廣東省水稻種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植和(he)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在我國(guo)具(ju)有(you)(you)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)地位，2021年(nian)(nian)廣東(dong)省(sheng)水(shui)稻播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面積和(he)總(zong)產量分別為182.74萬(wan)hm²和(he)1104.4萬(wan)t，均(jun)居全國(guo)第8位。廣東(dong)省(sheng)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)平(ping)處(chu)于全國(guo)前列(lie)，審定(ding)(ding)通(tong)過的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)稻品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)具(ju)有(you)(you)高產、優質、抗(kang)性(xing)好、推(tui)廣面積大(da)等特(te)(te)點。自1978年(nian)(nian)實行品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定(ding)(ding)制(zhi)度(du)以來至2021年(nian)(nian)，有(you)(you)1135個(ge)次品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)過廣東(dong)省(sheng)或國(guo)家(jia)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定(ding)(ding)，迄今已有(you)(you)常(chang)規稻廣陸矮4號、窄葉青8號、特(te)(te)青2號、黃華占(zhan)及雜(za)交稻汕優3550、II優3550、博(bo)優998、天優998等36個(ge)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)推(tui)廣面積超(chao)66.7萬(wan)hm²。“十三(san)五”以來，伴隨居民(min)消費(fei)市場升級(ji)、生物(wu)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前沿技術加速發(fa)展、水(shui)稻種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植結構改變等種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業形勢變化，廣東(dong)省(sheng)審定(ding)(ding)通(tong)過的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)稻品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特(te)(te)性(xing)有(you)(you)所改變。本文根(gen)據(ju)國(guo)家(jia)水(shui)稻數據(ju)中(zhong)心統計(ji)(ji)數據(ju)，統計(ji)(ji)分析2016-2021年(nian)(nian)廣東(dong)省(sheng)審定(ding)(ding)通(tong)過水(shui)稻品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藝性(xing)狀(zhuang)、米質和(he)抗(kang)性(xing)等，旨在為水(shui)稻新品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選育(yu)提(ti)供參考。
審定品種數量(liang)及類型
從表1可(ke)知(zhi)，廣東(dong)省2016-2021年(nian)(nian)審(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)通(tong)(tong)過的(de)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)品(pin)(pin)種共466個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，其中2016年(nian)(nian)61個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、2017年(nian)(nian)82個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、2018年(nian)(nian)64個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、2019年(nian)(nian)86個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、2020年(nian)(nian)96個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、2021年(nian)(nian)77個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)審(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)78個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)品(pin)(pin)種；廣東(dong)省審(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)通(tong)(tong)過的(de)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)品(pin)(pin)種類型(xing)(xing)主要是(shi)秈型(xing)(xing)常規(gui)(gui)稻(dao)(dao)、秈型(xing)(xing)兩(liang)系(xi)雜交稻(dao)(dao)和(he)秈型(xing)(xing)三系(xi)雜交稻(dao)(dao)，其品(pin)(pin)種數量分別為149個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、84個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、232個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，分別占總數的(de)31.97%、18.03%和(he)49.79%，均(jun)適宜在廣東(dong)省內早晚造種植。有(you)(you)21個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)香稻(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)過審(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)，包含秈型(xing)(xing)常規(gui)(gui)稻(dao)(dao)11個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)和(he)秈型(xing)(xing)三系(xi)雜交稻(dao)(dao)10個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)；有(you)(you)18個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)色稻(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)過審(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)，其中紅米(mi)17個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)（包含9個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)秈型(xing)(xing)常規(gui)(gui)稻(dao)(dao)、6個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)秈型(xing)(xing)兩(liang)系(xi)雜交稻(dao)(dao)、2個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)秈型(xing)(xing)三系(xi)雜交稻(dao)(dao)）、黑(hei)米(mi)1個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)（南兩(liang)優黑(hei)一號）。
品種選育單位
?品種(zhong)選育(yu)單位統計
廣(guang)東(dong)省2016-2021年通過審(shen)定(ding)的466個水稻品(pin)種(zhong)主要由科(ke)研院(yuan)所、企(qi)(qi)業以及科(ke)企(qi)(qi)合(he)作選育(yu)(yu)，企(qi)(qi)業合(he)作選育(yu)(yu)的品(pin)種(zhong)數(shu)量(liang)較少，其中(zhong)由科(ke)研院(yuan)所選育(yu)(yu)的品(pin)種(zhong)數(shu)量(liang)為182個，占(zhan)39.06%；由企(qi)(qi)業單獨(du)選育(yu)(yu)的品(pin)種(zhong)數(shu)量(liang)為121個，占(zhan)25.97%；由科(ke)研院(yuan)所和企(qi)(qi)業合(he)作選育(yu)(yu)的品(pin)種(zhong)數(shu)量(liang)為146個，占(zhan)31.33%；由企(qi)(qi)業間合(he)作選育(yu)(yu)的品(pin)種(zhong)數(shu)量(liang)為17個，僅占(zhan)3.65%（表2）。
?第(di)一選育單(dan)位
466個審定品種共有79家第一選育單位，其中科研院所34家，企業45家。審定品種個數最多的10家單位中有4家科研院所和6家企業，依次為：廣東省農業科學院水稻研究所（148個）、廣東粵良種業有限公司（32個）、華南農業大學國家植物航天育種工程技術研究中心（29個）、廣東天弘種業有限公司（20個）、廣東華農大種業有限公司（14個）、廣東省金稻種業有限公司（12個）、廣州市農業科學研究院（12個）、廣東鮮美種苗股份有限公司（12個）、袁隆平農業高科技股(gu)份有限公司(si)（11個(ge)）、佛山市農業科(ke)學研究所（9個(ge)），以上10家單位共審定通過了299個(ge)水稻品(pin)種，占審定總數的64.16%。
審定品種的主要性(xing)狀分(fen)析
;?年(nian)度間產量變化
