本網訊  為貫徹落實黨的十八屆三中全會、中央農村工作會議精神和中央1號文件要求，加快構建新型農業經營體系，2月24日，農業部下發了關于促進家庭農場發展的指導意見，從促進家庭農場發展的重要意義，把握家庭農場的基本特征、工作指導要求、管理服務制度、相關扶持政策、社會化服務、人才支撐政(zheng)策、家(jia)庭農場的(de)聯合與合作等十個方面提出了指導性的(de)意(yi)見。

　　意見認為，當前，我國(guo)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)村(cun)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進入(ru)新(xin)(xin)階段，要應(ying)對農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)兼業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)、農(nong)村(cun)空(kong)心(xin)化(hua)(hua)、農(nong)民老齡化(hua)(hua)，解決誰(shui)來(lai)(lai)種(zhong)(zhong)地(di)、怎樣(yang)種(zhong)(zhong)好(hao)地(di)的(de)(de)問題，亟需(xu)加快構建新(xin)(xin)型農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)體(ti)系。家庭(ting)農(nong)場作(zuo)為(wei)新(xin)(xin)型農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主體(ti)，以(yi)農(nong)民家庭(ting)成(cheng)員為(wei)主要勞動力，以(yi)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)收入(ru)為(wei)主要收入(ru)來(lai)(lai)源，利用(yong)家庭(ting)承包土地(di)或流(liu)轉土地(di)，從事規模化(hua)(hua)、集(ji)約化(hua)(hua)、商品化(hua)(hua)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產，保留了農(nong)戶(hu)家庭(ting)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)內核，堅持了家庭(ting)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)基礎(chu)性地(di)位，適(shi)合(he)我國(guo)基本國(guo)情，符合(he)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產特點(dian)，契合(he)經(jing)(jing)濟社(she)會發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)階段，是農(nong)戶(hu)家庭(ting)承包經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)升級版(ban)，已成(cheng)為(wei)引領適(shi)度(du)規模經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)、發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)有生(sheng)力量。各(ge)級農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)部門要充(chong)分認識發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)家庭(ting)農(nong)場的(de)(de)重要意義，把這項工作(zuo)擺上(shang)重要議(yi)事日(ri)程，切(qie)實加強政策(ce)扶持和工作(zuo)指導。

　　意見強調，要(yao)(yao)把握(wo)好家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)基(ji)本特(te)征。現(xian)階段，家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)經(jing)營(ying)者主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民或(huo)其他長期從事農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產的人員，主要(yao)(yao)依靠家(jia)庭成員而(er)不是(shi)依靠雇工從事生產經(jing)營(ying)活動(dong)。家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)專(zhuan)門從事農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)，主要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行種(zhong)養業(ye)(ye)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化生產，經(jing)營(ying)者大都接受過農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)教育或(huo)技能培訓(xun)，經(jing)營(ying)管(guan)理水(shui)平較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)，示范帶(dai)動(dong)能力(li)(li)較(jiao)強，具(ju)有商品農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品生產能力(li)(li)。家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)經(jing)營(ying)規(gui)模(mo)適度(du)，種(zhong)養規(gui)模(mo)與(yu)(yu)家(jia)庭成員的勞(lao)動(dong)生產能力(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)經(jing)營(ying)管(guan)理能力(li)(li)相適應，符合當(dang)地(di)確定的規(gui)模(mo)經(jing)營(ying)標準，收(shou)入水(shui)平能與(yu)(yu)當(dang)地(di)城鎮居民相當(dang)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的土地(di)產出率、勞(lao)動(dong)生產率和(he)(he)(he)資源利(li)用率。各(ge)地(di)要(yao)(yao)正(zheng)確把握(wo)家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)特(te)征，從實(shi)(shi)際出發，根據(ju)產業(ye)(ye)特(te)點和(he)(he)(he)家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)發展進(jin)程，引導(dao)其健康(kang)發展。

