國務院辦公廳關于深化種業體制改革提高創新能力的意見

國辦發(fa)〔2013〕109號

各(ge)(ge)省、自治區、直轄(xia)市人民(min)政府(fu)，國務(wu)院各(ge)(ge)部委、各(ge)(ge)直屬機(ji)構：

　　根據黨(dang)的十(shi)八屆三中(zhong)全會關(guan)于(yu)全面(mian)深化改革(ge)的戰略部署，為進一步貫徹(che)落實《國(guo)務(wu)院關(guan)于(yu)加快推進現(xian)代農作(zuo)(zuo)物種(zhong)業(ye)發(fa)展的意見(jian)》（國(guo)發(fa)〔2011〕8號(hao)）和(he)《國(guo)務(wu)院辦公廳(ting)關(guan)于(yu)加強林木種(zhong)苗工作(zuo)(zuo)的意見(jian)》（國(guo)辦發(fa)〔2012〕58號(hao)），經國(guo)務(wu)院同意，現(xian)就深化種(zhong)業(ye)體制改革(ge)、提高創新(xin)能力提出如下意見(jian)：

　　一、指導思想。

　　深化種業體制改革，充分發揮市場在種業資源配置中的決定性作用，突出以種子企業為主體，推動育種人才、技(ji)術、資源(yuan)依法向企業(ye)(ye)流動，充分調動科研(yan)人(ren)員積極(ji)性(xing)，保(bao)護科研(yan)人(ren)員發明創(chuang)造的(de)合法權益，促進(jin)產學(xue)研(yan)結(jie)合，提高企業(ye)(ye)自主創(chuang)新能力，構建(jian)商業(ye)(ye)化育種(zhong)體系(xi)，加快推進(jin)現代種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)，建(jian)設(she)種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)，為國(guo)(guo)家糧食安(an)全、生(sheng)態安(an)全和農林業(ye)(ye)持續(xu)穩定發展(zhan)提供根本性(xing)保(bao)障(zhang)。

　　二、強化企業技術創新主體地(di)位。

　　鼓勵(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)加大研發(fa)投(tou)入，建立股(gu)份制(zhi)研發(fa)機構；鼓勵(li)(li)有實(shi)力的種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)并(bing)購(gou)轉制(zhi)為企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的科(ke)(ke)研機構。確定(ding)為公益(yi)性(xing)(xing)的科(ke)(ke)研院(yuan)所(suo)和高(gao)(gao)等院(yuan)校，在(zai)2015年(nian)底前(qian)實(shi)現與其(qi)所(suo)辦的種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)脫(tuo)鉤；其(qi)他科(ke)(ke)研院(yuan)所(suo)逐步實(shi)行(xing)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)化改革(ge)。改革(ge)后，育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)(ke)研人員在(zai)科(ke)(ke)研院(yuan)所(suo)和高(gao)(gao)等院(yuan)校的工作(zuo)年(nian)限視同(tong)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)養(yang)老(lao)保險繳費年(nian)限。新(xin)布(bu)局的國家(jia)和省(sheng)部級工程技(ji)術(shu)研究中心、企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)中心、重點實(shi)驗室(shi)等種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)產業(ye)化技(ji)術(shu)創新(xin)平臺，要優(you)先(xian)向(xiang)符合(he)(he)條(tiao)件的育(yu)繁推一體化種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)傾斜。按規定(ding)開展(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)領域相(xiang)關研發(fa)活(huo)動后補助，調(diao)動企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)創新(xin)的積(ji)極性(xing)(xing)。發(fa)揮現代種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)基金(jin)的引導作(zuo)用(yong)，廣(guang)泛吸引社會、金(jin)融資本投(tou)入，支持(chi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)開展(zhan)商(shang)業(ye)化育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)，鼓勵(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)“走出去”開展(zhan)國際合(he)(he)作(zuo)。

