cai)新品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，據統計，該院(yuan)研(yan)發(fa)的品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約占(zhan)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)青(qing)(qing)花(hua)菜(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的6%、浙(zhe)江省種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的15%，臺(tai)(tai)州市(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的20%，打破了日本(ben)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)對我國(guo)(guo)(guo)青(qing)(qing)花(hua)菜(cai)市(shi)場的壟斷(duan)，支持了國(guo)(guo)(guo)內種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展，降低了農(nong)戶種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)本(ben)。

      （二）潛心研發豐成果 積極推(tui)廣促轉化

      上海師范大學育種研發(fa)團隊，重視科研成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)的轉化，積(ji)極與企業、農戶合作，促(cu)進(jin)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)推(tui)廣應用。

      1.王(wang)全華(hua)蔬菜(cai)種(zhong)源研(yan)究團隊(dui)。針對菠(bo)菜(cai)種(zhong)質資源缺(que)乏，雜交(jiao)(jiao)育種(zhong)技(ji)術(shu)落后，基(ji)(ji)因(yin)組(zu)、蛋白質組(zu)等(deng)遺(yi)傳信息匱乏，抗病(bing)(bing)、耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)熱(re)優(you)質專(zhuan)用品(pin)種(zhong)短缺(que)等(deng)突出問題，王(wang)全華(hua)教授團隊(dui)先后與(yu)美國康奈(nai)爾大學、美國農(nong)業部(bu)和(he)中國農(nong)科院(yuan)蔬菜(cai)花(hua)卉所等(deng)多家(jia)單位(wei)合作，從(cong)種(zhong)質資源創新方面入手，進行了(le)菠(bo)菜(cai)基(ji)(ji)因(yin)組(zu)數據庫平(ping)臺構建(jian)(jian)(jian)，重要(yao)(yao)農(nong)藝性(xing)狀(zhuang)及(ji)品(pin)質性(xing)狀(zhuang)相(xiang)關基(ji)(ji)因(yin)挖掘(jue)，高效育種(zhong)技(ji)術(shu)創建(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)熱(re)、抗病(bing)(bing)、低草酸、低硝酸鹽菠(bo)菜(cai)系(xi)列新品(pin)種(zhong)選育研(yan)究。研(yan)究建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)了(le)穩定菠(bo)菜(cai)強雌(ci)性(xing)系(xi)育種(zhong)技(ji)術(shu)體系(xi)，突破了(le)我國菠(bo)菜(cai)雜交(jiao)(jiao)育種(zhong)三系(xi)配套(tao)難的瓶頸問題，為菠(bo)菜(cai)雜交(jiao)(jiao)育種(zhong)提供了(le)技(ji)術(shu)支(zhi)撐；在國際(ji)上率先完成了(le)菠(bo)菜(cai)全基(ji)(ji)因(yin)組(zu)測序及(ji)注釋(shi)分析(xi)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)了(le)菠(bo)菜(cai)基(ji)(ji)因(yin)組(zu)信息平(ping)臺，注釋(shi)了(le)菠(bo)菜(cai)重要(yao)(yao)農(nong)藝性(xing)狀(zhuang)相(xiang)關基(ji)(ji)因(yin)，為加(jia)快菠(bo)菜(cai)分子標記輔(fu)助育種(zhong)和(he)提高育種(zhong)效率奠定了(le)基(ji)(ji)礎；創新耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)熱(re)、抗病(bing)(bing)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)抽薹等(deng)雌(ci)性(xing)系(xi)骨干親本，成功選育了(le)抗霜霉(mei)病(bing)(bing)、耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)熱(re)、優(you)質、高產等(deng)菠(bo)菜(cai)新品(pin)種(zhong)5個。

      王全華教授(shou)團隊(dui)將研(yan)究取得的成果積極(ji)地(di)服務于社會(hui)：助推(tui)企(qi)業(ye)的發(fa)展，先后(hou)與上(shang)海(hai)惠和(he)種(zhong)業(ye)有限公(gong)司、上(shang)海(hai)星輝蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)公(gong)司等企(qi)業(ye)合作，將選育(yu)的5個(ge)菠(bo)菜(cai)(cai)新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)進行示范推(tui)廣；積極(ji)支援西部開(kai)發(fa)助力提(ti)升(sheng)科研(yan)水(shui)平，多年來定期(qi)為青海(hai)省(sheng)農(nong)林科學院園藝所、寧夏中(zhong)青農(nong)業(ye)科技(ji)公(gong)司舉辦(ban)高(gao)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)栽培技(ji)術(shu)(shu)培訓(xun)；響(xiang)應“一(yi)帶一(yi)路”國(guo)家戰略，加強(qiang)國(guo)際合作交(jiao)流，先后(hou)與“一(yi)帶一(yi)路”沿線塞爾維亞(ya)、俄羅斯、白(bai)俄羅斯、阿爾及利亞(ya)等國(guo)家開(kai)展蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)育(yu)種(zhong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)與新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)推(tui)廣合作。

      2.黃學輝教授水(shui)稻(dao)種源研究團隊。全面發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)整(zheng)合(he)了(le)控制水(shui)稻(dao)產(chan)量、品質、抗(kang)病等復雜性狀的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)基因(yin)及其(qi)關(guan)鍵變(bian)異位(wei)點，構(gou)建(jian)了(le)迄今(jin)最全面的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)稻(dao)數量性狀基因(yin)關(guan)鍵功能(neng)變(bian)異位(wei)點圖譜。在此圖譜基礎上(shang)，黃學輝教授團隊進(jin)一步開發(fa)(fa)了(le)水(shui)稻(dao)分子導航育種程序RiceNavi，可以(yi)：提供(gong)待改良品種的(de)(de)(de)全部QTN基因(yin)型(xing)，并(bing)展示實體(ti)庫(ku)中(zhong)(zhong)具有互補等位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)種質材料；為(wei)用戶需要導入的(de)(de)(de)基因(yin)位(wei)點（1-4個）給出(chu)經(jing)濟(ji)合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)育種路線；對育種過程的(de)(de)(de)每一代，根據中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)群(qun)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)基因(yin)型(xing)挑出(chu)最有潛力的(de)(de)(de)若干后代材料。該技(ji)術(shu)已(yi)被授予(yu)國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)(fa)明專利(li)，并(bing)授權轉讓上(shang)海中(zhong)(zhong)科荃銀分子育種技(ji)術(shu)有限公司。

      黃學輝教授(shou)團(tuan)隊將RiceNavi應用于常(chang)規(gui)稻主栽品種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)改良(liang)，借助于該(gai)技術的(de)選配(pei)指導(dao)和路線優(you)化，僅用兩(liang)年半時間實現(xian)了既定育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)目(mu)標，獲(huo)得(de)了株型緊(jin)湊、生育(yu)期略短、有香味(wei)的(de)水稻新品種(zhong)(zhong)“導(dao)航1號”，可作(zuo)為常(chang)規(gui)稻使用或三(san)系恢(hui)復(fu)系進行配(pei)組(zu)。該(gai)品種(zhong)(zhong)目(mu)前已授(shou)權轉讓給上海中(zhong)科荃(quan)銀分子(zi)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)技術有限公司。

      三、積極探索科(ke)企合(he)作(zuo)機制，實(shi)現優勢互補

      （一）政府(fu)制作(zuo)“定心(xin)丸”，助力科(ke)企合(he)作(zuo)

      2012年浙(zhe)江(jiang)省寧(ning)波(bo)市(shi)政(zheng)府出臺了(le)(le)〔2012〕79號專(zhuan)(zhuan)題會(hui)議紀(ji)要，明確提出了(le)(le)“甬優系(xi)列(lie)雜交(jiao)水稻種子(zi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)經營人員實行(xing)長期(qi)委派制(zhi)度(du)，由市(shi)農業局和(he)市(shi)農科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)院(yuan)(yuan)委派以王曉燕和(he)馬榮榮為(wei)首的(de)業務骨干分別組成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)司(si)經營團隊(dui)(dui)和(he)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)團隊(dui)(dui)”；2019年出臺了(le)(le)《寧(ning)波(bo)市(shi)人民政(zheng)府關于寧(ning)波(bo)市(shi)農科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)院(yuan)(yuan)“甬優”系(xi)列(lie)雜交(jiao)水稻科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技成(cheng)果轉(zhuan)化股(gu)(gu)(gu)權獎勵分配方案的(de)批復(fu)》（甬政(zheng)發〔2019〕22號），據此，公(gong)(gong)司(si)股(gu)(gu)(gu)份制(zhi)改造后，研(yan)(yan)發團隊(dui)(dui)持(chi)股(gu)(gu)(gu)25.87%。公(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)核(he)心研(yan)(yan)發團隊(dui)(dui)，既保留了(le)(le)寧(ning)波(bo)市(shi)農科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)編制(zhi)，又得到公(gong)(gong)司(si)較高的(de)福利待遇，并且擁有股(gu)(gu)(gu)權和(he)分紅，極大提高了(le)(le)員工積極性，推動了(le)(le)企業的(de)發展。寧(ning)波(bo)市(shi)農科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)院(yuan)(yuan)與寧(ning)波(bo)種業公(gong)(gong)司(si)實現了(le)(le)股(gu)(gu)(gu)份制(zhi)、合(he)(he)作制(zhi)和(he)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業制(zhi)的(de)合(he)(he)作模(mo)式(shi)，建立了(le)(le)穩定有效的(de)合(he)(he)作關系(xi)。

      （二）積極(ji)探索科企合作機(ji)制(zhi)，吸引(yin)科研力量加入企業

      上海(hai)農科種(zhong)(zhong)子種(zhong)(zhong)苗有(you)限公(gong)(gong)司（以下(xia)簡稱“農科公(gong)(gong)司”）成立于2000年，在公(gong)(gong)司規模(mo)小、研發能力(li)(li)弱、資(zi)源和人(ren)才(cai)不(bu)足、產品(pin)競(jing)爭力(li)(li)不(bu)夠強的情(qing)況下(xia)，發揮企業(ye)機制優勢(shi)，利用上海(hai)市(shi)農業(ye)科學院科技與創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)資(zi)源以及多元化人(ren)才(cai)優勢(shi)，在科研能力(li)(li)轉化為企業(ye)的創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)優勢(shi)、增(zeng)強企業(ye)科研團隊(dui)科創(chuang)(chuang)實力(li)(li)和核心競(jing)爭力(li)(li)、構建商業(ye)化育種(zhong)(zhong)體系方面，做了多種(zhong)(zhong)嘗試。

