菜豆炭疽病在各地普遍(bian)發(fa)生，在溫涼多(duo)雨(yu)地區和季節發(fa)病最重，不(bu)但造成(cheng)嚴重減產，而(er)且降低(di)品(pin)質和商品(pin)性，是影響(xiang)菜豆生產的主要(yao)因(yin)素之(zhi)一(yi)。

　　一、發(fa)病(bing)(bing)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang) 在(zai)幼苗至采(cai)收后(hou)期(qi)，植(zhi)株地上部分均可受害。幼苗出土后(hou)，子葉(xie)(xie)上出現紅(hong)褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)近(jin)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)病(bing)(bing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)，凹(ao)陷(xian)狀(zhuang)潰(kui)爛(lan)。幼莖下(xia)部產(chan)生(sheng)淡(dan)紅(hong)褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)小(xiao)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)點和棱形(xing)(xing)(xing)凹(ao)陷(xian)，有(you)時(shi)病(bing)(bing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)連(lian)成(cheng)片(pian)，甚(shen)至圍繞莖基部一圈，使(shi)幼苗倒伏(fu)枯死。成(cheng)株葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)病(bing)(bing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)多出現在(zai)葉(xie)(xie)背的葉(xie)(xie)脈上，沿(yan)葉(xie)(xie)脈呈三角形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)多角形(xing)(xing)(xing)擴(kuo)展(zhan)，由紅(hong)褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)逐漸變成(cheng)黑褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)，穿孔、破裂(lie)、葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)畸形(xing)(xing)(xing)，后(hou)期(qi)干枯脫落。葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)和莖上產(chan)生(sheng)凹(ao)陷(xian)病(bing)(bing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)，后(hou)龜裂(lie)。病(bing)(bing)菌主(zhu)要(yao)危(wei)害豆莢，初生(sheng)褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)小(xiao)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)點，不久擴(kuo)展(zhan)成(cheng)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)近(jin)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)病(bing)(bing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)，邊緣深(shen)紅(hong)色(se)(se)。嚴重時(shi)，病(bing)(bing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)連(lian)結成(cheng)不規則形(xing)(xing)(xing)的大斑(ban)(ban)(ban)，并腐爛(lan)。

　　二、防治方法 （一）選用無病種子和(he)種(zhong)(zhong)子消(xiao)毒。從無(wu)病(bing)(bing)田(tian)、無(wu)病(bing)(bing)莢上(shang)(shang)采(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)。種(zhong)(zhong)子粒選嚴格剔除(chu)病(bing)(bing)種(zhong)(zhong)子。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)45℃溫水(shui)浸種(zhong)(zhong)10分鐘；或(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)40％的(de)(de)(de)福爾馬林200倍(bei)(bei)液浸種(zhong)(zhong)30分鐘，撈(lao)出后用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)清(qing)水(shui)洗(xi)凈(jing)，晾(liang)干待播(bo)(bo)。（二）選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)品種(zhong)(zhong)。菜(cai)豆(dou)品種(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)存(cun)在(zai)著抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)性(xing)(xing)差異(yi)。一般蔓生品種(zhong)(zhong)比矮生品種(zhong)(zhong)抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)。（三(san)）實(shi)行(xing)輪作(zuo)。菜(cai)豆(dou)和(he)非豆(dou)科蔬菜(cai)實(shi)行(xing)2年(nian)以上(shang)(shang)輪作(zuo)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)舊架材前(qian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50％的(de)(de)(de)代森銨水(shui)劑(ji)1000倍(bei)(bei)液對(dui)其(qi)淋洗(xi)滅菌(jun)。（四(si)）加強(qiang)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)管理。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地膜或(huo)稻草等(deng)覆蓋栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)，降(jiang)低空氣濕(shi)(shi)度，可(ke)防止或(huo)減輕土(tu)壤病(bing)(bing)菌(jun)傳(chuan)播(bo)(bo)。深翻土(tu)地，增施磷鉀肥(fei)，田(tian)間(jian)及(ji)時拔除(chu)病(bing)(bing)苗，雨(yu)后及(ji)時中耕(geng)，施能后培(pei)(pei)土(tu)，注(zhu)意(yi)排澇，降(jiang)低土(tu)壤含水(shui)量。（五）藥(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)防治。發病(bing)(bing)初(chu)期開始噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)75％的(de)(de)(de)百菌(jun)清(qing)可(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉劑(ji)600倍(bei)(bei)液，或(huo)50％的(de)(de)(de)多菌(jun)靈可(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉劑(ji)500倍(bei)(bei)液，或(huo)50％的(de)(de)(de)甲基托布(bu)津可(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉劑(ji)500倍(bei)(bei)液，或(huo)70％的(de)(de)(de)代森錳(meng)鋅可(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉劑(ji)500倍(bei)(bei)液等(deng)，一般每(mei)隔(ge)5～7天(tian)噴(pen)1次藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，連噴(pen)2～3次。噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)要(yao)周到，特別(bie)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)葉(xie)片的(de)(de)(de)背面。保護地可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)30％的(de)(de)(de)百菌(jun)清(qing)煙劑(ji)熏煙，每(mei)畝用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)量250～300克。