四、推進我國現代農作物種業快速發展的建議

       農業強必須種業強，種業強必須企業強。荷蘭蔬菜和花卉產業位居世界領先水平，主要得益于高度發達的農作物種子產業，得益(yi)于擁有世界級的(de)蔬(shu)菜、花卉種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)企(qi)業。我國農作物種(zhong)(zhong)業發(fa)展仍處于初級階(jie)段，應充分學習和借鑒荷(he)蘭(lan)種(zhong)(zhong)業的(de)成熟理(li)念和先進經(jing)驗，加(jia)快(kuai)縮小與國際種(zhong)(zhong)業之間的(de)差距(ju)，努力實現(xian)由(you)用種(zhong)(zhong)大國向種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)強國轉(zhuan)變。

       （一）轉變發展理念，加快推進企業做強做大。一是強化企業服務意識。為客戶提供全方位、最優質的服務是荷蘭企業成功的關鍵。我國種子企業在服務方面差距明顯，注重種子銷售，缺乏后續服務；注重經濟效益，缺乏商業信譽和品牌建設；注重眼前利益，缺乏長遠目標和規劃。如果說技術落后，還需較長時間追趕，而強化服務意識，則已成為縮小與國際種業差距的當務之急。二是強化國際化視野。荷蘭企業的發展得益于其國際化的發展戰略布局，其資源、技術、人才、市場(chang)的(de)國(guo)際化(hua)，保(bao)障了(le)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)先進性和競(jing)(jing)爭力。我國(guo)企業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展目前還(huan)多是面(mian)向國(guo)內(nei)(nei)市場(chang)，依靠(kao)國(guo)內(nei)(nei)資源。企業(ye)(ye)做(zuo)(zuo)強必(bi)須清(qing)醒地看到差(cha)(cha)距，建立國(guo)際化(hua)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展理念，實(shi)施“合(he)作交(jiao)流(liu)、優勢(shi)互補、產業(ye)(ye)關聯(lian)、資源聚(ju)集”，走出去，請進來(lai)，充分利(li)用國(guo)際、國(guo)內(nei)(nei)“兩個市場(chang)、兩種(zhong)(zhong)資源”，有意識地縮(suo)小差(cha)(cha)距，盡快提升競(jing)(jing)爭能力。三是推動(dong)企業(ye)(ye)兼(jian)并重組(zu)。順應國(guo)際種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展潮流(liu)，鼓勵種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)企業(ye)(ye)實(shi)行差(cha)(cha)異化(hua)并購、區域化(hua)重組(zu)、專業(ye)(ye)化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展等模(mo)式，通過在國(guo)際、國(guo)內(nei)(nei)實(shi)施兼(jian)并重組(zu)，努(nu)力實(shi)現(xian)做(zuo)(zuo)強做(zuo)(zuo)大。

       （二(er)）強化(hua)(hua)(hua)企(qi)業主體，加快構建(jian)商(shang)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)體系(xi)(xi)。提(ti)高(gao)企(qi)業育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)創(chuang)(chuang)新能力(li)是提(ti)升(sheng)企(qi)業競(jing)爭力(li)的(de)(de)核心(xin)。一是引導(dao)(dao)企(qi)業創(chuang)(chuang)新育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)理(li)念。借(jie)鑒荷蘭種(zhong)(zhong)業發展先進(jin)經(jing)驗，應用“科(ke)學設計、明確分(fen)工、標準規范(fan)、流水作業”的(de)(de)現代商(shang)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)理(li)念，實行“市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)導(dao)(dao)向、專業化(hua)(hua)(hua)分(fen)工、規模化(hua)(hua)(hua)研究、集(ji)約化(hua)(hua)(hua)運(yun)行”為基本特征的(de)(de)“工廠式”科(ke)研育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)管理(li)模式，提(ti)高(gao)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)效(xiao)率。二(er)是鼓勵企(qi)業開展商(shang)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)。鼓勵有實力(li)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子企(qi)業建(jian)立(li)科(ke)研機(ji)構和(he)隊(dui)伍，根據農業生產實際和(he)市(shi)場(chang)需求確定育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)目標，建(jian)立(li)商(shang)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)體系(xi)(xi)，著(zhu)力(li)培育(yu)具有自(zi)主知識產權(quan)的(de)(de)突破(po)性新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。三是支(zhi)持企(qi)業整(zheng)合育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)力(li)量和(he)資源。鼓勵企(qi)業加大科(ke)研投(tou)入，創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)條件、創(chuang)(chuang)新機(ji)制，引進(jin)國內外高(gao)端人才、先進(jin)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)技術、育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)材料和(he)關鍵設備，提(ti)高(gao)自(zi)主創(chuang)(chuang)新能力(li)。

       （三）嚴格品種保護，完善知識產權保護體系。鼓勵種業科技創新(xin)(xin)和(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)創新(xin)(xin)，是推進(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業持續發展的(de)不(bu)竭動力。一是完善植物(wu)新(xin)(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)制度(du)，加(jia)大新(xin)(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)力度(du)，提高新(xin)(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)效果和(he)效率。建立(li)新(xin)(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)讓交易平臺，規范品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)讓行為，保(bao)(bao)(bao)障品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)人、被授權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)人的(de)合(he)法(fa)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)益(yi)。二是強(qiang)化品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)執法(fa)。嚴(yan)厲打擊套牌侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)等違(wei)法(fa)行為，對(dui)制假售假企業實(shi)行市場(chang)準入的(de)“一票否決”。三是實(shi)行立(li)體(ti)化的(de)知識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)。全球(qiu)同(tong)步申請保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)，過程(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)（商(shang)(shang)業機密(mi)）和(he)成果保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)（知識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)）并(bing)重，專利(li)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、商(shang)(shang)標(biao)、著(zhu)作版(ban)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)并(bing)用，從而形成目標(biao)明確、結構(gou)清(qing)晰、手(shou)段多樣的(de)知識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)體(ti)系。

       （四）強化(hua)(hua)全(quan)程管控(kong)(kong)，確保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)企業(ye)的生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)線。一是(shi)鼓勵和支持企業(ye)加大高質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)投入。鼓勵企業(ye)購(gou)(gou)置先進(jin)的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、加工、包裝(zhuang)、檢(jian)驗和倉儲、運輸設備(bei)，以制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)高活力、易使用、耐儲存、高價值(zhi)的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品為(wei)目標，對原料種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)進(jin)行(xing)烘干、消(xiao)毒、包衣、丸粒化(hua)(hua)、萌(meng)發促進(jin)等精深(shen)加工，提升種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。二是(shi)引導(dao)企業(ye)加大質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管控(kong)(kong)力度。建立覆(fu)蓋生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、加工、流通各環節的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)可追溯(su)系(xi)統。健(jian)全(quan)售后服(fu)務體系(xi)，保(bao)(bao)障種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)。三(san)是(shi)加強種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)市(shi)(shi)場監(jian)督。健(jian)全(quan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)例行(xing)監(jian)測(ce)機制(zhi)(zhi)，確保(bao)(bao)市(shi)(shi)場監(jian)督工作的常態化(hua)(hua)、制(zhi)(zhi)度化(hua)(hua)。加強種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)檢(jian)驗，嚴厲打擊未審先推、無證生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、搶購(gou)(gou)套購(gou)(gou)等違法行(xing)為(wei)。加快現代生(sheng)(sheng)物技術(shu)在市(shi)(shi)場監(jian)督中的應用，將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)關口前移，從大田制(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)環節介入種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。

                        種子管理局(ju)   廖西(xi)元、鄒奎(kui)

二〇一一年十二月