隨著國家財(cai)力和地(di)方(fang)財(cai)力的(de)不斷增長，我們更有(you)(you)條(tiao)件逐步擴大農業補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)、完善補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)機制，有(you)(you)條(tiao)件的(de)地(di)方(fang)可以在農業補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)方(fang)面(mian)因地(di)制宜采取有(you)(you)效(xiao)措施，先(xian)行先(xian)試，切(qie)實使農業補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)成為強農惠農的(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)政策工具。

　　日前(qian)，國務院(yuan)辦公(gong)廳印發通(tong)知，對(dui)(dui)降低(di)農(nong)產品(pin)流通(tong)環節的(de)各項費(fei)用(yong)提出(chu)了明確(que)要求。這是(shi)近年來國務院(yuan)以及有關部委連(lian)續幾(ji)次對(dui)(dui)降低(di)農(nong)產品(pin)流通(tong)費(fei)用(yong)作出(chu)的(de)又一(yi)明確(que)規(gui)定，釋放出(chu)加大農(nong)業補貼以促進農(nong)業可持續發展的(de)信號(hao)。

　　通(tong)(tong)過農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)直補、降低農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品流通(tong)(tong)費(fei)用等(deng)多(duo)(duo)種方式(shi)加大農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)補貼，既符(fu)合我(wo)國國情(qing)也是世界通(tong)(tong)行做法。從國內來看，我(wo)國是家庭經營為(wei)主的小規模農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)，在自然風險(xian)和(he)市場風險(xian)更趨(qu)頻(pin)繁起伏(fu)的背景下，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)抗風險(xian)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品抗風險(xian)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民抗風險(xian)的能力很有限(xian)。同時，隨著人口增加、經濟發展(zhan)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村勞動力大規模持續轉移，消費(fei)市場對農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品的需求更多(duo)(duo)、更高、更多(duo)(duo)樣化，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品保(bao)供給(gei)的壓力和(he)挑戰(zhan)很大。在這(zhe)種情(qing)況下，保(bao)障(zhang)糧食等(deng)主要農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品有效(xiao)供給(gei)、保(bao)護(hu)(hu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民務農(nong)(nong)(nong)積(ji)極(ji)性、促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)可持續發展(zhan)，必須增加補貼、強化保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，這(zhe)既是客觀(guan)趨(qu)勢也是現實路徑。

　　從國(guo)(guo)際來看，按照(zhao)世貿組織規則(ze)，大(da)多數(shu)國(guo)(guo)家通過直接(jie)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼和間接(jie)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼方式支持農業(ye)發展(zhan)。經濟(ji)發達國(guo)(guo)家對農業(ye)實施補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼較(jiao)早，美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)早在上世紀30年代(dai)就(jiu)開始實現農業(ye)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼，目前美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)農業(ye)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼發放(fang)對象是(shi)年收(shou)(shou)入(ru)不超(chao)過120萬美(mei)(mei)元的農場(chang)主(zhu)。在補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼方式上，許多國(guo)(guo)家按照(zhao)農民(min)(min)銷售(shou)產品(pin)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)直接(jie)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼給生(sheng)產者(zhe)，比如一(yi)(yi)個農民(min)(min)向市(shi)場(chang)銷售(shou)100美(mei)(mei)元農產品(pin)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)，政府按這一(yi)(yi)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)的一(yi)(yi)定比例給予(yu)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼。在日本，為了降(jiang)低蔬菜銷售(shou)成(cheng)本，全部免費提供蔬菜批發市(shi)場(chang)，較(jiao)好(hao)地維持了蔬菜價格穩定。

　　近年來，我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)力度逐漸加大(da)。不過，與(yu)發(fa)達國家相比(bi)、與(yu)世貿組織允(yun)許(xu)的(de)(de)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)規則相比(bi)、與(yu)我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展的(de)(de)現實(shi)(shi)要(yao)求相比(bi)，還有(you)(you)不小距(ju)離，更有(you)(you)不少(shao)空間。以農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保險(xian)為例，面對高自然(ran)風險(xian)和高市(shi)場(chang)風險(xian)的(de)(de)特性(xing)，我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品保險(xian)推廣緩慢，而沒(mei)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保險(xian)的(de)(de)支持，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)很容(rong)易遭受(shou)損失，務農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)積極性(xing)也(ye)容(rong)易受(shou)到影響。同時，目(mu)前農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品收購價格(ge)整體上依然(ran)偏低，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)務農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)比(bi)較效益低下(xia)，等等，這就(jiu)需要(yao)我(wo)們(men)在(zai)加大(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)投入、提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)等方面進一步采取(qu)切(qie)實(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)政策措施。

　　加(jia)大農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)補(bu)貼利國利民(min)，是應(ying)對農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)高(gao)成本(ben)、化解農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)高(gao)風險、突破農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)瓶(ping)頸(jing)制(zhi)約(yue)的有(you)效工(gong)(gong)具。隨(sui)著(zhu)國家財(cai)力和(he)地方(fang)財(cai)力的不斷增(zeng)長，我(wo)們更有(you)條件(jian)逐(zhu)步擴大農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)補(bu)貼、完(wan)善補(bu)貼機制(zhi)，有(you)條件(jian)的地方(fang)可(ke)以(yi)在農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)補(bu)貼方(fang)面因地制(zhi)宜采取(qu)有(you)效措(cuo)施，先行先試，切實使農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)補(bu)貼成為強農(nong)(nong)惠農(nong)(nong)的有(you)效政(zheng)策工(gong)(gong)具，促進農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)可(ke)持續發展(zhan)。