      1.吸引科研人員進入企業直接參與科研。充分利用國家、上海市和上海市農業科學院科技人員兼職兼薪政策，吸引科技人員到公司參與研發工作，其事業身份不變，更好的利用了現有科研資源。在育種過程中，公司營銷人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)將市場(chang)的(de)(de)實際需求(qiu)反饋給(gei)科技(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)，科技(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)不斷調整育(yu)種(zhong)目標，選育(yu)出符合(he)市場(chang)需求(qiu)的(de)(de)新品種(zhong)。公司在研發初期就開(kai)始(shi)介入，隨時跟進研發進程，銷售人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)掌握品種(zhong)生長習(xi)性和栽培方法，有利于向客(ke)戶提(ti)供專業的(de)(de)服務。

      2.通過產權交易平臺購買品種。公司通過上海農村產權交易所、浙江科技大市場等第三方成果轉化交易平臺，轉化包括上海農科院在內的蔬菜、水稻、玉米、油菜等作物新(xin)品種(zhong)24個，支(zhi)付(fu)成果轉化(hua)金額1383萬元。

      3.與(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)單位(wei)(wei)合作(zuo)(zuo)，共(gong)享(xiang)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)。公司通過(guo)項目(mu)合作(zuo)(zuo)或課(ke)題(ti)服(fu)務(wu)等方式同科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)單位(wei)(wei)合作(zuo)(zuo)開展商業化(hua)(hua)育種，科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)利益分(fen)享(xiang)，目(mu)前(qian)已獲得(de)國家發明和實用(yong)新(xin)型專(zhuan)利10余(yu)項。公司與(yu)(yu)上海市農業科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學院(yuan)聯合共(gong)建(jian)“農作(zuo)(zuo)物商業化(hua)(hua)育種研(yan)發平臺(tai)”，鼓勵(li)農科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)院(yuan)育種科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)人員參與(yu)(yu)平臺(tai)育種，實施科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)享(xiang)及(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)轉化(hua)(hua)收益分(fen)配機(ji)制，充分(fen)調(diao)動科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)人員積極性。

         4.出資委(wei)托定(ding)向研(yan)發(fa)。針對市(shi)場上(shang)急需優質、高產、抗病等目標性狀的網紋甜瓜(gua)新品(pin)種(zhong)，公司(si)出資50萬元委(wei)托農科(ke)院園(yuan)藝所哈(ha)密(mi)瓜(gua)課題(ti)組定(ding)向研(yan)發(fa)，所培(pei)育的成果和收益實行共享。

      四、對標國(guo)際巨頭種(zhong)企(qi)，明確企(qi)業發(fa)展目標

      （一）國(guo)內企業與國(guo)外企業的差(cha)距

      種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)挖掘(jue)與(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)創新(xin)方面(mian)(mian)。生(sheng)物(wu)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)快速發展，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)開(kai)發和(he)利用(yong)，以及與(yu)信息技術(shu)(shu)結合是(shi)北美種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)最鮮明(ming)的(de)特點(dian)和(he)核心競爭(zheng)力。德國拜耳公司(si)（孟山都）為代表(biao)的(de)企業(ye)強(qiang)調(diao)技術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)和(he)全方位解決(jue)方案，而(er)以柯(ke)迪(di)華（杜邦先(xian)鋒）為代表(biao)的(de)企業(ye)強(qiang)調(diao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)價值(zhi)的(de)深(shen)度發掘(jue)和(he)客戶服(fu)務。我國是(shi)世界上保存(cun)大(da)(da)豆(dou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)最多的(de)國家，目(mu)前保存(cun)于國家作物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)庫的(de)有3.1萬余(yu)份(fen)栽培大(da)(da)豆(dou)和(he)9600多份(fen)野(ye)生(sheng)大(da)(da)豆(dou)資源(yuan)(yuan)。與(yu)國際種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)巨頭相比，我國大(da)(da)豆(dou)在種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)研究、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)基礎理(li)論(lun)研究和(he)育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)方面(mian)(mian)仍存(cun)在較大(da)(da)差距，資源(yuan)(yuan)優(you)勢(shi)還沒有轉化為基因(yin)優(you)勢(shi)和(he)產業(ye)優(you)勢(shi)。

      研發技術方面。國外種業公司如拜耳（孟山都）、柯迪華（先鋒）等普遍擁有自主研發體系，在世界各地設立了品種研發中心，并為此付出高額研發費用。中國種業公司真正有自主研發能力的企業不超過100家，且研發投入明顯不足,大多數種業公司只能通過購買品種甚至通過侵犯他人知識產權來進行生產經營；在生物技術方面，分子標記輔助選擇、轉基因、基(ji)因編輯、全基(ji)因組(zu)選擇、智能(neng)設計育種等現代先進(jin)育種技術方面(mian)原始創新(xin)能(neng)力還有待(dai)提(ti)高。

      加工(gong)推(tui)廣(guang)方面。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)加工(gong)與(yu)推(tui)廣(guang)在我國種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈協同(tong)發(fa)展中占據重要位置。國外(wai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)公司(si)如拜(bai)耳（孟山都）、柯迪(di)華（先鋒），擁(yong)有高水平種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)加工(gong)機械與(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)處理技術(shu)，商(shang)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)的(de)精加工(gong)率達到100%。大(da)部(bu)分(fen)國內種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)企業(ye)(ye)在種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)加工(gong)推(tui)廣(guang)方面存在諸多問(wen)題，如缺乏高質量的(de)加工(gong)人才,沒有形成(cheng)統一(yi)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)技術(shu)專業(ye)(ye)研究團(tuan)隊(dui)；沒有穩(wen)定的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)繁育基地，多數是與(yu)農戶簽訂臨(lin)時性繁種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)合同(tong)方式進行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)生產(chan)；加工(gong)、推(tui)廣(guang)成(cheng)本高，成(cheng)效低等。

      產權保護與利用方面。跨國種業公司不僅充分利用全球的種質資源，還利用其自身的知識產權謀求利益的最大化。拜耳（杜邦）是轉基因種子市場的壟斷巨頭，在玉米、大豆、棉花等(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)重要作物的(de)轉基(ji)因種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)市場上，占據70%至100%的(de)份(fen)額，全(quan)世界超過(guo)90%的(de)轉基(ji)因種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，都使用它的(de)專利。國內種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)知識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護法(fa)律制度不健全(quan)，植物新品種(zhong)(zhong)侵(qin)權(quan)、不正當經營和低成本競爭，嚴重挫(cuo)傷了科研單位和正規種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)企業(ye)的(de)積(ji)極性(xing)。

      （二）對(dui)標先進，奮發有為

       山東魯研(yan)農業(ye)(ye)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)限公(gong)司（以下簡稱魯研(yan)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)）成立于1997年，是(shi)一家從事小(xiao)麥新品種(zhong)(zhong)育(yu)繁推一體化(hua)的企(qi)業(ye)(ye)。公(gong)司培育(yu)的小(xiao)麥品種(zhong)(zhong)截至目前已累計推廣超(chao)過5億畝(mu)，在山東省市(shi)場占有(you)率高達５0%以上，市(shi)場覆蓋山東、江蘇、安徽(hui)、河(he)北(bei)、河(he)南、天津、山西(xi)等(deng)7省市(shi)，是(shi)國(guo)內最具(ju)影響力的小(xiao)麥種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)專營公(gong)司。

      為做大(da)做強企(qi)業，在(zai)打贏種業翻身仗中發(fa)(fa)揮企(qi)業的主體作用(yong)，魯(lu)研(yan)種業在(zai)研(yan)發(fa)(fa)投入(ru)、科研(yan)設施、企(qi)業營(ying)業范圍、產業鏈布局(ju)等方面與國際巨頭利馬格蘭做了全方面對比，找差距補短板，制定公司(si)發(fa)(fa)展目標。

       研(yan)(yan)發(fa)投(tou)入：魯(lu)(lu)研(yan)(yan)公(gong)司(si)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)依靠與山東省農(nong)(nong)科院開展(zhan)商業(ye)化育(yu)種(zhong)合作，產研(yan)(yan)結合，合作共(gong)贏，2019年科研(yan)(yan)投(tou)入共(gong)計(ji)957.3萬元，占(zhan)銷售(shou)收入6.77%；利(li)馬格(ge)蘭有自己的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)力量，研(yan)(yan)發(fa)投(tou)入占(zhan)到(dao)了專業(ye)銷售(shou)額的(de)(de)13%。科研(yan)(yan)設施(shi)：魯(lu)(lu)研(yan)(yan)公(gong)司(si)在山東濟(ji)南、德州、濟(ji)寧、安徽鳳陽(yang)等地(di)建(jian)有研(yan)(yan)發(fa)中(zhong)心和(he)試驗基地(di)，并(bing)配有一定的(de)(de)試驗設施(shi)；利(li)馬格(ge)蘭全(quan)球布局試驗站，并(bing)且基地(di)規模(mo)、配套(tao)設施(shi)和(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)機械等方面(mian)都展(zhan)現(xian)出明(ming)顯優勢(shi)。企業(ye)營(ying)收：魯(lu)(lu)研(yan)(yan)公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)營(ying)收主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)來源于原(yuan)種(zhong)、良種(zhong)銷售(shou)和(he)品(pin)種(zhong)權授權；利(li)馬格(ge)蘭，除(chu)小麥種(zhong)子還對特定的(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)使(shi)用授權收取費(fei)用。產業(ye)鏈(lian)布局：魯(lu)(lu)研(yan)(yan)公(gong)司(si)集(ji)中(zhong)在原(yuan)種(zhong)、良種(zhong)的(de)(de)繁育(yu)銷售(shou)，以及優質專用小麥商品(pin)糧(liang)銷售(shou)；利(li)馬格(ge)蘭種(zhong)業(ye)不僅進行(xing)種(zhong)子經營(ying)，還延伸到(dao)了小麥面(mian)粉加(jia)工和(he)食品(pin)加(jia)工銷售(shou)等環節。