廣東(dong)省2016-2021年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣溫穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)在22.3~23.0℃之間(jian)，日(ri)照(zhao)時數(shu)除2021年(nian)(nian)外，其他年(nian)(nian)份的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)照(zhao)時數(shu)比(bi)較接近，整體氣候(hou)(hou)條件比(bi)較穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)（圖1）。2016-2021年(nian)(nian)廣東(dong)省審定(ding)(ding)水稻(dao)品種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)年(nian)(nian)份每hm²平(ping)均產(chan)量分別為7151.50kg、7342.29kg、7319.29kg、7110.98kg、7190.27kg、7114.89kg，同年(nian)(nian)相(xiang)比(bi)區域試(shi)驗對(dui)照(zhao)品種(zhong)(zhong)，增(zeng)產(chan)幅度(du)分別為2.16%、2.86%、3.98%、4.23%、3.83%、3.25%，共有370個水稻(dao)品種(zhong)(zhong)比(bi)對(dui)照(zhao)增(zeng)產(chan)，占(zhan)審定(ding)(ding)品種(zhong)(zhong)總數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)79.40%，96個水稻(dao)品種(zhong)(zhong)相(xiang)對(dui)對(dui)照(zhao)減(jian)產(chan)，占(zhan)審定(ding)(ding)品種(zhong)(zhong)總數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)20.60%。除2020年(nian)(nian)審定(ding)(ding)品種(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)量變(bian)異(yi)系數(shu)為11.14%外，其他年(nian)(nian)份審定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)水稻(dao)品種(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)量變(bian)異(yi)系數(shu)均小于(yu)10%，各(ge)年(nian)(nian)份審定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)水稻(dao)品種(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)量相(xiang)對(dui)平(ping)穩(wen)，氣候(hou)(hou)條件對(dui)審定(ding)(ding)品種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)量影響較小（表(biao)3）。
2016-2021年廣東省審定(ding)的水稻(dao)品(pin)種中(zhong)，各類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)水稻(dao)品(pin)種生(sheng)(sheng)育期、株高、有效穗數、穗長、結(jie)實(shi)率、千(qian)粒(li)重和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產試驗產量均(jun)(jun)比較接近（表4）。秈(xian)(xian)(xian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)常(chang)(chang)規(gui)稻(dao)和(he)秈(xian)(xian)(xian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雜交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)稻(dao)的平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)生(sheng)(sheng)育期在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)117.23~122.68d之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)株高在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)102.17~109.42cm之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)有效穗數在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)255.60~280.93萬穗/hm²之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)穗長在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)21.84~23.88cm之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)每穗粒(li)數在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)138.08~153.10粒(li)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)；秈(xian)(xian)(xian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)常(chang)(chang)規(gui)稻(dao)的結(jie)實(shi)率在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)84.24%~86.00%之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，高于(yu)秈(xian)(xian)(xian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩(liang)系(xi)(xi)雜交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)稻(dao)（82.68%~84.70%）和(he)秈(xian)(xian)(xian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)系(xi)(xi)雜交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)稻(dao)（82.14%~83.20%）的結(jie)實(shi)率；秈(xian)(xian)(xian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)系(xi)(xi)雜交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)稻(dao)和(he)秈(xian)(xian)(xian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩(liang)系(xi)(xi)雜交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)稻(dao)的千(qian)粒(li)重分(fen)(fen)別在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)23.90~24.92g、23.60~25.03g之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，略高于(yu)秈(xian)(xian)(xian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)常(chang)(chang)規(gui)稻(dao)的千(qian)粒(li)重（22.32~23.42g）；秈(xian)(xian)(xian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩(liang)系(xi)(xi)雜交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)稻(dao)以及秈(xian)(xian)(xian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)系(xi)(xi)雜交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)稻(dao)的產量分(fen)(fen)別在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)7026.38~7914.80kg/hm²、7042.64~7479.74kg/hm²之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，略高于(yu)秈(xian)(xian)(xian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)常(chang)(chang)規(gui)稻(dao)的產量（6840.37~7299.04kg/hm²）；相(xiang)對于(yu)對照品(pin)種，秈(xian)(xian)(xian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)常(chang)(chang)規(gui)稻(dao)、秈(xian)(xian)(xian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩(liang)系(xi)(xi)雜交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)稻(dao)、秈(xian)(xian)(xian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)系(xi)(xi)雜交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)稻(dao)分(fen)(fen)別增產1.11%~5.58%、1.89%~5.96%、1.00%~4.24%。
?審定品種抗性表現
