蕎(qiao)麥生(sheng)育期短，適應性強，產(chan)量適中，營養價(jia)值高，歷來被人(ren)們(men)作(zuo)為(wei)填(tian)閑、救災(zai)作(zuo)物,要(yao)想蕎(qiao)麥獲得豐收，應注(zhu)意(yi)以下幾點：

    一、選茬(cha)(cha)整地。蕎(qiao)(qiao)麥忌連(lian)作，前(qian)茬(cha)(cha)最好是土豆(dou)茬(cha)(cha)或谷茬(cha)(cha)。蕎(qiao)(qiao)麥為直根系(xi)作物，根系(xi)不十分(fen)發達，同時(shi)芽子軟，因(yin)此播前(qian)要淺耕(geng)滅茬(cha)(cha)，精細整地，為保全苗(miao)齊苗(miao)創造良好的環境條(tiao)件。

    二、種子處(chu)理。播前要曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2～3天，然(ran)后采用(yong)溫(wen)水(shui)浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的辦法進(jin)行選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即用(yong)35℃的溫(wen)水(shui)浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)15分鐘(zhong)，除去(qu)漂浮的秕(bi)粒，再(zai)將沉在(zai)下面的飽粒撈(lao)出(chu)晾干(gan)，并拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法：一(yi)是(shi)取1~5公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)草木灰在(zai)水(shui)中浸(jin)(jin)泡1~2天，在(zai)播前一(yi)天用(yong)草木灰液噴灑種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，10公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)灑草木灰液1公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。并把草木灰殘(can)渣(zha)混在(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)中拌勻，經3~4小(xiao)時(shi)后種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)不結塊，即可播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，能提高產量(liang)。二是(shi)用(yong)40%五氯硝基苯粉(fen)0.5公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)50公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，可防(fang)治立(li)枯(ku)病、輪紋病、褐斑病和白霉(mei)病。

    三、抓緊搶播。蕎麥生(sheng)長(chang)既喜溫(wen)涼環境，又怕霜凍。播種太早，生(sheng)育(yu)前期易受(shou)到高溫(wen)影響(xiang)；播種過晚(wan)，生(sheng)長(chang)后(hou)期易遭霜害。農民多年栽(zai)培經(jing)驗是：立秋早，白露(lu)遲(chi)，處暑播種正當時。

    四、增施肥(fei)料。蕎麥耐瘠薄，但(dan)適當增施磷鉀肥(fei)能(neng)顯(xian)(xian)著提高產量，但(dan)不能(neng)施入(ru)氯化鉀，因氯離子會引發斑病導致減產。畝施過(guo)磷酸鈣20公斤(jin)和尿素(su)6公斤(jin)作底肥(fei)，既經濟，增產效(xiao)果又(you)顯(xian)(xian)著。施用時(shi)要注意(yi)把化肥(fei)與種子分(fen)開(kai)，防止燒苗。

    五、合理(li)密植(zhi)。蕎麥過(guo)稀過(guo)密都會影(ying)響(xiang)產量(liang)。生產實踐證明，以畝播(bo)量(liang)3.5~4公(gong)斤為宜，畝保苗(miao)14~16萬株。播(bo)深3~4厘米，覆(fu)土厚度一般3厘米。播(bo)完種后如土干爽，可用木磙子壓一遍；如土濕(shi)，可用馬拉木桿拖一下即可。

    六(liu)、田間(jian)管理。要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)松土(tu)，促進生長發育(yu)，三葉期間(jian)苗，使苗分(fen)布均(jun)勻。苗高9~10厘米時(shi)每(mei)10天(tian)中耕一次直(zhi)至現蕾期封(feng)壟。始(shi)花(hua)期噴0.3%磷酸(suan)二氫鉀液和0.1%鉬酸(suan)銨(an)或硼酸(suan)溶液。盛花(hua)期進行人工授粉(fen)，時(shi)間(jian)以(yi)上午8~10時(shi)為(wei)宜。方法是用繩子或木桿橫向牽動(dong)植株2~3次，每(mei)三天(tian)一次。有(you)條件的農戶(hu)在盛花(hua)期每(mei)15畝放養蜜(mi)蜂兩(liang)箱。發生蟲(chong)害及(ji)時(shi)防治，對粘蟲(chong)、草地螟和鉤刺(ci)蛾以(yi)及(ji)蚜蟲(chong)要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)防治。

    七(qi)、適期收獲。霜降前(qian)，當全株有70%的籽粒呈黑(hei)褐色時，應抓緊時間于早、晚收獲，并扎(zha)捆或(huo)扎(zha)把，豎放在(zai)室(shi)內，讓蕎麥充(chong)分后熟。