　　三(san)、調動科研人員積極性(xing)。

　　確定為公益性的科研院所和高等院校利用國家撥款發明的育種材料、新品種和技術成果，可以申請品種權、專利等知識產權，可以作價到企業投資入股，也可以上市公開交易。要研究確定種業科研成果機構與科研人員權益比例，由農業部、科技部(bu)會同財政部(bu)等(deng)(deng)部(bu)門組織在部(bu)分科(ke)研(yan)(yan)院(yuan)所(suo)和(he)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)試(shi)點。建立(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)技成果公開交易平臺(tai)和(he)托管(guan)中心，制(zhi)(zhi)定交易管(guan)理辦法，禁止私下交易。支持(chi)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)院(yuan)所(suo)和(he)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)與(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)開展合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)研(yan)(yan)究。支持(chi)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)院(yuan)所(suo)和(he)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)通過兼職、掛職、簽訂合(he)同等(deng)(deng)方式，與(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)開展人才(cai)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)。鼓(gu)勵(li)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)院(yuan)所(suo)和(he)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)人員(yuan)到企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)從事商(shang)業(ye)(ye)化育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。鼓(gu)勵(li)育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)人員(yuan)創新創業(ye)(ye)。改變論文導向(xiang)機制(zhi)(zhi)，加(jia)強種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)實用型人才(cai)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)，商(shang)業(ye)(ye)化育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成果及推(tui)廣面積可以作(zuo)(zuo)為職稱(cheng)評定的重要依據。支持(chi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)開展企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)研(yan)(yan)發人員(yuan)培(pei)訓(xun)。完善種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)人才(cai)出國培(pei)養(yang)(yang)機制(zhi)(zhi)。支持(chi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)建立(li)院(yuan)士(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)站(zhan)、博士(shi)后科(ke)研(yan)(yan)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)站(zhan)。

　　四、加強國家良種重大科研(yan)攻關(guan)。

　　編制水稻、玉米、油菜、大豆、蔬菜等主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)農作物良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重大科(ke)研(yan)攻關(guan)(guan)五(wu)年規(gui)劃，制定主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)造林樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、珍貴樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等林木中長期(qi)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)計(ji)劃，突(tu)破種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質創(chuang)新(xin)、新(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選育(yu)、高效繁育(yu)、加(jia)工流通等關(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)環節的核心技術，提高種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)技創(chuang)新(xin)能力(li)。國家各科(ke)研(yan)計(ji)劃和專(zhuan)項(xiang)加(jia)大對企(qi)業(ye)(ye)商業(ye)(ye)化育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的支(zhi)持力(li)度，吸(xi)引社(she)會資本參(can)與(yu)，重點支(zhi)持育(yu)繁推一體化企(qi)業(ye)(ye)。要(yao)建立育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)研(yan)平(ping)臺，公開招聘國際領軍(jun)人才，打破院(yuan)所和企(qi)業(ye)(ye)界限，聯合國內(nei)研(yan)發力(li)量，建立科(ke)企(qi)緊(jin)密合作、收益按比(bi)例分享的產(chan)學研(yan)聯合攻關(guan)(guan)模(mo)式。要(yao)提升企(qi)業(ye)(ye)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)創(chuang)新(xin)能力(li)，逐(zhu)步確立企(qi)業(ye)(ye)商業(ye)(ye)化育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的主(zhu)(zhu)體地位(wei)。

　　五(wu)、提高基礎性公益性服務(wu)能力(li)。

　　加強種業相關學科建設，支持科研院所和高等院校重點開展育種理論、共性技術、種質資源挖掘、育種材料創新等基礎性研究和常規作物、林木育種等公益性研究，構建現代分子育種新技術、新方法，創制突破性的抗逆、優質、高產的育種新材料。國家財政科研經費加大用于基礎性公益性研究的投入，逐步減少用于農業科研院所和高等院校開展雜交玉米、雜交水稻、雜交油菜、雜交棉花和蔬菜商業化育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的投入(ru)。加快編(bian)制并組織(zhi)實施(shi)國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)作物(wu)、林木(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)(yuan)保護與(yu)利用中長期發(fa)展規(gui)劃，開展全國(guo)農(nong)作物(wu)、林木(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)(yuan)普查，建(jian)立健全國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)作物(wu)、林木(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)(yuan)保護研(yan)究、利用和管理服務體(ti)系，啟動國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)作物(wu)、重(zhong)點林木(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)(yuan)保存(cun)(cun)庫(ku)建(jian)設。科(ke)(ke)研(yan)院(yuan)(yuan)所(suo)和高等院(yuan)(yuan)校的重(zhong)大科(ke)(ke)研(yan)基礎設施(shi)、國(guo)家(jia)收集保存(cun)(cun)的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)(yuan)，要按規(gui)定向(xiang)社會開放。

