春播在即，保障春播用種是當前農業生產重中之重。據自治區種子管理站每周種子市場信息調度，截止2月20日，全區主要農作物種子市場供應充足、質量合格，個別品種結構(gou)性緊缺。受(shou)糧食價格和生產成(cheng)本(ben)上漲拉(la)動，種子價格有(you)所上升(sheng)。

    一、小麥

    預計今年灌區春小麥播種面積90萬(wan)(wan)畝，春(chun)播需種量(liang)(liang)1800萬(wan)(wan)公斤(jin)，市場商品(pin)種子需求量(liang)(liang)630萬(wan)(wan)公斤(jin)，實(shi)際(ji)收貯量(liang)(liang)614.26萬(wan)(wan)公斤(jin)，占(zhan)需求量(liang)(liang)的97.5%。品(pin)種主(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)寧(ning)春(chun)39號(hao)(hao)(hao)、寧(ning)春(chun)4號(hao)(hao)(hao)為主(zhu)，搭配寧(ning)春(chun)47號(hao)(hao)(hao)、寧(ning)春(chun)41號(hao)(hao)(hao)等。目前(qian)已(yi)銷售小麥種子371.48萬(wan)(wan)公斤(jin)，占(zhan)需種量(liang)(liang)58.9%。

    市(shi)場銷售指(zhi)導價(jia)(jia)格良種(zhong)3.6元/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，原(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)3.8元/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，均(jun)較(jiao)2011年(nian)上漲 0.4元/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，漲幅12.5%。種(zhong)子價(jia)(jia)格上漲原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)：一是糧食(shi)收(shou)購價(jia)(jia)格上漲。去年(nian)7月(yue)末，全(quan)區商品小麥收(shou)購價(jia)(jia)格2.46元/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，同(tong)比上升13.36%；毛(mao)種(zhong)子收(shou)購價(jia)(jia)格2.76元/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，同(tong)比上升22%。二是勞動力成本(ben)(ben)上升。2011年(nian)臨時用(yong)工(gong)日工(gong)資平(ping)均(jun)達到(dao)120元/天，同(tong)比上漲20元，種(zhong)子精選(xuan)、包裝(zhuang)、裝(zhuang)卸、運輸等生產成本(ben)(ben)上升較(jiao)快(kuai)。

    二、水稻

    計劃播種面積120萬畝，春播需種量1840萬公斤，市場商品種子需求量1672萬公斤，實際收貯1747萬公斤，占需求量的104%，品種主要以寧粳43號、富源4號、吉粳105為主，搭配寧粳38號、寧粳 28號等，優質品種存在結構性緊缺。目前已銷售水稻種(zhong)(zhong)子828.77萬(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)，占需種(zhong)(zhong)量49.5 %。

    市(shi)場銷(xiao)售(shou)指導(dao)價(jia)吉粳105良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)價(jia)格(ge)5.6元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)/公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)價(jia)格(ge)5.8元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)/公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，較(jiao)(jiao)2011年(nian)(nian)分別(bie)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)17%和(he)16%；其(qi)它常(chang)(chang)規水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)價(jia)格(ge)5.0元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)/公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)價(jia)格(ge)5.2元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)/公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，較(jiao)(jiao)2011年(nian)(nian)均(jun)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang) 0.2元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)/公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)4%；優質水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)價(jia)格(ge)5.8元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)/公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)價(jia)格(ge)6.0元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)/公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，均(jun)與2011年(nian)(nian)價(jia)格(ge)持平。價(jia)格(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)原(yuan)因：一是(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)精(jing)選(xuan)出(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)率(lv)下降。2011年(nian)(nian)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)期氣溫較(jiao)(jiao)正常(chang)(chang)年(nian)(nian)份(fen)偏(pian)低、灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)結(jie)實差(cha)、空秕率(lv)高，水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)精(jing)選(xuan)出(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)率(lv)僅為(wei)75%左右(you)，較(jiao)(jiao)正常(chang)(chang)值82-85%下降了(le)7-10個百分點(dian)。二是(shi)勞(lao)動力成本上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)。2011年(nian)(nian)臨時用工日(ri)工資平均(jun)達到120元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)/天(tian)，同(tong)比上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)20元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)精(jing)選(xuan)、包裝(zhuang)、裝(zhuang)卸、運輸等生產成本上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)快(kuai)。三是(shi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)生產影響。受2011年(nian)(nian)部分富源(yuan)四號(hao)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)慢、結(jie)實差(cha)、產量低影響，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)企業壓減(jian)富源(yuan)四號(hao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)收儲(chu)量，加大(da)了(le)其(qi)它品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)收儲(chu)，間接拉動了(le)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)價(jia)格(ge)的(de)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。特別(bie)是(shi)富源(yuan)四號(hao)的(de)替代品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)吉粳105，市(shi)場有部分缺口，銷(xiao)售(shou)異常(chang)(chang)火爆(bao)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)價(jia)格(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)度較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)。

    三、玉米 

    我區玉米市場應用品種絕大多數為區外引進品種，區內銷售品種均由代理公司從品種(zhong)(zhong)權所(suo)有公(gong)(gong)司(si)調運，從調查(cha)情況(kuang)看，各品種(zhong)(zhong)權所(suo)有公(gong)(gong)司(si)貨源充足(zu)。全區(qu)計劃播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)面積360萬(wan)畝，春播(bo)(bo)需種(zhong)(zhong)量648萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤，區(qu)內代理公(gong)(gong)司(si)計劃生(sheng)產、調運各品種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)710萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤，占需求量的(de)(de)110%，目(mu)前實(shi)際(ji)到貨量362萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤，占需求量的(de)(de)56%，品種(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)要以正大12號(hao)(hao)、先玉335、永玉3號(hao)(hao)、寧(ning)單(dan)11號(hao)(hao)、寧(ning)單(dan)13號(hao)(hao)、承706等為主(zhu)，個別優質(zhi)品種(zhong)(zhong)存在(zai)結構性(xing)緊缺。目(mu)前市場已(yi)銷(xiao)售種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)174.7萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤，占需種(zhong)(zhong)量26.9%。

    市場銷售指導價(jia)格以主(zhu)推(tui)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為主(zhu)。除(chu)承(cheng)706價(jia)格24元(yuan)/公(gong)斤，較2011年(nian)上漲(zhang)(zhang)5元(yuan)/公(gong)斤，漲(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)26%外，其他主(zhu)推(tui)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)銷售價(jia)格22元(yuan)/公(gong)斤，同(tong)比上漲(zhang)(zhang)1.0元(yuan)/公(gong)斤，漲(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)4.7%。價(jia)格提高(gao)的(de)原(yuan)因：一是生產(chan)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)上漲(zhang)(zhang)。玉米(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)生產(chan)預約畝產(chan)值由原(yuan)來的(de)2000元(yuan)上漲(zhang)(zhang)到2300-2500元(yuan)，生產(chan)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)每公(gong)斤上漲(zhang)(zhang)0.75—1.25元(yuan)。二是制種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)量下(xia)降。作為全國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)主(zhu)產(chan)區的(de)西北地區，2011年(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)生長后期受(shou)氣溫低、光照(zhao)不足(zu)的(de)影響普遍減產(chan)，減產(chan)幅(fu)度在15%左右。特別是承(cheng)706，2011年(nian)制種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)量下(xia)降超過30%，更加劇了(le)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)收購價(jia)格的(de)大幅(fu)上漲(zhang)(zhang)。（種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)管理站 沈靜(jing)供稿(gao)）