      魯(lu)(lu)研公司(si)發展目標：根據國(guo)家振興民族種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)、打好種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)翻身仗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部署，以(yi)山(shan)東省小麥(mai)(mai)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)創新(xin)中心建(jian)設(she)(she)為契(qi)機，力(li)爭用5～10年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間成(cheng)長為可(ke)以(yi)與歐美先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)小麥(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)公司(si)全面抗衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)技(ji)創新(xin)型種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)公司(si)。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)組建(jian)一(yi)支(zhi)由院士牽(qian)頭(tou)、國(guo)內(nei)知名(ming)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)家為主體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小麥(mai)(mai)商(shang)業(ye)化育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)團(tuan)隊，研發團(tuan)隊實力(li)達(da)(da)到國(guo)內(nei)領先(xian)(xian)水(shui)平(ping)；二是(shi)(shi)聯(lian)合山(shan)東省內(nei)小麥(mai)(mai)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)優(you)勢單位，建(jian)立以(yi)魯(lu)(lu)研公司(si)為主體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高效育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)平(ping)臺，試驗基地(di)和(he)配(pei)套設(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)達(da)(da)到國(guo)際先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)平(ping)；三是(shi)(shi)廣(guang)泛(fan)利(li)用國(guo)內(nei)外優(you)異(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，育(yu)(yu)成(cheng)一(yi)批(pi)具有(you)遺傳新(xin)穎性，高產(chan)(chan)、廣(guang)適、優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、多抗突破(po)性新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；四(si)是(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)完善推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)服務網(wang)絡體系(xi)，提(ti)(ti)高公司(si)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)覆蓋區(qu)域和(he)占有(you)比例(li)；五是(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)完善原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)銷售和(he)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)授權體系(xi)，探索搭建(jian)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)商(shang)品(pin)糧種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)和(he)收(shou)(shou)售體系(xi)，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)收(shou)(shou)規模(mo)，力(li)爭5年后公司(si)銷售收(shou)(shou)入達(da)(da)到10億元(yuan)；六是(shi)(shi)依(yi)托公司(si)現有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)研、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)等優(you)勢，通(tong)過并購、合作等形式探索小麥(mai)(mai)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)延(yan)伸，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)公司(si)在小麥(mai)(mai)全產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭優(you)勢。

 附件2

中國種子協會2021年種子企業情況調研報告之二

    ;  2021年9月，中國種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)協(xie)會華東調(diao)研組(zu)前往江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)，繼續(xu)調(diao)研種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，了解(jie)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)經營中的優(you)勢和(he)(he)困難(nan)、對種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)振興的意(yi)見(jian)和(he)(he)建(jian)議。通過與江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)村廳種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處、江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)服(fu)務中心(xin)、江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)協(xie)會、3家(jia)科(ke)研單位、10家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)座談，前往1家(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實地考察，我(wo)們了解(jie)到，江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)發展(zhan)(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有著(zhu)資源(yuan)、基地、品牌、政策等(deng)(deng)優(you)勢，在(zai)(zai)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)實力、自(zi)主研發、基地建(jian)設(she)、融資渠道(dao)等(deng)(deng)方面存在(zai)(zai)短(duan)(duan)板，也感受到江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)在(zai)(zai)“打好(hao)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)翻(fan)身仗”中顯示(shi)出(chu)來的強優(you)勢、補短(duan)(duan)板的行動和(he)(he)信心(xin)。現將有關(guan)情(qing)況報(bao)告(gao)如(ru)下：

      一、水稻種業發展優勢突出

      一是稻米資源得天獨厚。1976年在江西省撫州市東(dong)鄉區發(fa)(fa)現的(de)(de)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)稻(dao)被(bei)譽為“植物界的(de)(de)大(da)熊貓”，是(shi)迄(qi)今為止發(fa)(fa)現的(de)(de)緯度最高、分(fen)布最靠北(bei)的(de)(de)普通野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)稻(dao)，蘊含(han)豐富的(de)(de)抗(kang)病蟲害基(ji)因和抗(kang)寒、耐(nai)冷、耐(nai)旱、耐(nai)瘠基(ji)因，是(shi)稀有(you)的(de)(de)優質(zhi)稻(dao)種，具有(you)相當(dang)大(da)的(de)(de)研(yan)究和利(li)用(yong)價值(zhi)，有(you)利(li)于研(yan)發(fa)(fa)高產、優質(zhi)、抗(kang)逆性的(de)(de)新品種，有(you)利(li)于轉化為具有(you)市場競爭(zheng)力的(de)(de)產品。

      二是南繁育種亮點突出。推進機制(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)(ji)本形成(cheng)。制(zhi)(zhi)定出臺《關于(yu)加快(kuai)推進現(xian)代(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業發(fa)展的(de)實施意見》，對南(nan)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)進行謀(mou)篇布局；成(cheng)立由省(sheng)(sheng)政府副(fu)秘書(shu)長為召(zhao)集(ji)人(ren)的(de)省(sheng)(sheng)南(nan)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)工作(zuo)聯系會議制(zhi)(zhi)度，統籌協調解決南(nan)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)重大事宜，并(bing)將南(nan)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)工作(zuo)納入(ru)糧食安全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)長責任制(zhi)(zhi)考(kao)核。運(yun)作(zuo)模式逐步(bu)成(cheng)型。以(yi)(yi)省(sheng)(sheng)為單位統一建(jian)設(she)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)，創(chuang)新(xin)提(ti)出“政府主導(dao)、企業參與、政策(ce)支(zhi)持(chi)、市場運(yun)作(zuo)”建(jian)設(she)運(yun)作(zuo)模式。基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)作(zuo)用更加凸顯。率(lv)先(xian)在全(quan)國(guo)建(jian)立南(nan)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)水稻(dao)(dao)新(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)展示基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)，年(nian)(nian)展示水稻(dao)(dao)優勢新(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)200個左(zuo)右，起到了(le)交流借鑒、共同提(ti)高的(de)作(zuo)用。育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)碩果累(lei)(lei)累(lei)(lei)。年(nian)(nian)均選育(yu)(yu)新(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在15個以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，產出效益達2億元(yuan)左(zuo)右；培育(yu)(yu)了(le)一批如雜交水稻(dao)(dao)不育(yu)(yu)系“珍汕97A”等(deng)處(chu)于(yu)全(quan)國(guo)優先(xian)地(di)(di)位的(de)優良品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；年(nian)(nian)南(nan)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)制(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面積(ji)穩(wen)定在10萬畝以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，高峰時(shi)期在海南(nan)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面積(ji)可(ke)達20萬畝。南(nan)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)精神洋溢沃野。江西自上(shang)世紀(ji)70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)開始(shi)在海南(nan)從事育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工作(zuo)，走(zou)出了(le)以(yi)(yi)顏龍(long)安院士為代(dai)表的(de)一批育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)專家，蘊育(yu)(yu)出了(le)“艱苦卓(zhuo)絕、拼搏(bo)進取、創(chuang)新(xin)創(chuang)業、求真務實”的(de)南(nan)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)精神，并(bing)在海南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)無(wu)限的(de)沃野中，不斷煥發(fa)活(huo)力(li)。

      三是優質稻品牌效應初顯。江(jiang)西省種(zhong)子(zi)企業潛心研發優質(zhi)稻(dao)米新品(pin)種(zhong)，生產出一(yi)批(pi)在國內市(shi)場具有很(hen)高知名度的(de)(de)產品(pin)。如紅一(yi)種(zhong)業自主選育的(de)(de)優質(zhi)稻(dao)品(pin)種(zhong)“萬象(xiang)優982”先后在2019、2020兩屆全國優質(zhi)稻(dao)品(pin)種(zhong)食味品(pin)質(zhi)鑒評(ping)中被評(ping)為(wei)金獎；江(jiang)西興安種(zhong)業有限公司與(yu)寧波農科院合作的(de)(de)秈(xian)粳雜交甬優1538是江(jiang)西省“秈(xian)改梗”主推品(pin)種(zhong)，甬優系(xi)列品(pin)種(zhong)年推廣(guang)面積120萬畝，已(yi)累(lei)計推廣(guang)600多萬畝。

      四是產業鏈條不斷延伸。江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在經營(ying)中(zhong)不(bu)斷摸索，提(ti)(ti)高服務能(neng)力和服務水平(ping)。如江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)現代種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)股份(fen)有(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司，參加中(zhong)農集(ji)團(tuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)控股有(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司組織的(de)(de)中(zhong)國融(rong)(rong)資服務中(zhong)心，承(cheng)擔(dan)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)推(tui)廣、管理等(deng)服務，中(zhong)心其(qi)他參與公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司提(ti)(ti)供品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)研發、資金、糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食收購等(deng)環節(jie)，共同融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)了(le)稻(dao)米(mi)(mi)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)全環節(jie)，提(ti)(ti)供農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)綜合(he)(he)(he)服務；江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)天涯(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司成立天涯(ya)(ya)米(mi)(mi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，與中(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)集(ji)團(tuan)合(he)(he)(he)作，為農戶(hu)賣(mai)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)搭建銷售平(ping)臺，確保優質優價，解(jie)決種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大戶(hu)賣(mai)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)難(nan)、糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)價低的(de)(de)問題(ti)；江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)紅(hong)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科技(ji)有(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司和江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)興(xing)安種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司組建米(mi)(mi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司，從事糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植、收購、倉儲、加工、銷售等(deng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務活動(dong)，融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)了(le)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子研發到(dao)稻(dao)米(mi)(mi)銷售的(de)(de)全環節(jie)，實現從實驗室到(dao)餐桌(zhuo)的(de)(de)全產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈發展；江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)科源種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司與“谷田好糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)”、“隆(long)平(ping)好糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)”兩大糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食產(chan)銷運營(ying)平(ping)臺開展戰略合(he)(he)(he)作，為種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大戶(hu)銷售本企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)承(cheng)擔(dan)服務費用。

