種子是(shi)農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)最基(ji)本的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)資(zi)料(liao)。優良(liang)的(de)(de)種子(zi)(zi)能(neng)提高農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品產(chan)量和質量，良(liang)種增產(chan)在農(nong)(nong)作物(wu)發展中占(zhan)首要(yao)地位(wei)。自從種子(zi)(zi)法頒布實施以(yi)來，我國種子(zi)(zi)產(chan)業逐(zhu)步(bu)進(jin)入市場(chang)化，對農(nong)(nong)村經(jing)濟的(de)(de)發展起到了很大的(de)(de)促進(jin)作用。但同時(shi)也暴露出不(bu)少問(wen)題，已經(jing)威脅到農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)安(an)全，損害(hai)了農(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)利益，需要(yao)我們認真(zhen)研究(jiu)逐(zhu)步(bu)加以(yi)解決，具體(ti)表現在以(yi)下幾(ji)個方面:

　　一是(shi)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)經(jing)營(ying)單位和(he)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)數量(liang)多而雜，整體素(su)質低。一些單位和(he)個人(ren)(ren)把(ba)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)經(jing)營(ying)作為爭(zheng)取“財源”的(de)途徑，根本不(bu)顧種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)法(fa)的(de)有關規定，在既不(bu)懂(dong)技術又無(wu)檢驗、檢測手段的(de)條(tiao)件下，盲目地(di)搞起種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)經(jing)營(ying)，如(ru)不(bu)用原種(zhong)繁育一級(ji)良(liang)種(zhong)、用商品糧做一級(ji)良(liang)種(zhong)等(deng)亂繁種(zhong)、亂收種(zhong)現象嚴重，給不(bu)合格種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)進入市場提供了條(tiao)件。從(cong)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)中(zhong)具備相關專業(ye)知識(shi)的(de)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)較少，僅占30％左(zuo)右，農民(min)、無(wu)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)和(he)從(cong)事其他小(xiao)商品零(ling)售的(de)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)居多。農業(ye)部門主導品種(zhong)的(de)推廣較難(nan)，品種(zhong)布局和(he)售后服務基本無(wu)從(cong)開展。

　　二是濫用商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)名，夸大宣傳，誤導(dao)農民。普通品(pin)(pin)種、老品(pin)(pin)種冠(guan)以(yi)耀眼(yan)的商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)名；同一個品(pin)(pin)種不同的經營單位有不同的商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)名，而審定名卻印在背(bei)面(mian)某個不顯眼(yan)的地方。

　　三是未(wei)審(shen)先推，給農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產安全帶來隱患(huan)。如以低價的(de)大路貨(huo)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)包裝(zhuang)成高價的(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)出(chu)售(shou)(shou)，以獲取最大利潤；以未(wei)審(shen)定(ding)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)包裝(zhuang)成已審(shen)定(ding)的(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，避開品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)關，躲過(guo)法(fa)律制裁(cai)，提早(zao)上市；直接銷售(shou)(shou)未(wei)經審(shen)定(ding)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。這(zhe)些假種(zhong)子和未(wei)審(shen)定(ding)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)對農(nong)民增收和農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產安全帶來隱患(huan)。要鑒別種(zhong)子的(de)真(zhen)實性(xing)，難度較大。

　　四是(shi)對育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)家利(li)益(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)護的(de)(de)不(bu)夠，造成(cheng)(cheng)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)者利(li)益(yi)(yi)(yi)受損，而經營者受益(yi)(yi)(yi)，農民(min)受害(hai)。具體表現在:種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)生(sheng)產、經營企業不(bu)從育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)家手里引原種(zhong)(zhong)繁育(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)級良種(zhong)(zhong)，而是(shi)用一(yi)(yi)級種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)繁育(yu)(yu)或(huo)用農民(min)產下的(de)(de)商(shang)品(pin)糧(liang)做種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)低(di)價(jia)銷售(shou)，造成(cheng)(cheng)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)家利(li)益(yi)(yi)(yi)受損，農民(min)受害(hai)；育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)家育(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，有的(de)(de)雖申請了國家新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)護權(quan)(quan)，但其(qi)合(he)法(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)益(yi)(yi)(yi)并不(bu)能得到保(bao)證。一(yi)(yi)些經銷商(shang)不(bu)經授權(quan)(quan)違法(fa)(fa)經銷國家保(bao)護品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，并以次(ci)充(chong)好，低(di)價(jia)銷售(shou)，構成(cheng)(cheng)了嚴重的(de)(de)侵權(quan)(quan)行(xing)為(wei)。同時由(you)于執法(fa)(fa)部門(men)分工不(bu)明確，執法(fa)(fa)打擊力度不(bu)夠，造成(cheng)(cheng)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)侵權(quan)(quan)現象泛濫。

