本報記者孫志剛

　　河南糧食生產實現九連增，得益于國家惠農政策與科技進步，特別是以良種為代表的科技成果推廣。據統計，目前我省良種在科技進步貢獻率中所占比例達45%以上，高于全國43%的平均水平，良種覆蓋率96%以上，糧食單產增加對總產提高的貢獻率達90%以上。這標志著以良種為代表的科技進步，已成為引領和支撐河南糧食生產連年增長的主要力量。本報記者就我省種子管理(li)工作(zuo)采(cai)訪了河南省種子管理(li)站站長毛(mao)景英。

　　記者(zhe)：河南(nan)省種子管理站(zhan)采取哪些措施(shi)保障優良品種安全推廣？

　　毛景英：優良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)推廣包括供(gong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)量安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質量安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)。在(zai)保障供(gong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)量安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)方面(mian)，通過(guo)每(mei)年召開夏、秋(qiu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)市場供(gong)需形(xing)勢(shi)分析(xi)會，及時(shi)發布種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)市場預(yu)測余缺信息，宏觀(guan)指導企(qi)業繁種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)積(ji)和(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)調運籌備，預(yu)定省內、省外銷售計劃，以防種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)出現用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)短缺和(he)庫存(cun)積(ji)壓。為保障品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質量安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)，加強對(dui)繁種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、精選

　　加工(gong)、市場銷售(shou)等(deng)環節的監控，確保種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發芽率(lv)、純度、凈度、水分四大(da)質量指標(biao)達到(dao)國家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)。為保障(zhang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植安全(quan)，組織“三(san)農”專家(jia)對當年推廣品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進行(xing)田間(jian)表現考察，提(ti)出品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植利用布局意見，宏觀指導(dao)企業(ye)制定種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子銷售(shou)區、農民選擇品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

　　記者：種子企業的發展面臨新一輪的機遇和挑戰，你認為種業公司發展改革(ge)的方向是什么？

　　毛景英：一(yi)是(shi)要建(jian)立自己的(de)商業(ye)育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)體系。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)企業(ye)要利用(yong)好(hao)現有育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)力量和資(zi)源，利用(yong)好(hao)公益性研究(jiu)成果，按照市(shi)場化(hua)、產業(ye)化(hua)育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)模(mo)式(shi)開展品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)研發，爭取進入(ru)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定(ding)綠色(se)通道企業(ye)行列(lie)。二是(shi)抓住企業(ye)升級改造(zao)(zao)、兼并重組的(de)機會(hui)，通過(guo)并購、參股等方(fang)式(shi)整合農(nong)作(zuo)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)資(zi)源，優化(hua)資(zi)源配置，擴大市(shi)場份額，打造(zao)(zao)具有核心競爭力的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)企業(ye)。三是(shi)加強種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)產基(ji)地建(jian)設。科學規(gui)劃(hua)、合理(li)布局，建(jian)立相對集中、穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)產基(ji)地，增強種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)產能(neng)力。

　　記者(zhe)：省種子管(guan)理站對種子生產、質(zhi)量和檢驗是如何把關的(de)？

　　毛景英：當前，對農作物種子生產實行許可管理，依照《種子法》和《農作物種子經營許可管理辦法規定》，對種子企業的注冊資金、加工檢驗設備、技術人員資質等進行檢查，實行現場、實物、票據三對照。對不符合條件的要求其限期整改，拒不整改或整改后仍達不到條件的，堅決注銷、撤銷、吊銷其種子生產許可證。在質量和檢驗方面，年初，對進入生產企業的種子和樣品進行抽查，施行前期管理和重心下沉，實行關口前移；在春季、秋季市場檢查中，重點對玉米和小麥種子進(jin)行抽查(cha)，在夏、秋(qiu)季(ji)節進(jin)行生產(chan)基地(di)管理(li)，開(kai)展田間檢驗和花期抽檢，對(dui)質量不合格(ge)的(de)種子按(an)劣種和假(jia)種處(chu)(chu)理(li)。對(dui)假(jia)冒、套牌(pai)、侵權、非審定區(qu)域(yu)銷(xiao)售以(yi)及商(shang)標標識不規(gui)(gui)范的(de)行為，嚴格(ge)按(an)照相關規(gui)(gui)定查(cha)處(chu)(chu)，觸犯刑律的(de)，一(yi)律移交公安部門處(chu)(chu)理(li)。

　　記者(zhe)：品種管(guan)理(li)是種子(zi)(zi)管(guan)理(li)的(de)核心，省種子(zi)(zi)管(guan)理(li)站(zhan)對品種試驗是如何管(guan)理(li)的(de)？

　　毛景英：在品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)管理工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)，省種(zhong)(zhong)子管理站努(nu)力(li)做(zuo)好(hao)三方(fang)面的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。一是采取參(can)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)第(di)三方(fang)密(mi)碼編號(hao)、提(ti)高對(dui)照品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)標準、區(qu)域試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)封閉運行、加(jia)強試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)點(dian)監督檢查等(deng)措施，推進品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)規(gui)范(fan)化(hua)管理，有效減小試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)人為誤差。二是加(jia)大(da)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)監管力(li)度(du)。在作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物生長(chang)期間，由省品(pin)(pin)(pin)審辦組織專家到(dao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)點(dian)考(kao)(kao)察，重點(dian)考(kao)(kao)察試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)質量(liang)；主持單(dan)(dan)位要掌(zhang)握試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)動態(tai)，田間考(kao)(kao)察要形成文字材(cai)料和圖片說明，用(yong)考(kao)(kao)察記(ji)錄(lu)印證(zheng)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)點(dian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)數據，保證(zheng)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)審定客觀(guan)公正性(xing)。三是完善品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)管理體系(xi)。對(dui)具備試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)條件(jian)、長(chang)期承擔試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)并(bing)能較好(hao)完成試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)任務的(de)單(dan)(dan)位，給予(yu)承擔品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)資(zi)格(ge)的(de)認(ren)證(zheng)，爭取項目(mu)投資(zi)，并(bing)在今后的(de)項目(mu)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)優先予(yu)以支持。對(dui)承擔品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)人員，按照農(nong)業部的(de)要求逐步(bu)實(shi)行考(kao)(kao)核準入(ru)制度(du)，確(que)保試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)科學性(xing)、真實(shi)性(xing)。