      五是財政支持精準有力。自2019年以來，江西省已落實省級財政資金1.4億余元，用于農作物新品種區試展示、水稻品種審后獎補、南繁科研基地和良繁基地建設等。按照每個國審品(pin)種(zhong)50萬、省審品(pin)種(zhong)20萬的標準，已向種(zhong)子企業(ye)累計(ji)發放農(nong)作物(wu)品(pin)種(zhong)審定后補資金(jin)1430萬元。2021年(nian)3月成立了江西省興贛種(zhong)業(ye)發展基金(jin)，基金(jin)總規模3.01億元，其中安排(pai)了5000萬元水(shui)稻育(yu)種(zhong)科技研發專項，開(kai)展綠色優質水(shui)稻育(yu)種(zhong)新材料創制、突破性品(pin)種(zhong)選育(yu)攻關。

      二、種業發展短板明顯

      一是企業發展實力不足。缺乏大型企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)。江西(xi)省種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)實(shi)力不(bu)強(qiang)，缺乏種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)龍(long)頭(tou)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)，根(gen)據(ju)工業(ye)和信(xin)息化部(bu)、國家(jia)統計局、國家(jia)發(fa)展改革委、財政(zheng)部(bu)《關于(yu)印發(fa)中小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)劃型標準(zhun)規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)通知(zhi)》(工信(xin)部(bu)聯(lian)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)〔2011〕300號)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)，參(can)加調研的(de)(de)(de)(de)10家(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)，都屬于(yu)中小(xiao)型企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)；銷(xiao)售收(shou)入(ru)不(bu)高。參(can)加調研的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)銷(xiao)售收(shou)入(ru)超過1億元的(de)(de)(de)(de)只有(you)2家(jia)，部(bu)分企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銷(xiao)售收(shou)入(ru)還(huan)存在著下滑趨勢。研發(fa)經費不(bu)足。全(quan)省正常運行分子育種(zhong)(zhong)實(shi)驗室的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)只有(you)1家(jia)，調研企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)中，年研發(fa)投入(ru)平(ping)均500萬左右(you)，研發(fa)投入(ru)超過銷(xiao)售額10%的(de)(de)(de)(de)僅有(you)3家(jia)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)。利(li)潤空間縮小(xiao)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)運行中的(de)(de)(de)(de)人力成本、管理成本不(bu)斷(duan)提高，科(ke)研投入(ru)不(bu)斷(duan)增加，但激(ji)烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場競爭(zheng)又(you)壓(ya)低了產(chan)品(pin)銷(xiao)售價格，公司(si)利(li)潤率不(bu)斷(duan)降低。

      二是企業科研力量薄弱。農(nong)業工作地(di)點較(jiao)偏(pian)，條件艱(jian)苦，相對于其(qi)他職(zhi)業，吸引(yin)力不(bu)強，農(nong)業院校從事農(nong)業工作的(de)畢業生不(bu)足(zu)三分之一(yi)，整個農(nong)業領域青年科研(yan)(yan)人(ren)員較(jiao)少(shao)，后續不(bu)足(zu)，科研(yan)(yan)團隊(dui)出(chu)現斷層(ceng)；企(qi)業相對于政府機(ji)關(guan)和事業單位，穩定性差，發展前景不(bu)明(ming)朗，科研(yan)(yan)基礎差（種(zhong)質資源少(shao)、研(yan)(yan)發經驗積(ji)累不(bu)足(zu)、經費無保障、交流平臺低），社會地(di)位低，企(qi)業很(hen)難(nan)引(yin)入高層(ceng)次育種(zhong)人(ren)才，即使成功引(yin)進，因(yin)上述原因(yin)，也難(nan)以留住人(ren)才。

      三是企業基地多處受制。制(zhi)種(zhong)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)分散。農(nong)作物(wu)制(zhi)種(zhong)要(yao)求基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)相對集中連片，但目前育種(zhong)、制(zhi)種(zhong)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)多為小(xiao)、弱、散、穩定性差，難(nan)以達(da)到制(zhi)種(zhong)的(de)要(yao)求。配套設(she)(she)施(shi)薄(bo)弱。基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)種(zhong)子烘干、加工精選、包裝等(deng)設(she)(she)備滯后，影(ying)響種(zhong)子的(de)生產質量。基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)(she)有困難(nan)。有的(de)公司基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)靠近旅游區，需保持地(di)(di)(di)面原貌(mao)，提升基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)水平的(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)請(qing)求難(nan)獲(huo)得批準(zhun)；基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)管理(li)涉及多個部(bu)門(men)，國土資源部(bu)門(men)不允許在基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)修建(jian)建(jian)筑設(she)(she)施(shi)，如道路(lu)、倉庫等(deng)，影(ying)響了現(xian)代制(zhi)種(zhong)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)現(xian)代化、高(gao)水平建(jian)設(she)(she)。

      四是企業發展資金缺乏。自(zi)有(you)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)不(bu)能(neng)滿足發展(zhan)需(xu)求(qiu)。種業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)育種研(yan)發、人才引進、購(gou)買設備等需(xu)要大量資(zi)(zi)金(jin)，而(er)江西省種業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)規模不(bu)大，僅靠企業(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)身(shen)積(ji)累十分困難。融(rong)資(zi)(zi)渠道少。銀(yin)行貸(dai)款(kuan)手續繁瑣，審批周期長；缺少適合種業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的貸(dai)款(kuan)品種：銀(yin)行貸(dai)款(kuan)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)以一(yi)(yi)年為(wei)一(yi)(yi)個周期，而(er)種企僅在(zai)種子收購(gou)的幾(ji)個月內需(xu)要流轉資(zi)(zi)金(jin)；擔(dan)保物少，銀(yin)行貸(dai)款(kuan)往(wang)往(wang)要求(qiu)提供擔(dan)保，但種業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)無建筑物等固定(ding)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)，設備價值不(bu)高(gao)，品種價格不(bu)確(que)定(ding)性大，品種權無權威(wei)第三方評(ping)估機構；種業(ye)(ye)(ye)基金(jin)公司的投資(zi)(zi)往(wang)往(wang)有(you)回報率(lv)的要求(qiu)，對種業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的投資(zi)(zi)尤其是(shi)中(zhong)小企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的投資(zi)(zi)比較謹(jin)慎；社會資(zi)(zi)本的進入一(yi)(yi)般(ban)會選(xuan)擇(ze)規模大、發展(zhan)勢頭好(hao)的企業(ye)(ye)(ye)，另外會有(you)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)控制權、企業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)戰略等問題，對中(zhong)小企業(ye)(ye)(ye)來說，并不(bu)是(shi)特別好(hao)的選(xuan)擇(ze)。

      三、強優勢、補短板，種業振興行動穩步推進

      江西省種業(ye)的(de)發(fa)展，一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)要鞏固(gu)現有的(de)優勢(shi)基礎(chu)，一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)要政府、企業(ye)共同發(fa)力，彌補(bu)不足(zu)。

      一是持續完善組織機構。不斷完善(shan)由(you)分管(guan)副省長任組(zu)長的(de)現代種業(ye)發(fa)展工作領導(dao)小(xiao)組(zu)、由(you)行政機構、科研單位、協(xie)會人員組(zu)建的(de)種業(ye)振(zhen)興專班，發(fa)揮(hui)政府在種業(ye)振(zhen)興中的(de)指(zhi)導(dao)作用(yong)。

      二是繼續制定支持政策。江西(xi)省針(zhen)對本(ben)省種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)企(qi)實(shi)力(li)不強、創(chuang)新不足等短板，在原有政策的基(ji)礎上，又制定了《關(guan)于加(jia)快推進(jin)現代種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展實(shi)施意見(jian)》，圍繞現代種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)創(chuang)新發(fa)展，重點組織開(kai)展“種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資(zi)源(yuan)保護利用、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)自主創(chuang)新、良繁(fan)基(ji)地(di)擴面提質、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主體培優、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)監(jian)管服(fu)務提升(sheng)”五(wu)大行動(dong)，即將在以(yi)下幾方面發(fa)力(li)：開(kai)展農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資(zi)源(yuan)普查收集、登記共享、保護監(jian)測、鑒(jian)定發(fa)掘(jue)、監(jian)管服(fu)務，建立(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)創(chuang)新平臺，加(jia)強種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技術研發(fa)攻關(guan)，建設南繁(fan)科研育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)地(di)、鞏固提升(sheng)農作物制（繁(fan)）種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)地(di)，推動(dong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)創(chuang)新成(cheng)果轉化(hua)，做強種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)領航(hang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、做優種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)特色企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、做精專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)平臺企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，提升(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)治理服(fu)務能力(li)。

      三是提升南繁基地建設。江西(xi)省(sheng)的南繁(fan)(fan)工(gong)作為種業發展作出了(le)貢獻，為中國水稻南繁(fan)(fan)制(zhi)種樹立了(le)一面旗幟，也(ye)將在種業創新中扮演更重要角(jiao)色，但(dan)存(cun)在土地集中連片率不(bu)高、田(tian)間基礎設(she)施條件差、工(gong)作生活設(she)施不(bu)配套等(deng)困難(nan)，需要加強南繁(fan)(fan)基地建設(she)。江西(xi)省(sheng)經濟實力較弱(ruo)，僅靠該省(sheng)解決(jue)有困難(nan)，希望國家對江西(xi)省(sheng)的南繁(fan)(fan)制(zhi)種工(gong)作在南繁(fan)(fan)科研人才、制(zhi)種獎勵政策、科技(ji)成果轉化等(deng)方面給予專(zhuan)項支持。

      四是出臺專項扶持政策。中(zhong)(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在融資、基(ji)地(di)、研(yan)發(fa)、人(ren)才等方(fang)面(mian)處(chu)于弱勢(shi)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)應采(cai)取措施，支持(chi)有(you)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)潛力的(de)特(te)色(se)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，補(bu)足(zu)中(zhong)(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)短(duan)板。設立專項融資平臺(tai)。國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)和省級政(zheng)府(fu)應建立種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)專項融資平臺(tai)，加大對種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科研(yan)、生產(chan)基(ji)地(di)設施的(de)項目(mu)投入，支持(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)科研(yan)育(yu)種(zhong)及人(ren)才引(yin)進培養，解決(jue)種(zhong)企(qi)流動資金不足(zu)問題。設計特(te)定政(zheng)府(fu)項目(mu)。中(zhong)(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實力不強，難(nan)以參與國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)重點項目(mu)，但在做精做專特(te)色(se)化發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)面(mian)有(you)獨特(te)優勢(shi)，能夠(gou)滿足(zu)群眾生活多樣(yang)性需要，應從國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)層面(mian)設立針對中(zhong)(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)專門項目(mu)，提高企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)育(yu)種(zhong)研(yan)發(fa)能力。