　　六、加快(kuai)種子生產基(ji)地建設。

　　加大(da)(da)對(dui)國家級制(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)縣政(zheng)(zheng)策支持(chi)力度(du)，加快農(nong)(nong)作物制(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、林木(mu)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、保障(zhang)性苗圃基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)和(he)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)條(tiao)件建(jian)(jian)設(she)。落實(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保險（放心保）、林木(mu)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)補貼(tie)政(zheng)(zheng)策，研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)糧食作物制(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)縣獎(jiang)勵、林木(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子貯備(bei)等政(zheng)(zheng)策，鼓勵農(nong)(nong)業(ye)發展(zhan)銀行加大(da)(da)對(dui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子收儲加工企(qi)業(ye)的信貸支持(chi)力度(du)。充分發揮(hui)市場機制(zhi)(zhi)作用(yong)，通過(guo)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)入(ru)股、租賃(lin)等方式，推動(dong)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)向制(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)戶、農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)合(he)(he)作社(she)流(liu)轉，支持(chi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子企(qi)業(ye)與制(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)戶、農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)合(he)(he)作社(she)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)長期穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)的合(he)(he)作關(guan)系，建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)合(he)(he)理的利益分享機制(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)三(san)亞(ya)、陵水、樂東等區(qu)域劃定(ding)(ding)南(nan)(nan)(nan)繁(fan)科研(yan)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保護區(qu)，實(shi)行用(yong)途(tu)管制(zhi)(zhi)，納入(ru)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)范圍予(yu)以(yi)永(yong)久保護。研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)中央、地(di)(di)(di)(di)方、社(she)會資本(ben)(ben)多元(yuan)化投資機制(zhi)(zhi)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)南(nan)(nan)(nan)繁(fan)科研(yan)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)省有(you)關(guan)部(bu)門(men)(men)負責編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)繁(fan)科研(yan)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)設(she)項目(mu)可行性研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)報(bao)告，按程序(xu)報(bao)批(pi)，國家對(dui)水、電(dian)、路等基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)給予(yu)補助(zhu)。科技(ji)部(bu)在(zai)(zai)安排(pai)有(you)關(guan)科研(yan)項目(mu)時給予(yu)傾斜(xie)；國土資源部(bu)門(men)(men)要(yao)強化對(dui)南(nan)(nan)(nan)繁(fan)科研(yan)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保護區(qu)用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的支持(chi)、保護和(he)管理；海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)省人民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)和(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)要(yao)加強對(dui)南(nan)(nan)(nan)繁(fan)科研(yan)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的使(shi)用(yong)管理。

　　七、加強種子市場監管(guan)。

　　繼續嚴厲打擊侵犯品種權和制售假劣種子等違法犯罪行為，涉嫌犯罪的，要及時向公安、檢察機關移交。各級農業、林業部門查處的制售假劣種子案件，要按規定的時限及時向社會公開。要打破地方封鎖，廢除任何可能阻礙外地種子進入本地市場的行政規定。建立種子市場秩序行業評價機制，督促企業建立種子可追溯信息系統，完善全程可追溯管理。推行種子企業委托經營制度，規范種子營銷網絡。

　　各地(di)區、各有關部門要(yao)加強對種業(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)領導(dao)，認真落實國務院制(zhi)定(ding)的(de)各項(xiang)政策措施，及時研究解決種業(ye)發展(zhan)中遇到的(de)問(wen)題，促進現代種業(ye)健康發展(zhan)。

　　國務院辦公廳

　　2013年12月20日(ri)