由表5可知，2016-2021年(nian)廣(guang)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)審(shen)(shen)定(ding)通(tong)過的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)品(pin)(pin)種稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)病(bing)抗(kang)(kang)性(xing)(xing)為(wei)高抗(kang)(kang)、抗(kang)(kang)、中(zhong)抗(kang)(kang)、中(zhong)感(gan)、感(gan)和(he)(he)高感(gan)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)品(pin)(pin)種數(shu)量分(fen)別為(wei)87個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、299個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、54個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、17個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、7個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)和(he)(he)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)病(bing)抗(kang)(kang)性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)抗(kang)(kang)及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)品(pin)(pin)種數(shu)量為(wei)440個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，占94.42%，表明(ming)(ming)廣(guang)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)2016-2021年(nian)所(suo)審(shen)(shen)定(ding)通(tong)過的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)品(pin)(pin)種具備較強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)病(bing)抗(kang)(kang)性(xing)(xing)。2016-2021年(nian)廣(guang)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)通(tong)過審(shen)(shen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)品(pin)(pin)種白(bai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)枯(ku)病(bing)抗(kang)(kang)性(xing)(xing)為(wei)抗(kang)(kang)、中(zhong)抗(kang)(kang)、中(zhong)感(gan)、感(gan)和(he)(he)高感(gan)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)品(pin)(pin)種數(shu)量分(fen)別為(wei)20個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、66個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、133個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、170個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)和(he)(he)77個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，白(bai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)枯(ku)病(bing)抗(kang)(kang)性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)抗(kang)(kang)及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)品(pin)(pin)種數(shu)量為(wei)86個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，占18.45%，說明(ming)(ming)廣(guang)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)2016-2021年(nian)所(suo)審(shen)(shen)定(ding)通(tong)過的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)品(pin)(pin)種的(de)(de)(de)白(bai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)枯(ku)病(bing)抗(kang)(kang)性(xing)(xing)仍有提升的(de)(de)(de)空間；同時(shi)具備雙(shuang)抗(kang)(kang)（稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)病(bing)、白(bai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)枯(ku)病(bing)抗(kang)(kang)性(xing)(xing)）達(da)中(zhong)抗(kang)(kang)及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)水(shui)(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)品(pin)(pin)種數(shu)量為(wei)82個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)（圖2）。
廣東省2016-2021年(nian)各年(nian)審(shen)定(ding)通過的(de)水稻品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)葉(xie)瘟和穗(sui)瘟等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)較低且波動(dong)幅度較小（圖(tu)3），其審(shen)定(ding)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)的(de)葉(xie)瘟等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)范(fan)圍(wei)在(zai)0.8~3.0之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)，50%的(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)葉(xie)瘟等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)1.2~2.0之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)，葉(xie)瘟平均(jun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、中位(wei)(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)在(zai)1.45~1.76、1.4~1.6之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)；審(shen)定(ding)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)的(de)穗(sui)瘟等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)范(fan)圍(wei)在(zai)1.0~5.4之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)，50%的(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)量穗(sui)瘟等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)1.7~3.5之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)，穗(sui)瘟平均(jun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、中位(wei)(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)在(zai)2.27~2.81、2.2~3.0之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)。白葉(xie)枯(ku)菌株(zhu)(zhu)的(de)抗性(xing)有一定(ding)的(de)波動(dong)，2016年(nian)審(shen)定(ding)水稻品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)的(de)白葉(xie)枯(ku)菌株(zhu)(zhu)抗性(xing)弱于其他年(nian)份(fen)，2016年(nian)Ⅳ型菌株(zhu)(zhu)抗性(xing)的(de)平均(jun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、中位(wei)(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)為6.79、7.0，Ⅴ型菌株(zhu)(zhu)抗性(xing)的(de)平均(jun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、中位(wei)(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)為8.07、7.0，而(er)2017-2021年(nian)份(fen)的(de)Ⅳ型菌株(zhu)(zhu)抗性(xing)平均(jun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、中位(wei)(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)為4.42~5.21、5.0，Ⅴ型菌株(zhu)(zhu)抗性(xing)平均(jun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、中位(wei)(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)為6.30~7.07、7.0（圖(tu)3）。
