一是產地環境條件檢測及種植基地選擇

　　（1）產地環境條件檢測。對有機小麥種植基地依(yi)據(ju) GB 3095- 2012、GB15618-2018標(biao)準分別進行(xing)(xing)環境空氣質量、土(tu)壤環境質量風險管(guan)控檢測(ce)，按照《有機產(chan)品第1部分：生產(chan)》GB/T19630.1-2011設置緩沖(chong)帶并嚴格(ge)執行(xing)(xing)轉換期。

　　（2）種植基(ji)地選擇。種植基(ji)地應遠離各(ge)種污染源，且海拔在900-1100米的(de)低山(shan)丘陵區旱(han)地麥(mai)田。

　　二是播前備種、備肥及撒肥

　　（1）品種選(xuan)擇(ze)及備(bei)種。選(xuan)用優質(zhi)抗逆性強的品種如運旱(han)115、長 6990、

　　晉 麥 90號、運旱618；對所選品種通過精選，并于播種前 7～8天，將種子置于陽(yang)光 下(xia) 曬(shai)2～3天(tian)；不做(zuo)任何包(bao)衣(yi)，白籽下(xia)種(zhong)。

　　（2）生物有機肥料(liao)選(xuan)擇。選(xuan)用(yong)通(tong)過(guo)有機認證、養分含量較高且(qie)丸粒化水(shui)平(ping)較高的顆粒狀生物有機肥。

　　（3）拋撒農(nong)(nong)家(jia)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)。于9月(yue)中旬(xun)利用“農(nong)(nong)家(jia)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)拋撒裝置(zhi)”將農(nong)(nong)家(jia)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)均勻拋撒于麥田(tian)。三是播(bo)種機選擇、播(bo)種期播(bo)種密度(du)及(ji)生(sheng)物有(you)(you)機肥(fei)施肥(fei)量

　　（1）播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)選擇。選擇配置(zhi)有(you)表(biao)土疏松(song)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)旋耕施(shi)肥播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)鎮(zhen)壓(ya)一體機(ji)(ji)。低(di)山丘陵區(qu)小麥播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)期一般(ban)表(biao)墑較大，目前傳(chuan)統的(de)旋耕施(shi)肥播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)鎮(zhen)壓(ya)一體機(ji)(ji)的(de)鎮(zhen)壓(ya)輥擠壓(ya)表(biao)土造成板結，配置(zhi)表(biao)土疏松(song)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)作用是(shi)破除播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)過程(cheng)的(de)表(biao)土板結，提(ti)高出(chu)苗率。

　　（2）播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)與(yu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密度(du)(du)。基于氣溫升高(gao)特別是(shi)(shi)冬(dong)前(qian)有(you)效積溫增(zeng)加，播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)宜選擇在9月(yue)23日-9月(yue)28日，較(jiao)傳統(tong)(tong)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)推(tui)遲7-8天，這樣一是(shi)(shi)規(gui)避由(you)于冬(dong)前(qian)旺長造(zao)成干(gan)旱而導致凍害(hai)、蟲害(hai)等其他次生災(zai)害(hai)的發生；二是(shi)(shi)通(tong)過推(tui)遲播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)抑制冬(dong)前(qian)或春(chun)季雜(za)草(cao)的危害(hai)；三是(shi)(shi)通(tong)過推(tui)遲播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)降低株(zhu)高(gao)提高(gao)抗倒能力；四(si)是(shi)(shi)通(tong)過推(tui)遲播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)利于小麥品質的改善。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密度(du)(du)宜控制在每畝10.512.5千克之間(jian)，較(jiao)傳統(tong)(tong)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密度(du)(du)每畝約減(jian)少2.5-4千克，通(tong)過控制播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)，確保后期(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)風(feng)透光實現(xian)健壯栽培，有(you)效抑制后期(qi)(qi)(qi)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病害(hai)特別是(shi)(shi)白粉病發生。

　　（3）播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)深(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)及(ji)疏(shu)松裝(zhuang)置疏(shu)松爪(zhua)(zhua)入(ru)(ru)土深(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)深(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)宜控制在(zai)3-5厘米(mi)；播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機配套疏(shu)松裝(zhuang)置的(de)疏(shu)松爪(zhua)(zhua)入(ru)(ru)土深(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)1.5-2.0厘米(mi)，確保疏(shu)松爪(zhua)(zhua)不擾亂種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子又(you)達到破除播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)過程板結的(de)作用。

　　（4）生物(wu)有機肥施(shi)用(yong)(yong)及施(shi)用(yong)(yong)量。應用(yong)(yong)旋耕施(shi)肥播(bo)種鎮壓一體機的施(shi)肥裝置(zhi)，確保粒狀生物(wu)有機肥施(shi)于小麥行間(jian)，提高肥料利用(yong)(yong)效率。其施(shi)肥量宜控(kong)制在每(mei)畝75-100千克。

　　(馬愛平)