“今年什么都漲價了,包一坰(15畝)地就得四五千塊錢,每坰產量要達到9噸以上收益才算可以接受。但是今年來看,即便是收成比去年好點,也不怎么賺錢。”黑龍江省綏濱縣中仁鎮的玉米(2352,-7.00,-0.30%)種植戶(hu)畢華民(min)今年(nian)(nian)承包(bao)了(le)10坰地種植玉米,而(er)和開始的(de)野心勃(bo)勃(bo)相比,巨大的(de)種植成本(ben)讓他開始為今年(nian)(nian)的(de)承包(bao)貸款發(fa)愁。
今年的玉米(mi),不(bu)景氣。這不(bu)是(shi)畢(bi)華民一個人的苦惱(nao)。
據了解,今年黑龍江東(dong)部地區玉米種(zhong)植面積(ji)繼(ji)續增(zeng)長(chang),前(qian)期出苗(miao)期情況較好(hao),不出意外的(de)(de)話(hua),無論單產還(huan)是總產都將增(zeng)加。這本(ben)是好(hao)事(shi)。但(dan)是種(zhong)植成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)激增(zeng),卻成(cheng)為(wei)堵(du)在農民心(xin)中的(de)(de)一個(ge)坎(kan)兒,壓的(de)(de)他們喘不過起來。
黑龍(long)江寶泉嶺管局糧食科的張海龍(long)在接受媒體采(cai)訪時表示(shi),今(jin)年玉米苗情普(pu)遍向好,出苗率穩定在97%~98%,后(hou)期如(ru)果雨水和光照跟得上,豐收年是(shi)肯定的,但是(shi)即便如(ru)此,農民的利潤卻(que)是(shi)有減無增。
張海龍跟記者算了一筆賬,去年每坰地種植成本不到10000元,而今年租地費已從不到4000元上漲到4500元,種子、化肥也都(dou)上(shang)漲(zhang)了幾百(bai)元。現在機械作業費已開始慢慢上(shang)漲(zhang),估計到(dao)秋天仍降不(bu)(bu)下來(lai)。今年每(mei)坰地(di)(di)種植成本將超過(guo)(guo)11000元,甚(shen)(shen)至可能達到(dao)12000元。原來(lai)每(mei)坰地(di)(di)打五(wu)六噸玉米(mi)就能賺錢,今年打到(dao)七噸才能保證不(bu)(bu)賠”。張龍(long)海介紹說,最好的黑(hei)土地(di)(di)一(yi)坰收(shou)益(yi)8000元,一(yi)些(xie)沙土地(di)(di)收(shou)益(yi)甚(shen)(shen)至才2000多(duo)元,平均下來(lai)一(yi)坰地(di)(di)收(shou)益(yi)最多(duo)不(bu)(bu)超過(guo)(guo)6000元。
另一方面,由(you)于(yu)東北農(nong)民外出打工人數逐年上升,玉米(mi)(mi)種植管理下降,今年的(de)玉米(mi)(mi)產量雖高(gao)但品質將無法(fa)保(bao)障,預(yu)計玉米(mi)(mi)收(shou)購(gou)價格變化不會(hui)很大。如此以(yi)來,與去年相比,這樣(yang)的(de)收(shou)購(gou)價,一定無法(fa)保(bao)證農(nong)戶可以(yi)獲(huo)得和去年一樣(yang)的(de)收(shou)益。
瑞達期貨玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)分析師徐紅柳對(dui)以上(shang)(shang)觀點(dian)表示認同,他(ta)表示:“與(yu)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)相比,今(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)成本(ben)中(zhong)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)的(de)主要(yao)為種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)、人工(gong)(gong)和租地(di)費(fei)用(yong)。去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)價格大幅(fu)(fu)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang),黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)江呼(hu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)價格上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)10%,內蒙古一些地(di)區玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)甚至達到50元(yuan)(yuan)/斤。包(bao)地(di)費(fei)用(yong)方(fang)面(mian)(mian),由(you)于(yu)(yu)農(nong)戶土地(di)條件不同,包(bao)地(di)費(fei)用(yong)差異較大。其中(zhong)黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)江呼(hu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)整體包(bao)地(di)成本(ben)較高,達到7000元(yuan)(yuan)/坰(jiong),而黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)江巴彥縣(xian)(xian)、內蒙古莫旗(qi)市土地(di)包(bao)地(di)成本(ben)基(ji)本(ben)在4500元(yuan)(yuan)/坰(jiong),但整體較去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)包(bao)地(di)費(fei)用(yong)均(jun)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)30%左右。另(ling)外,由(you)于(yu)(yu)當地(di)青壯年(nian)(nian)(nian)勞動力均(jun)出(chu)外打工(gong)(gong),導致當地(di)人工(gong)(gong)成本(ben)也上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)明顯,黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)江呼(hu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)當地(di)人工(gong)(gong)成本(ben)漲(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)(fu)達到20%~40%。整體看今(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)農(nong)戶玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)成本(ben)漲(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)(fu)在15%~25%。這(zhe)不僅遠高于(yu)(yu)農(nong)戶心理(li)預期,還(huan)間接(jie)影響農(nong)戶種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)選擇。因此農(nong)民今(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)面(mian)(mian)臨增(zeng)產不增(zeng)收的(de)尷尬局(ju)面(mian)(mian)并不奇怪。”
畢華民(min)最(zui)后告(gao)訴本(ben)報記者,并不指望(wang)今年收益會有多高,只求別虧本(ben)。