      五是研發特色產品。企業要對種(zhong)(zhong)業市場(chang)進行(xing)深(shen)度(du)分析，根據市場(chang)需求(qiu)，結合本地資源特(te)色，研發(fa)適宜品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，提升市場(chang)競(jing)爭力(li)(li)。如江(jiang)西先農(nong)種(zhong)(zhong)業有限公司開發(fa)，針對勞(lao)動力(li)(li)成本提高、勞(lao)動力(li)(li)年(nian)老化等現狀(zhuang)，研發(fa)出以(yi)產量(liang)為基(ji)礎、栽(zai)培輕簡化種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)；江(jiang)西大家族種(zhong)(zhong)業針對秋冬(dong)辣椒(jiao)收(shou)(shou)購價格(ge)浮(fu)動大的(de)現象，研發(fa)辣椒(jiao)新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，可以(yi)在植(zhi)(zhi)株上過冬(dong)并保(bao)持質(zhi)量(liang)不變(bian)，減少價格(ge)浮(fu)動對農(nong)民收(shou)(shou)益的(de)影(ying)響，大幅度(du)提高農(nong)民收(shou)(shou)入水平。

附件3

中國種子協會2021年種子企業情況調研報告之三

——大(da)北農集團(tuan)種(zhong)業創新情況(kuang)調(diao)研(yan)

      為了(le)貫徹中央全面深化改革委員會(hui)(hui)第(di)二十次(ci)會(hui)(hui)議精神，了(le)解(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)參與振興行動情(qing)況，2021年，中國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)子協會(hui)(hui)組織開展了(le)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)調(diao)(diao)研活(huo)動。大北農(nong)集(ji)團作為生(sheng)物育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)水平(ping)較(jiao)高的民營企業(ye)(ye)，在(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)技創(chuang)新上有典型(xing)代表(biao)意義(yi)，11月5日，協會(hui)(hui)集(ji)體赴大北農(nong)集(ji)團開展了(le)專題(ti)調(diao)(diao)研。現將調(diao)(diao)研報告如下：

      一、大北農種業創新成果豐碩

      大(da)(da)(da)北(bei)農(nong)集團成立于1993年，已(yi)在(zai)深交所主板(ban)上(shang)市，種(zhong)業(ye)發(fa)展起步于2001年。目前大(da)(da)(da)北(bei)農(nong)種(zhong)業(ye)擁有金(jin)色(se)農(nong)華（水(shui)稻(dao)）、金(jin)色(se)豐(feng)度（玉(yu)(yu)米）、大(da)(da)(da)北(bei)農(nong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)等12家控股公司，建(jian)立了(le)(le)商業(ye)化(hua)(hua)育種(zhong)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，形(xing)(xing)成了(le)(le)一批創(chuang)新成果。在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)專(zhuan)利(li)上(shang)，轉(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)抗蟲耐除(chu)草(cao)劑玉(yu)(yu)米和(he)(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)豆產品(pin)(pin)已(yi)通過ETS和(he)(he)(he)ISO9000雙重(zhong)認(ren)證，累(lei)計獲得(de)(de)國內發(fa)明(ming)專(zhuan)利(li)93件，國際(ji)發(fa)明(ming)專(zhuan)利(li)26件。在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)育種(zhong)應用上(shang)，轉(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)玉(yu)(yu)米轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)體(ti)(ti)“DBN9936”、“DBN9858”、“DBN9501”等獲得(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)轉(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)安全證書(shu)，其中(zhong)抗蟲耐除(chu)草(cao)劑轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)體(ti)(ti)“DBN9501”高抗草(cao)地貪夜蛾。抗除(chu)草(cao)劑大(da)(da)(da)豆轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)體(ti)(ti)“DBN9004”于2019年獲得(de)(de)阿根廷種(zhong)植(zhi)許可(ke)，2020年獲得(de)(de)我國農(nong)業(ye)轉(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)安全證書(shu)和(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)國進口許可(ke)。在(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)審定(ding)和(he)(he)(he)保護上(shang)，選育國審品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)119個(ge)（水(shui)稻(dao)72個(ge)、玉(yu)(yu)米47個(ge)），獲得(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)權213件（水(shui)稻(dao)102個(ge)、玉(yu)(yu)米111個(ge)），部(bu)分新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)權為(wei)(wei)不育系(xi)(xi)、自交系(xi)(xi)等育種(zhong)資源(yuan)。在(zai)育種(zhong)基(ji)礎平(ping)臺(tai)建(jian)設上(shang)，大(da)(da)(da)北(bei)農(nong)種(zhong)業(ye)以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)為(wei)(wei)核心，以(yi)玉(yu)(yu)米、大(da)(da)(da)豆等作物(wu)為(wei)(wei)突(tu)(tu)破口，目前已(yi)形(xing)(xing)成功能(neng)較為(wei)(wei)完(wan)備的產品(pin)(pin)開發(fa)平(ping)臺(tai)、性狀篩選體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)及法規科學平(ping)臺(tai)，為(wei)(wei)進一步做(zuo)強轉(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)，突(tu)(tu)破基(ji)因(yin)編輯技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)，利(li)用全基(ji)因(yin)組(zu)選擇(ze)、大(da)(da)(da)數據(ju)、人工智能(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)，構(gou)建(jian)新型(xing)高效(xiao)的商業(ye)化(hua)(hua)工程(cheng)育種(zhong)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)奠定(ding)了(le)(le)基(ji)礎。

      二、大北農種業創新動力持續

      充足的經費投(tou)入。大北農種(zhong)業十(shi)年(nian)研發累計(ji)投(tou)入16.1億元，其中生(sheng)物技術研發投(tou)入9億元；常規(gui)育種(zhong)投(tou)入7.1億元，4.6億元用于(yu)玉米，2.5億元用于(yu)水稻，占玉米和水稻種(zhong)子銷售收入的10%以上。穩定(ding)充足的投(tou)入保證了研發體系的運行，堅持到成果產出。

      共享(xiang)(xiang)的(de)利(li)益(yi)機制。大(da)北農生物技術公司實施持(chi)股(gu)(gu)分享(xiang)(xiang)機制，采(cai)用員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)自愿入股(gu)(gu)和集團代為出資的(de)模式(shi)，激發員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)付(fu)出智慧，飽含熱情，勤奮工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。通過共享(xiang)(xiang)的(de)利(li)益(yi)機制將員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和公司組(zu)成財富共同體，實現共同富裕，最大(da)限度調動了員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)積(ji)極性。

      先(xian)進(jin)的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)理(li)念。大(da)(da)北農有“肩負(fu)報國(guo)興農偉(wei)大(da)(da)使(shi)命，為創建(jian)世(shi)界級(ji)農業科(ke)技(ji)(ji)企業而努力奮斗”的(de)(de)誓詞，有“愿(yuan)用全部的(de)(de)熱情(qing)、精(jing)力和智慧投入工作”的(de)(de)宣言，有“腦里想著爭(zheng)創第一的(de)(de)目標，心里裝(zhuang)著報國(guo)興農的(de)(de)使(shi)命，腳下走著共(gong)同發展的(de)(de)道路”的(de)(de)理(li)念。“創建(jian)世(shi)界級(ji)企業”的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)理(li)念就是讓(rang)大(da)(da)北農持續十年投入生(sheng)物技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)創新(xin)源頭。

      厚重的家(jia)(jia)國(guo)情(qing)懷(huai)。大北農(nong)人(ren)(ren)以報國(guo)興農(nong)作(zuo)為奮(fen)斗和奉獻的目標(biao)，致力于創建偉大的公司(si)來報效祖國(guo)、振(zhen)興農(nong)業、帶動農(nong)民致富。大北農(nong)創始人(ren)(ren)將家(jia)(jia)國(guo)情(qing)懷(huai)作(zuo)為一個企業家(jia)(jia)的本(ben)份，將傳播振(zhen)興農(nong)業、奉獻農(nong)業作(zuo)為每個員工的責(ze)任。正是(shi)厚重的家(jia)(jia)國(guo)情(qing)懷(huai)激發了大北農(nong)人(ren)(ren)創新(xin)創業的活(huo)力。

      三、大北農種業創新前景可期

      2021年9月，大(da)北(bei)農(nong)(nong)集團為配合(he)種(zhong)業(ye)振興行動，做大(da)做強種(zhong)業(ye)科(ke)技(ji)業(ye)務，注冊成立了北(bei)京創種(zhong)科(ke)技(ji)有限公司。創種(zhong)科(ke)技(ji)將大(da)北(bei)農(nong)(nong)原有的(de)(de)金色農(nong)(nong)華、金色豐度、生物技(ji)術公司等劃(hua)入旗下，采用先進的(de)(de)協同體(ti)制機(ji)制，建立全(quan)新的(de)(de)作物科(ke)技(ji)產業(ye)，整合(he)了種(zhong)業(ye)資源(yuan)，梳理了產業(ye)架構，提升了管理效率。

      未來，大北農創種科(ke)技(ji)將通(tong)過水稻、玉米、大豆、經濟作物(wu)等核心(xin)作物(wu)和生(sheng)物(wu)技(ji)術、數(shu)字技(ji)術、科(ke)創平(ping)臺等核心(xin)科(ke)技(ji)，力爭(zheng)在今(jin)后3-5年(nian)內上市并實(shi)施“十(shi)個(ge)(ge)10億、百個(ge)(ge)1億、千個(ge)(ge)1000萬(wan)”的十(shi)百千工程(cheng)，公司市值達到1000億元，到2035年(nian)生(sheng)物(wu)種業(ye)實(shi)現中國第一、世界一流。