　　意見指出。在(zai)(zai)我國，家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)作(zuo)為新生事物，還(huan)處在(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)起(qi)步階(jie)段。當前主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是鼓勵發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、支持發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，并(bing)在(zai)(zai)實(shi)踐(jian)中不(bu)斷(duan)探索、逐步規范(fan)。發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)要(yao)緊(jin)緊(jin)圍(wei)繞提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業綜合(he)生產能(neng)(neng)力(li)、促進(jin)糧(liang)食(shi)生產、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業增效和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民增收來開展(zhan)(zhan)，重點鼓勵和扶(fu)持家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)糧(liang)食(shi)規模化生產。要(yao)堅持農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)基(ji)(ji)本經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)制(zhi)度，以家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)承包經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)為基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)，在(zai)(zai)土(tu)地承包經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)權有序流轉的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)上，結合(he)培育新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)和發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業適(shi)度規模經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)，通過政策扶(fu)持、示范(fan)引導、完(wan)善服(fu)務，積極穩妥地加以推(tui)進(jin)。充分認(ren)識到(dao)，在(zai)(zai)相當長時期內普通農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶仍是農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)，在(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)的(de)同時，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)忽視普通農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶的(de)地位和作(zuo)用。要(yao)充分認(ren)識到(dao)，不(bu)斷(duan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)起(qi)來的(de)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)、集體(ti)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)、合(he)作(zuo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)、企(qi)業經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)等多種經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)方式，各具特色、各有優(you)勢，家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)與專業大戶、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民合(he)作(zuo)社、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業產業化經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)組織、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業企(qi)業、社會化服(fu)務組織等多種經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)，都(dou)有各自(zi)的(de)適(shi)應性和發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)空間，發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)不(bu)排斥(chi)其它農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)形式和經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)，不(bu)只追求(qiu)一(yi)種模式、一(yi)個標準。充分認(ren)識到(dao)，家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)是一(yi)個漸進(jin)過程，要(yao)靠農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)選擇，防止脫離當地實(shi)際(ji)、違背農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民意愿、片面追求(qiu)超(chao)大規模經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)傾向，人為歸(gui)大堆(dui)、壘(lei)大戶。

　　意見提出，探索(suo)建立家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)管(guan)理服務制度。為增強(qiang)扶持(chi)政策的精準(zhun)性、指向性，縣級農(nong)(nong)(nong)業部(bu)門要(yao)(yao)建立家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)檔案(an)，縣以上農(nong)(nong)(nong)業部(bu)門可(ke)從當地(di)實際出發，明確家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)認(ren)定標(biao)準(zhun)，對經(jing)營者資格(ge)、勞(lao)動力結構、收入構成(cheng)、經(jing)營規模、管(guan)理水平等提出相應要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。各地(di)要(yao)(yao)積(ji)極開(kai)展示(shi)范(fan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)創建活動，建立和發布示(shi)范(fan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)名錄，引導和促進家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)提高經(jing)營管(guan)理水平。依(yi)照自愿(yuan)原則(ze)，家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)可(ke)自主決定辦理工商注冊登(deng)記(ji)，以取得相應市場(chang)(chang)主體資格(ge)。

　　引(yin)導承包(bao)土(tu)地(di)(di)向家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)場流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。健全(quan)土(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)服(fu)務(wu)體(ti)系，為流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)雙方提供信(xin)息發布、政策咨詢、價格評估、合同(tong)簽訂指導等(deng)(deng)便捷服(fu)務(wu)。引(yin)導和鼓勵家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)場經(jing)營者通過實(shi)物計(ji)租貨(huo)幣結(jie)算、租金動態調整、土(tu)地(di)(di)經(jing)營權入股保底分紅(hong)等(deng)(deng)利益分配方式，穩定土(tu)地(di)(di)流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)關系，形(xing)成(cheng)適度的(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)經(jing)營規模。鼓勵有(you)條件(jian)的(de)地(di)(di)方將土(tu)地(di)(di)確權登記、互(hu)換(huan)并地(di)(di)與農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)基(ji)礎設施建(jian)設相結(jie)合，整合高(gao)標準農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)建(jian)設等(deng)(deng)項目(mu)資金，建(jian)設連(lian)片成(cheng)方、旱澇保收(shou)的(de)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)，引(yin)導流(liu)向家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)場等(deng)(deng)新(xin)型經(jing)營主體(ti)。