　　為(wei)了(le)規(gui)范(fan)我(wo)國種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)市場，保護育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者和(he)農(nong)民利(li)益(yi)，筆(bi)者吁(yu)請(qing)國家(jia)農(nong)業(ye)部盡(jin)快出(chu)(chu)臺執行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)法實施細則(ze)，保護種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)市場穩定和(he)農(nong)民利(li)益(yi)。首先，出(chu)(chu)臺品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保護實施細則(ze)，保護育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)家(jia)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)出(chu)(chu)的品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不受侵害。對于育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)家(jia)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)出(chu)(chu)通過國家(jia)或(huo)(huo)者省級(ji)審定的農(nong)作(zuo)物新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)根據品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)果水平(ping)的大小，給予不同程度的獎勵(li)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)經營企(qi)業(ye)必(bi)須(xu)從育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)家(jia)手(shou)里引(yin)進原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)(huo)雜交(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)親本，方可繁育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一級(ji)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)(huo)雜交(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，否則(ze)視為(wei)劣(lie)質種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)(huo)假種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)。這樣即能保證(zheng)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)純度和(he)優良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(包(bao)括雜交(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性，又能保護農(nong)民利(li)益(yi)。

　　其次，對種子(zi)生產(chan)、經營(ying)單位和經銷商(shang)實行執業資格準入制度，提高種子(zi)生產(chan)經營(ying)準入條件，嚴格種子(zi)生產(chan)、經營(ying)許可證(zheng)的發放(fang)。對達不(bu)到要求的種子(zi)生產(chan)、經營(ying)單位堅決不(bu)予(yu)審(shen)核、頒(ban)證(zheng)。嚴防假冒偽劣、以次充好(hao)的種子(zi)上(shang)市，杜絕坑農害農事件的發生。對于把(ba)沒審(shen)定的乙(yi)品(pin)種，換成已審(shen)定的甲(jia)品(pin)種在市場(chang)上(shang)經銷，要按經銷假種子(zi)依法(fa)給予(yu)重罰(fa)，并吊銷其營(ying)業執照(zhao)。

　　第三，建(jian)(jian)立品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)認定(ding)制(zhi)度，對(dui)于已通過省(sheng)級或國家審(shen)定(ding)的(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)跨區(qu)(qu)域推廣價(jia)值的(de)，可(ke)由育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單位提出參加(jia)引入(ru)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)簡化試驗程(cheng)序，進行(xing)認定(ding)。這(zhe)樣既可(ke)避免管理制(zhi)度上的(de)不(bu)充分，又可(ke)加(jia)快優良(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)應用。建(jian)(jian)立新品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)展(zhan)示園區(qu)(qu)，對(dui)主導品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)實(shi)行(xing)推薦(jian)制(zhi)，并實(shi)行(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)補貼，每年由農(nong)(nong)業主管部門(men)廣泛征(zheng)集省(sheng)內外展(zhan)示品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(包括區(qu)(qu)域外審(shen)定(ding)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))，從中(zhong)篩選出適(shi)合本地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)主導品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(試驗兩(liang)年本地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)認定(ding))，對(dui)主導品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)政(zheng)府財政(zheng)應給予適(shi)當補貼，并進行(xing)廣泛宣傳，做到(dao)農(nong)(nong)民(min)家喻戶曉，強有(you)力地(di)(di)(di)推動和(he)引導農(nong)(nong)民(min)選購高產、優質、多抗良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。(來(lai)源:人民(min)政(zheng)協網)