附件4

中國種子協會2021年種子企業情況調研報告之四

——企(qi)業科企(qi)合作情(qing)況調研

      2021年9-11月，中國種子協(xie)會(hui)通過調研問卷方式，調研了(le)(le)國內9家在科(ke)企(qi)合作(zuo)方面(mian)較有(you)成效(xiao)的(de)企(qi)業，了(le)(le)解其(qi)在科(ke)企(qi)合作(zuo)方面(mian)典型的(de)做法、取(qu)得的(de)成效(xiao)、積累的(de)經驗、存在的(de)問題，及對科(ke)企(qi)合作(zuo)的(de)建議。現將有(you)關(guan)情況報告如(ru)下：

       通過調研(yan)，我們(men)了(le)解到(dao)，企業以提升科(ke)研(yan)能(neng)力為(wei)中心，改變了(le)購買品種(zhong)(zhong)這種(zhong)(zhong)單一的(de)合(he)作(zuo)方(fang)式，多項(xiang)措(cuo)施(shi)并舉，多渠(qu)道(dao)、多維度開展(zhan)科(ke)企合(he)作(zuo)，拓寬與科(ke)研(yan)單位的(de)合(he)作(zuo)渠(qu)道(dao)，提升了(le)企業研(yan)發水平和競(jing)爭能(neng)力；也(ye)感受到(dao)企業為(wei)強(qiang)化(hua)育種(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)力、建立商業化(hua)育種(zhong)(zhong)體系所(suo)做的(de)努力，體會到(dao)企業對實現“種(zhong)(zhong)業振(zhen)興”的(de)信(xin)心。

       一是提高合作意識，增強合作主動。企(qi)業重視(shi)與(yu)科(ke)研單(dan)(dan)位(wei)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)，為(wei)加(jia)強對科(ke)研單(dan)(dan)位(wei)和科(ke)研成果的(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)解，有企(qi)業設(she)立了(le)(le)專(zhuan)門(men)機構，負責科(ke)企(qi)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)對接事宜，做到專(zhuan)事有專(zhuan)人(ren)，專(zhuan)人(ren)有專(zhuan)責。有利于及時準確掌握(wo)(wo)科(ke)研單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)研究動向，掌握(wo)(wo)科(ke)研進度，可(ke)以第一時間做出反(fan)映，增強了(le)(le)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)主動性(xing)，提高了(le)(le)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)效率。如江蘇(su)(su)明天種業科(ke)技股份(fen)有限公(gong)司(si)，設(she)立內部機構——江蘇(su)(su)明天種業研究院(yuan)，負責與(yu)各科(ke)研院(yuan)所、大(da)學(xue)等(deng)研究機構的(de)(de)(de)交流與(yu)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)，探索出多(duo)種合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)方式，提升了(le)(le)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)效果。

      二是創新合作方式，完善合作機制。通過簽(qian)訂合(he)作協議(yi)(yi)、共(gong)設(she)獨(du)(du)立企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等方式，完善(shan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)企(qi)(qi)合(he)作機(ji)制(zhi)。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)通過協議(yi)(yi)建立合(he)作機(ji)制(zhi)，整合(he)雙(shuang)方優勢(shi)資(zi)源，約定雙(shuang)方權(quan)利義(yi)務：企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)提(ti)供(gong)資(zi)金、基(ji)地(di)、設(she)施(shi)設(she)備，科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)提(ti)供(gong)資(zi)源、人(ren)才(cai)、技術(shu)，利用企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)設(she)施(shi)，進行科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學研(yan)(yan)(yan)究；對于研(yan)(yan)(yan)發成(cheng)(cheng)果，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或享(xiang)有(you)(you)優先購買(mai)(mai)權(quan)，或與(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)共(gong)享(xiang)產權(quan)，或按(an)比例分(fen)享(xiang)對外(wai)轉化收(shou)益(yi)。如(ru)河北大地(di)種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)為(wei)多(duo)家科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)提(ti)供(gong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)、試驗基(ji)地(di)，享(xiang)受科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)果的(de)(de)優先購買(mai)(mai)權(quan)；江蘇(su)明(ming)天(tian)種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技股(gu)份有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)，為(wei)江蘇(su)省農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學院(yuan)提(ti)供(gong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)基(ji)地(di)，雙(shuang)方共(gong)享(xiang)合(he)作成(cheng)(cheng)果，若(ruo)對外(wai)轉讓，則按(an)3:7比例分(fen)享(xiang)收(shou)益(yi)。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)共(gong)同組建獨(du)(du)立公(gong)司(si)(si)，共(gong)擔風險，共(gong)享(xiang)收(shou)益(yi)，極大地(di)提(ti)高了企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)合(he)作密度和力度。如(ru)安(an)徽荃銀高科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)股(gu)份有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)與(yu)中(zhong)國科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學院(yuan)、中(zhong)國水稻所等單(dan)位(wei)(wei)共(gong)同成(cheng)(cheng)立獨(du)(du)立公(gong)司(si)(si)——上海中(zhong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)荃銀分(fen)子育種(zhong)技術(shu)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)，負(fu)責轉化股(gu)東科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)果，加快了科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)果轉化效率(lv)。

      三是拓展合作項目，提高合作能力。企業(ye)(ye)(ye)與科(ke)(ke)(ke)研單位共(gong)同承(cheng)擔(dan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，通過完成項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)任務(wu)，增加優質種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資源的儲備數量(liang)，提(ti)升育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)理(li)念、育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能力和種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植、管理(li)技(ji)術。如山(shan)東魯(lu)研農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)限公司(si)與山(shan)東省(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學院共(gong)同承(cheng)擔(dan)國家(jia)發展(zhan)改革(ge)委、科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)部、山(shan)東省(sheng)等重(zhong)點研究項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，構建了以企業(ye)(ye)(ye)為主體的小(xiao)麥種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體系，涵蓋了小(xiao)麥研發、育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、產業(ye)(ye)(ye)化開(kai)發、推(tui)廣等環節，提(ti)高了企業(ye)(ye)(ye)育(yu)繁(fan)推(tui)一體化能力。

      在調研(yan)中我們發現，科(ke)企(qi)合(he)(he)作中存在著企(qi)科(ke)企(qi)目標不(bu)相同(tong)、科(ke)企(qi)實力(li)不(bu)匹配、科(ke)企(qi)合(he)(he)作不(bu)穩定(ding)等(deng)問題，阻礙著科(ke)企(qi)合(he)(he)作的健康長遠發展。

      一是科企目標不相同。科研(yan)單位(wei)的研(yan)究重視論文數量和(he)發(fa)表雜志的影響(xiang)因子，市(shi)場(chang)導向不(bu)足；應用研(yan)究與市(shi)場(chang)需(xu)求(qiu)脫節，不(bu)能滿足企業(ye)(ye)需(xu)要；科研(yan)單位(wei)的研(yan)究成果和(he)育種技(ji)術，不(bu)需(xu)要權威、中立第(di)三方(fang)評估(gu)其市(shi)場(chang)價值(zhi)。企業(ye)(ye)與科研(yan)單位(wei)的工作目(mu)標不(bu)同，導致(zhi)企業(ye)(ye)與科研(yan)單位(wei)合作含有很大運(yun)氣成分，這影響(xiang)了企業(ye)(ye)與科研(yan)單位(wei)合作的信心和(he)積極(ji)性(xing)。

      二是科企實力不匹配。科(ke)(ke)企(qi)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)中，企(qi)業(ye)希望獲得最(zui)新、最(zui)先進的(de)(de)技術或產(chan)品(pin)，科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)單位也需要通過(guo)企(qi)業(ye)實(shi)(shi)現其科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)成(cheng)果的(de)(de)經濟(ji)效(xiao)益，但雙(shuang)方需求的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)現取決于企(qi)業(ye)實(shi)(shi)力(li)的(de)(de)匹配度(du)。種(zhong)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)原始創新基礎薄弱、科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)體系(xi)不(bu)完善，科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)人才(cai)缺乏，企(qi)業(ye)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)力(li)與科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)單位的(de)(de)成(cheng)果轉(zhuan)化需求不(bu)匹配，制約著科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)成(cheng)果轉(zhuan)化為生產(chan)力(li)的(de)(de)效(xiao)果；大多數企(qi)業(ye)缺乏長遠(yuan)發展規劃，發展方向不(bu)明確(que)(que)，發展具有不(bu)確(que)(que)定性(xing)(xing)和(he)盲從性(xing)(xing)，不(bu)足以支撐與科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)單位的(de)(de)縱深合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)。

      三是科企合作不穩定。科研(yan)單位內部(bu)一般有多(duo)個科研(yan)團體，對外也往往與(yu)多(duo)個企業(ye)簽(qian)署合作(zuo)關系，科企合作(zuo)容易受到科研(yan)單位內外部(bu)矛盾(dun)影(ying)響，難以形成長期穩定的合作(zuo)關系。

      推(tui)進(jin)種業科企(qi)合(he)作，推(tui)動種業創(chuang)新，需要(yao)做好機制建設，需要(yao)企(qi)業練好內功，提高自(zi)身(shen)實力，也需要(yao)科研單位和企(qi)業加(jia)深了解(jie)，探索(suo)深層(ceng)次合(he)作路徑(jing)。

      一是不斷完善科企合作機制。國家(jia)要(yao)(yao)對種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)體系做(zuo)好(hao)頂(ding)層設(she)計，明(ming)確科(ke)研(yan)(yan)單(dan)位(wei)和種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)企業(ye)分工，完善科(ke)企合作機(ji)制(zhi)：科(ke)研(yan)(yan)單(dan)位(wei)要(yao)(yao)致力(li)于(yu)基礎性(xing)、前(qian)沿性(xing)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，提(ti)高育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)底(di)層原創技(ji)術(shu)，解決育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)技(ji)術(shu)中“卡脖子(zi)”問題(ti)，為(wei)品種(zhong)(zhong)創新做(zuo)好(hao)“底(di)層創新”，這需(xu)要(yao)(yao)制(zhi)定科(ke)學的科(ke)研(yan)(yan)考核體系，用(yong)(yong)考核標(biao)準引導科(ke)研(yan)(yan)人員的研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方向和研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)重點；種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)企業(ye)要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好(hao)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，培育(yu)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)(guo)產業(ye)化的能力(li)，培養把科(ke)研(yan)(yan)單(dan)位(wei)的基礎研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)(guo)轉化為(wei)看得見、摸(mo)得著、賣得出的育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)(guo)的實力(li)。