?審定品種優質稻數量(liang)統計
廣(guang)(guang)東省2016-2021年(nian)審定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水稻(dao)(dao)(dao)品(pin)種(zhong)中(zhong)有(you)282個(ge)水稻(dao)(dao)(dao)品(pin)種(zhong)米質(zhi)達(da)到(dao)(dao)國標(biao)優(you)(you)質(zhi)三(san)級(ji)（部(bu)標(biao)三(san)級(ji)）及以上，其(qi)中(zhong)秈(xian)型常(chang)規稻(dao)(dao)(dao)118個(ge)、秈(xian)型三(san)系雜(za)(za)交(jiao)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)113個(ge)、秈(xian)型兩系雜(za)(za)交(jiao)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)51個(ge)，共占審定(ding)(ding)品(pin)種(zhong)總數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60.52%（表6）。廣(guang)(guang)東省審定(ding)(ding)通過的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水稻(dao)(dao)(dao)品(pin)種(zhong)達(da)到(dao)(dao)國標(biao)一(yi)級(ji)（部(bu)標(biao)一(yi)級(ji)）和(he)國標(biao)二級(ji)（部(bu)標(biao)二級(ji)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)水稻(dao)(dao)(dao)品(pin)種(zhong)比例(li)整(zheng)體(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，未達(da)國標(biao)（部(bu)標(biao)）米質(zhi)優(you)(you)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)數(shu)量比例(li)由2016-2018年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)48.78%~54.10%逐(zhu)漸下降至2020年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)27.08%和(he)2021年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)28.57%，達(da)到(dao)(dao)國標(biao)（部(bu)標(biao)）優(you)(you)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水稻(dao)(dao)(dao)品(pin)種(zhong)數(shu)量占比整(zheng)體(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)（圖4）。2016-2021年(nian)廣(guang)(guang)東省審定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水稻(dao)(dao)(dao)品(pin)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堊白度逐(zhu)年(nian)下降，稻(dao)(dao)(dao)米透明度級(ji)別逐(zhu)年(nian)降低，稻(dao)(dao)(dao)米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長寬(kuan)比在2020-2021年(nian)有(you)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢，所審定(ding)(ding)品(pin)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)米質(zhi)性(xing)狀有(you)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提升（表7）。
?不育系使(shi)用情況
由表8可知，2016-2021年廣(guang)東省(sheng)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)通(tong)過(guo)的(de)317個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)使用了(le)129個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)不(bu)(bu)育系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，其中兩系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)不(bu)(bu)育系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)38個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、三系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)不(bu)(bu)育系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)91個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。所審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)的(de)317個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)中，有(you)180個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)利用了(le)本省(sheng)選(xuan)育的(de)52個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)不(bu)(bu)育系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，137個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)利用了(le)外(wai)省(sheng)選(xuan)育的(de)77個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)不(bu)(bu)育系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，表明(ming)廣(guang)東省(sheng)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)利用的(de)不(bu)(bu)育系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)來源較廣(guang)，對外(wai)省(sheng)的(de)不(bu)(bu)育系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)依賴程度不(bu)(bu)高(gao)；總共(gong)(gong)有(you)71個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)不(bu)(bu)育系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)僅有(you)1個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)過(guo)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)，27個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)不(bu)(bu)育系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)過(guo)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)，分別(bie)占不(bu)(bu)育系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)總數的(de)55.04%和(he)20.93%。恒豐(feng)(feng)A所配組合(he)中通(tong)過(guo)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)的(de)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)最多（共(gong)(gong)18個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)），其次是(shi)五(wu)豐(feng)(feng)A（15個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)）、吉豐(feng)(feng)A（13個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)）、Y58S和(he)裕A（12個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)）、深08S和(he)金龍A（8個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)）、廣(guang)泰(tai)A和(he)卓A（7個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)）、南11S和(he)勝(sheng)A（6個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)），表明(ming)這(zhe)些不(bu)(bu)育系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)具備較高(gao)的(de)配合(he)力。（參考(kao)文獻略）
?本文來自(zi)《廣東省2016-2021年審(shen)定水稻品種性狀與趨勢分析》
?作者：藍明全
?單位：廣(guang)西陸川縣烏石(shi)鎮農業農村綜合服(fu)務中(zhong)心(xin)
?刊于《中國種業》2023年第9期78-85頁 轉(zhuan)載請注(zhu)明
