六(liu)、椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)園(yuan)間(jian)作(zuo)(zuo):椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)園(yuan)間(jian)作(zuo)(zuo),既能合(he)理(li)利用土(tu)(tu)地,增加藤椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)生(sheng)長發育。應選(xuan)擇生(sheng)長期短、植(zhi)(zhi)株矮小,有(you)(you)一定經(jing)(jing)濟收入的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)間(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)。武都洛塘區椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)農(nong)的(de)經(jing)(jing)驗,椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)園(yuan)間(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)以種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)豆類(lei)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)為宜。豆類(lei)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)有(you)(you)根瘤菌,可固定氮(dan)素,增加土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥力,有(you)(you)利于藤椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)長。小麥(mai)、玉米等(deng)高稈(gan)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)不(bu)宜種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)。小麥(mai)澆水(shui)次數多,使(shi)藤椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易染根腐病(bing),玉米的(de)高稈(gan),影響藤椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)光照,不(bu)利藤椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)長。如(ru)有(you)(you)些椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)園(yuan)間(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)兩季(ji)小麥(mai)后,就出(chu)現椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)樹(shu)死亡現象。
藤(teng)椒在幼壯時(shi)(shi)期(qi),應(ying)采取以(yi)疏剪(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)主(zhu),疏剪(jian)(jian)(jian)與短剪(jian)(jian)(jian)彩相(xiang)(xiang)結合(he)的方法,盛果期(qi),應(ying)以(yi)短剪(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)主(zhu)、短剪(jian)(jian)(jian)與疏剪(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)結合(he);藤(teng)椒衰老時(shi)(shi)期(qi),主(zhu)要(yao)運用(yong)短剪(jian)(jian)(jian),進行(xing)更新。
(1)疏剪是將枝(zhi)條(tiao)從基部剪去(qu)(qu)。其作用(yong):①疏除(chu)過密枝(zhi)、交叉枝(zhi)、重疊(die)枝(zhi)、纖弱枝(zhi)和位置著生(sheng)不當的枝(zhi)條(tiao),使主側枝(zhi)配合勻(yun)稱,通(tong)風透(tou)光(guang),節省養分(fen)的消耗。②疏去(qu)(qu)干枯枝(zhi)、病(bing)(bing)蟲枝(zhi)、減(jian)少(shao)病(bing)(bing)蟲危(wei)害(hai)。③疏去(qu)(qu)樹(shu)冠(guan)外圍的密生(sheng)枝(zhi),使樹(shu)冠(guan)內(nei)部通(tong)風透(tou)光(guang),提高(gao)內(nei)膛(tang)座實(shi)(shi)率。同時,也(ye)起(qi)到提高(gao)實(shi)(shi)質量的作用(yong)。