      二是著力提升科企合作能力。提(ti)(ti)升科(ke)企(qi)(qi)合作能(neng)力，要(yao)補(bu)足企(qi)(qi)業(ye)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實力薄弱(ruo)的短板，提(ti)(ti)高企(qi)(qi)業(ye)吸(xi)收(shou)、轉化科(ke)技(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)的能(neng)力。國家要(yao)制定有(you)利于人(ren)才(cai)(cai)向企(qi)(qi)業(ye)流(liu)(liu)動的激(ji)勵(li)機制，鼓勵(li)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)向企(qi)(qi)業(ye)流(liu)(liu)動；鼓勵(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)加(jia)大科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)投(tou)入(ru)，對企(qi)(qi)業(ye)加(jia)大研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)投(tou)入(ru)提(ti)(ti)供資金、政策支持(chi)。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)要(yao)提(ti)(ti)高人(ren)才(cai)(cai)吸(xi)引力，從工資、福(fu)利、發(fa)展前景等方面吸(xi)引人(ren)才(cai)(cai)，擴大企(qi)(qi)業(ye)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)隊伍；創造(zao)良好(hao)的工作氛(fen)圍，制定人(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)養(yang)制度，設計科(ke)學合理的上(shang)升渠(qu)道，留住人(ren)才(cai)(cai)，積累人(ren)才(cai)(cai)，沉淀(dian)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)能(neng)力；要(yao)加(jia)大科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)投(tou)入(ru)，增加(jia)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)設備，強化育種(zhong)能(neng)力的創新(xin)儲備。

      三是注重穩定科企合作關系。企業和科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)單(dan)位(wei)要(yao)增強交(jiao)流、加(jia)強溝通(tong)。企業要(yao)強化與科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)單(dan)位(wei)交(jiao)流，了解(jie)(jie)其(qi)基礎研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方向、解(jie)(jie)決(jue)(jue)的(de)(de)問題、進展程(cheng)度(du)，提(ti)高(gao)在科(ke)(ke)(ke)企合作(zuo)中的(de)(de)主動性；科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)單(dan)位(wei)要(yao)了解(jie)(jie)企業需求、市場(chang)需要(yao)，了解(jie)(jie)企業的(de)(de)發(fa)展目(mu)標、長期規劃，確保(bao)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)成果符(fu)合市場(chang)要(yao)求，符(fu)合企業需要(yao)，解(jie)(jie)決(jue)(jue)基礎研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)與育種需求“兩張皮”問題。通(tong)過交(jiao)流，減少(shao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)企合作(zuo)的(de)(de)不穩定性和磨(mo)合時(shi)間，保(bao)證科(ke)(ke)(ke)企合作(zuo)的(de)(de)長期性、穩定性。

 附件5

 

中國種子協會2021年種子企業情況調研報告之五

——企業兼并重組情況調(diao)研(yan)

      2021年11-12月，協會企業調(diao)(diao)研組(zu)因(yin)受疫情影響(xiang)無法(fa)現(xian)場調(diao)(diao)研，在前期(qi)調(diao)(diao)研基礎(chu)上，結合種(zhong)(zhong)業振興對企業扶(fu)優(you)的要求(qiu)，聚焦“兼(jian)并重組(zu)”領(ling)域，對部(bu)(bu)分企業以書面材料形(xing)式開展了專題調(diao)(diao)研。集中(zhong)調(diao)(diao)研了中(zhong)農(nong)(nong)發種(zhong)(zhong)業集團(tuan)、中(zhong)國種(zhong)(zhong)子集團(tuan)、大北農(nong)(nong)集團(tuan)、先正達集團(tuan)中(zhong)國、荃銀(yin)高(gao)科、隆平高(gao)科、九圣禾種(zhong)(zhong)業等7家企業，反映(ying)了企業在兼(jian)并重組(zu)方面的做法(fa)與(yu)成效、經驗與(yu)問題、相(xiang)關(guan)建議，謹供種(zhong)(zhong)子企業和(he)政(zheng)府部(bu)(bu)門參考。調(diao)(diao)研報告如(ru)下：

      根據專家研究，近二(er)十(shi)多年(nian)(nian)世(shi)界種(zhong)業有三(san)次(ci)并(bing)(bing)(bing)購(gou)(gou)浪(lang)潮(chao)(chao)。第一次(ci)浪(lang)潮(chao)(chao)是(shi)1996-2000年(nian)(nian)，主要(yao)事件是(shi)孟(meng)山(shan)都(dou)并(bing)(bing)(bing)購(gou)(gou)迪(di)卡、杜邦并(bing)(bing)(bing)購(gou)(gou)先(xian)(xian)(xian)鋒(feng)、先(xian)(xian)(xian)正達在合(he)并(bing)(bing)(bing)中(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)立，實現了種(zhong)業與(yu)農藥(yao)結合(he)，生物(wu)技(ji)術(shu)進入種(zhong)業；第二(er)次(ci)浪(lang)潮(chao)(chao)是(shi)2004-2008年(nian)(nian)，主要(yao)事件是(shi)孟(meng)山(shan)都(dou)、杜邦、先(xian)(xian)(xian)正達、拜耳、陶氏(shi)、巴斯夫(fu)等公司(si)完成(cheng)并(bing)(bing)(bing)購(gou)(gou)，實現了農化(hua)集團混合(he)兼并(bing)(bing)(bing)，特別是(shi)并(bing)(bing)(bing)購(gou)(gou)有生物(wu)技(ji)術(shu)能力的種(zhong)業公司(si)；第三(san)次(ci)浪(lang)潮(chao)(chao)是(shi)2016-2018年(nian)(nian)，主要(yao)事件是(shi)拜耳并(bing)(bing)(bing)購(gou)(gou)孟(meng)山(shan)都(dou)、杜邦與(yu)陶氏(shi)合(he)并(bing)(bing)(bing)、中(zhong)(zhong)國化(hua)工并(bing)(bing)(bing)購(gou)(gou)先(xian)(xian)(xian)正達，實現了農化(hua)巨頭超(chao)(chao)級(ji)并(bing)(bing)(bing)購(gou)(gou)。當前(qian)，國際(ji)種(zhong)業已(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)“兩超(chao)(chao)+四強”格(ge)局，兩超(chao)(chao)指拜耳、科迪(di)華，兩家種(zhong)業市(shi)場份(fen)額共占(zhan)40%；四強指先(xian)(xian)(xian)正達、巴斯夫(fu)、利馬格(ge)蘭、科沃施(shi)，四家共占(zhan)15%。

      長期(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)來，我國(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)企業(ye)一(yi)直(zhi)存(cun)在多(duo)(duo)(duo)小散(san)弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，企業(ye)數量多(duo)(duo)(duo)、規模小、分(fen)布散(san)、實力(li)(li)(li)弱。自2011年國(guo)(guo)務院8號文件發(fa)布以(yi)(yi)(yi)來，我國(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)兼(jian)(jian)(jian)并(bing)重(zhong)組(zu)(zu)開始(shi)活躍，到(dao)(dao)2016-2018年達到(dao)(dao)頂(ding)峰，至今仍持續開展(zhan)。兼(jian)(jian)(jian)并(bing)重(zhong)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)推動方(fang)式主(zhu)要(yao)有以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)：一(yi)是(shi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)要(yao)素推動。以(yi)(yi)(yi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)為紐(niu)帶(dai)，發(fa)揮資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)優勢(shi)，通過(guo)(guo)(guo)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化運(yun)(yun)作方(fang)式來開展(zhan)兼(jian)(jian)(jian)并(bing)重(zhong)組(zu)(zu)，代表是(shi)企業(ye)隆(long)平高科(ke)、荃(quan)銀高科(ke)等。在兼(jian)(jian)(jian)并(bing)重(zhong)組(zu)(zu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，主(zhu)要(yao)依靠資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)及(ji)專業(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源，實現產業(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)和(he)金(jin)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)融合。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)模式有效(xiao)解決(jue)了(le)(le)兼(jian)(jian)(jian)并(bing)重(zhong)組(zu)(zu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中兼(jian)(jian)(jian)并(bing)方(fang)面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)壓力(li)(li)(li)問(wen)題(ti)，給兼(jian)(jian)(jian)并(bing)方(fang)開展(zhan)兼(jian)(jian)(jian)并(bing)重(zhong)組(zu)(zu)形成了(le)(le)絕對優勢(shi)。二是(shi)技(ji)術資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源推動。充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮技(ji)術資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源優勢(shi)，通過(guo)(guo)(guo)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化運(yun)(yun)作方(fang)式開展(zhan)兼(jian)(jian)(jian)并(bing)重(zhong)組(zu)(zu)，代表企業(ye)大(da)(da)北(bei)農(nong)集團(tuan)等。大(da)(da)北(bei)農(nong)與科(ke)研單位(wei)共(gong)建“創(chuang)新實驗班(ban)”，通過(guo)(guo)(guo)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)促進院所科(ke)技(ji)成果轉化，拓(tuo)寬(kuan)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)品種(zhong)(zhong)來源，先(xian)后通過(guo)(guo)(guo)并(bing)購或參(can)股四川(chuan)川(chuan)單種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)、黑龍江省(sheng)龍科(ke)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)、佳木斯龍粳(jing)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)、湖南洞庭高科(ke)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)、湖南金(jin)色豐(feng)華種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)、內蒙(meng)古蒙(meng)龍種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)等公(gong)(gong)司(si)，提高了(le)(le)地區水稻和(he)玉米種(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)動力(li)(li)(li)。三(san)是(shi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)潛(qian)力(li)(li)(li)推動。指在政府(fu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)部門(men)聯合支持下(xia)，依靠中國(guo)(guo)潛(qian)在市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)引力(li)(li)(li)和(he)自身(shen)在行(xing)業(ye)領(ling)域(yu)內強大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實力(li)(li)(li)，通過(guo)(guo)(guo)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化運(yun)(yun)作方(fang)式來開展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)跨(kua)國(guo)(guo)兼(jian)(jian)(jian)并(bing)重(zhong)組(zu)(zu)，代表企業(ye)先(xian)正達集團(tuan)中國(guo)(guo)。中國(guo)(guo)化工歷經8年時間，在國(guo)(guo)家多(duo)(duo)(duo)部門(men)協調、多(duo)(duo)(duo)領(ling)域(yu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)支持和(he)多(duo)(duo)(duo)元(yuan)化中介機構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)與支持下(xia)，最終以(yi)(yi)(yi)490億(yi)美(mei)元(yuan)成功收購瑞士(shi)先(xian)正達公(gong)(gong)司(si)，成為全球第一(yi)大(da)(da)植保公(gong)(gong)司(si)，第三(san)大(da)(da)種(zhong)(zhong)子公(gong)(gong)司(si)。兼(jian)(jian)(jian)并(bing)成功的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵是(shi)得(de)益于中國(guo)(guo)巨大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)潛(qian)力(li)(li)(li)。