　　落實對家庭農(nong)場(chang)的相關(guan)(guan)扶(fu)持政(zheng)策(ce)。各(ge)級農(nong)業部門(men)要將家庭農(nong)場(chang)納入現有支(zhi)農(nong)政(zheng)策(ce)扶(fu)持范圍，并予(yu)以傾斜，重點(dian)支(zhi)持家庭農(nong)場(chang)穩定經(jing)營(ying)規模、改善(shan)生產條件、提高技術水平、改進(jin)經(jing)營(ying)管理等。加(jia)強與有關(guan)(guan)部門(men)溝通協調，推動落實涉農(nong)建設項目、財政(zheng)補貼、稅收優惠、信貸支(zhi)持、抵押擔保、農(nong)業保險(xian)、設施用(yong)地等相關(guan)(guan)政(zheng)策(ce)，幫(bang)助(zhu)解決家庭農(nong)場(chang)發展中遇到(dao)的困難和(he)問題。

　　強化面向家庭農場的社會化服務。基層農業技術推廣機構要把家庭農場作為重要服務對象，有效提供農業技術推廣、優良品種引進、動植物疫病防控、質量檢測檢驗、農資供應和市場營銷等服務。支持有條件的家庭農場建設試驗示范基地，擔任農業科技示范戶，參與實施農業(ye)(ye)技術推廣(guang)項目。引(yin)導和鼓勵各類農業(ye)(ye)社(she)會化(hua)服務(wu)組織開展面向家庭農場的(de)代耕代種(zhong)代收、病蟲害(hai)統防統治、肥料統配統施、集中育(yu)苗(miao)育(yu)秧、灌溉排水、貯(zhu)藏保鮮等經營性社(she)會化(hua)服務(wu)。

　　完(wan)(wan)善(shan)家庭農(nong)場(chang)人(ren)才支撐政(zheng)策。各(ge)地(di)要加大(da)對家庭農(nong)場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營者的培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)力度(du)，確立培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)目(mu)標、豐富(fu)培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)內容、增強培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)實效，有計劃地(di)開展(zhan)培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)。要完(wan)(wan)善(shan)相(xiang)關政(zheng)策措施，鼓勵中(zhong)高(gao)等學(xue)校(xiao)特(te)別是(shi)農(nong)業職業院校(xiao)畢業生、新(xin)型農(nong)民和農(nong)村實用人(ren)才、務工經(jing)(jing)(jing)商返鄉人(ren)員等興辦家庭農(nong)場(chang)。將家庭農(nong)場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營者納入新(xin)型職業農(nong)民、農(nong)村實用人(ren)才、“陽(yang)光工程”等培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)計劃。完(wan)(wan)善(shan)農(nong)業職業教育(yu)制(zhi)度(du)，鼓勵家庭農(nong)場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營者通過多(duo)種形式參加中(zhong)高(gao)等職業教育(yu)提高(gao)學(xue)歷(li)層次，取得職業資格證書或農(nong)民技術職稱。

　　引(yin)導家(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)加強聯(lian)合(he)與(yu)合(he)作。引(yin)導從事同(tong)類(lei)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)的家(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)通(tong)過組建(jian)協會等(deng)(deng)方(fang)式(shi)，加強相(xiang)互(hu)交流與(yu)聯(lian)合(he)。鼓勵家(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)牽(qian)頭或參與(yu)組建(jian)合(he)作社，帶動其他農(nong)(nong)戶共同(tong)發展。鼓勵工商企業通(tong)過訂(ding)單(dan)農(nong)(nong)業、示范基地等(deng)(deng)方(fang)式(shi)，與(yu)家(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)建(jian)立穩定的利益聯(lian)結機(ji)制，提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)業組織(zhi)化程度。

　　意見要求，各級農(nong)(nong)業部(bu)門(men)要深入調(diao)查研究(jiu)，積(ji)極向(xiang)黨委(wei)、政府反映情況、提出建議，研究(jiu)制定本地區促進家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)發展的(de)政策(ce)措施(shi)，加強(qiang)與發改、財政、工商、國土(tu)、金融、保險等部(bu)門(men)協作(zuo)配合(he)，形成工作(zuo)合(he)力(li)，共(gong)同(tong)推進家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)健康(kang)發展。要加強(qiang)對家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)財務管理和(he)經營指導，做(zuo)好(hao)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)統(tong)計調(diao)查工作(zuo)。及時總結家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)發展過程中的(de)好(hao)經驗、好(hao)做(zuo)法，充分(fen)運用各類新聞媒體加強(qiang)宣(xuan)傳，營造良好(hao)社會氛圍。國有農(nong)(nong)場(chang)可參照本意(yi)見(jian)，對農(nong)(nong)場(chang)職(zhi)工興辦(ban)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)給予指導和(he)扶持。