      通過兼并重組，實現了資源的合理配置和有效利用，企業多小散弱的狀況有了明顯改善，推動種子企業做大做強、做專做優。以隆平高科為例，2016年隆平高科獲中信集團入主后，通過大量并購實現了業務增長和整合。在雜交水稻種子方面，2016年10月出資收購廣西恒茂農業科技有限公司，2017年6月收購廣東省金稻種業有限公司，2017年分兩次收購湖北惠民農業科技有限公司，并收購控股子公司剩余的少數股東股權，加強公司一體化建設，實現公司水稻產業一體化運作，2020年實現水稻種子營收14億元，占總營收的42%。在玉米種子方面，2017年與中信農業基金共同收購陶氏益農巴西玉米種子業務，2018年收購了北京聯創種業有限公司90%股份，2020年實現玉米種子板塊營收10億元。在蔬菜和小作物種子方面，2015年收購黃瓜品(pin)類(lei)的(de)天津德(de)瑞特種業有限公司(si)進入國內蔬菜市(shi)場，2018年收購食(shi)(shi)葵品(pin)類(lei)的(de)三瑞農(nong)業科(ke)技股份有限公司(si)，2018年收購谷(gu)子(zi)品(pin)類(lei)的(de)河北巡天農(nong)業科(ke)技有限公司(si)，目前(qian)在黃瓜、谷(gu)子(zi)、食(shi)(shi)葵種子(zi)等細(xi)分市(shi)場位(wei)居(ju)國內前(qian)列(lie)。

      企(qi)業(ye)兼并重(zhong)組一般都會注(zhu)重(zhong)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)業(ye)務互(hu)補(bu)、科研水平提升、市場份額擴展等(deng)方面，通過(guo)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)重(zhong)組實(shi)現(xian)優(you)勢互(hu)補(bu)、降低成本、利益最大(da)化。一要(yao)做好戰略(lve)(lve)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)。兼并開(kai)始前(qian)對企(qi)業(ye)發(fa)展要(yao)有(you)預期(qi)戰略(lve)(lve)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)，一切工作(zuo)圍(wei)繞戰略(lve)(lve)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)開(kai)展。如中(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)集團圍(wei)繞MAP規模種(zhong)(zhong)植戶的(de)(de)核(he)心需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)，建(jian)立(li)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)研發(fa)能力(li)。不聚(ju)焦高產水稻品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)以農戶需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)研發(fa)優(you)質、宜直播、輕簡栽培的(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)；拓(tuo)展小麥種(zhong)(zhong)子業(ye)務的(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，探索圍(wei)繞經作(zuo)規模種(zhong)(zhong)植戶的(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)有(you)針(zhen)對性(xing)地(di)延伸作(zuo)物品(pin)類。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)兼顧各(ge)方要(yao)素。首(shou)先是(shi)(shi)(shi)戰略(lve)(lve)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)，如果(guo)科研是(shi)(shi)(shi)短板，在(zai)并購(gou)時(shi)多注(zhu)重(zhong)具有(you)科研背景的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)，加強(qiang)同(tong)科研單位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)凝合(he)度。其次是(shi)(shi)(shi)戰略(lve)(lve)互(hu)補(bu)，互(hu)補(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)雙(shuang)方合(he)作(zuo)的(de)(de)基礎，如果(guo)缺乏這個根本的(de)(de)基礎，雙(shuang)方的(de)(de)合(he)作(zuo)就不會長久。第三是(shi)(shi)(shi)認(ren)同(tong)理(li)念(nian)。雙(shuang)方具有(you)共同(tong)的(de)(de)理(li)想信念(nian)，才能具有(you)較高的(de)(de)配合(he)度。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)落(luo)實(shi)保(bao)障措施。落(luo)實(shi)百日融合(he)機(ji)制，保(bao)障兼并前(qian)后平穩過(guo)渡。落(luo)實(shi)三會管理(li)機(ji)制，強(qiang)化對兼并企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)管理(li)。協調職位(wei)(wei)互(hu)補(bu)、資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)共享，吸引更(geng)多人才留下(xia)。更(geng)加注(zhu)重(zhong)產業(ye)整(zheng)合(he)，樹立(li)大(da)科研、大(da)生產、大(da)營(ying)銷理(li)念(nian)，不讓企(qi)業(ye)各(ge)自為戰，打破二級子公(gong)司的(de)(de)界(jie)限(xian)，提升產業(ye)運營(ying)能力(li)。

      兼并(bing)(bing)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)(zu)值(zhi)得(de)(de)注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，一是(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)融合(he)(he)難(nan)(nan)(nan)。多數兼并(bing)(bing)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兼并(bing)(bing)輕(qing)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)(zu)，多停(ting)留在(zai)(zai)規模擴張層面(mian)，兼并(bing)(bing)方合(he)(he)并(bing)(bing)財務(wu)報(bao)表，被兼并(bing)(bing)方獲(huo)得(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金，仍然是(shi)(shi)(shi)“各(ge)(ge)自(zi)為(wei)政”，并(bing)(bing)沒有(you)實現雙方的(de)(de)(de)(de)協同發展(zhan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)質(zhi)量提升(sheng)。目(mu)前經(jing)營管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)才(cai)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)缺乏(fa)，相當一部(bu)分并(bing)(bing)購(gou)方已難(nan)(nan)(nan)以(yi)派出高(gao)水平(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)才(cai)參與被并(bing)(bing)購(gou)方企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。同時，兼并(bing)(bing)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)(zu)后企(qi)(qi)業(ye)間(jian)在(zai)(zai)團(tuan)隊文化、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)風格、規范(fan)程度、體(ti)制(zhi)機制(zhi)等方面(mian)融合(he)(he)效果并(bing)(bing)不(bu)理(li)想，科(ke)研(yan)、銷售(shou)、人(ren)力資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)籌和(he)(he)(he)(he)利用(yong)仍難(nan)(nan)(nan)以(yi)協調，尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)科(ke)研(yan)育種(zhong)人(ren)才(cai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)難(nan)(nan)(nan)以(yi)整合(he)(he)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)息(xi)獲(huo)取難(nan)(nan)(nan)。市(shi)場(chang)信(xin)息(xi)不(bu)對稱，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)尋求兼并(bing)(bing)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)(zu)合(he)(he)作(zuo)過程中，沒有(you)統(tong)(tong)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)發布(bu)平(ping)臺，各(ge)(ge)個企(qi)(qi)業(ye)只能通過市(shi)場(chang)手段尋求合(he)(he)作(zuo)，影響(xiang)了(le)兼并(bing)(bing)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)(zu)效率。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)信(xin)息(xi)難(nan)(nan)(nan)判(pan)斷(duan)，現有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中小企(qi)(qi)業(ye)財務(wu)不(bu)規范(fan)、不(bu)透明、不(bu)合(he)(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題仍然較為(wei)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，給投資(zi)(zi)(zi)者帶來(lai)了(le)較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)風險。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)值(zhi)評估(gu)(gu)難(nan)(nan)(nan)。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)知(zhi)識產權(quan)等價(jia)值(zhi)評估(gu)(gu)難(nan)(nan)(nan)，特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)對知(zhi)識產權(quan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)評估(gu)(gu)，目(mu)前缺乏(fa)統(tong)(tong)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)評估(gu)(gu)標(biao)準，制(zhi)約了(le)兼并(bing)(bing)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)(zu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)信(xin)息(xi)價(jia)值(zhi)判(pan)斷(duan)。標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)估(gu)(gu)值(zhi)難(nan)(nan)(nan)，互相適(shi)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)優秀標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相對稀(xi)缺，標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)對自(zi)身(shen)估(gu)(gu)值(zhi)期望普遍較高(gao)，而兼并(bing)(bing)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)(zu)主(zhu)體(ti)往往難(nan)(nan)(nan)以(yi)滿足標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)期望，造成(cheng)(cheng)兼并(bing)(bing)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)本增加，兼并(bing)(bing)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)(zu)進程延緩。

      今后，應(ying)加(jia)大扶優扶強(qiang)力度，細化實(shi)化扶優措施(shi)。支(zhi)持(chi)優勢企(qi)業(ye)(ye)牽頭承(cheng)擔(dan)種(zhong)(zhong)源關(guan)鍵核心(xin)技術(shu)攻(gong)關(guan)、生物育種(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)大項目(mu)等科研任務，承(cheng)接(jie)國(guo)家級種(zhong)(zhong)子基地、現代種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)園等項目(mu)建設(she)，打(da)造兼并(bing)重(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)的基礎。爭(zheng)取發改、財政、科技、金融等相關(guan)部(bu)門支(zhi)持(chi)，創設(she)落(luo)實(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)扶優政策，提高兼并(bing)重(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)的能力。加(jia)強(qiang)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)知(zhi)識產權(quan)保護，嚴厲(li)打(da)擊假冒侵權(quan)違法行為(wei)，開展(zhan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)用(yong)評價，推動失信(xin)聯合懲戒，為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)兼并(bing)重(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)創造良好環境。