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主機簡(jian)介：固定式農業環境監測系統又(you)名、便攜式土壤墑(di)情監(jian)測(ce)站，是農業環境(jing)(jing)監(jian)測(ce)站、農業環境(jing)(jing)綜合監(jian)測(ce)站中的(de)一種，在農林氣候監(jian)測(ce)、生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)監(jian)測(ce)、溫(wen)室控制等領域應用廣泛。NL-GPRS農業環境(jing)(jing)無線(xian)監(jian)測(ce)站由托普儀器(qi)研發生(sheng)產(chan)，可(ke)測(ce)風(feng)向、風(feng)速(su)、日照、二(er)氧化碳、溫(wen)度、濕度等參數(shu)。
我國(guo)是一(yi)個農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)大國(guo)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)在自然(ran)環境(jing)中進行,它與農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)環境(jing)密切(qie)相關,農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)規劃布(bu)局、農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品質(zhi)量優劣、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)效益高低均受環境(jing)質(zhi)量制約。我國(guo)很有(you)必要及(ji)時開展農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)環境(jing)普查[1]
,查清農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)因子底子,發展現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。我國地(di)域廣闊,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)復雜。在(zai)水(shui)(shui)、土、氣等環(huan)境(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件中,威(wei)脅農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、危害(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)安全的(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)因子多種(zhong)多樣,除地(di)球(qiu)化學污(wu)(wu)染外,還有(you)(you)源自(zi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)廢(fei)液(ye)、廢(fei)氣、廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)染,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)無線(xian)監測站分(fen)(fen)析也有(you)(you)來自(zi)社會(hui)服務(wu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)廢(fei)液(ye)、廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)染,有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村村民生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的(de)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)、廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)染,有(you)(you)畜禽(qin)養殖(zhi)的(de)糞便(bian)與廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)污(wu)(wu)染,還有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)投(tou)入品(pin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)、化肥、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)膜污(wu)(wu)染。不同(tong)地(di)區,環(huan)境(jing)(jing)中主(zhu)要有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)因子不同(tong)。廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)、廢(fei)氣、垃(la)圾、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)是城(cheng)郊農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)突(tu)出污(wu)(wu)染物(wu)(wu)(wu)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)無線(xian)監測站分(fen)(fen)析農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)與土壤(rang)重金屬等有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質則成為部分(fen)(fen)山(shan)區農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、牧(mu)區的(de)突(tu)出污(wu)(wu)染因素。湘(xiang)西山(shan)區花垣縣鉛(qian)鋅(xin)選廠排放的(de)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)鎘(ge)、鉛(qian)分(fen)(fen)別超標1.89和4.12倍。
2005年4月山西臨(lin)汾(fen)市污(wu)灌造成(cheng)240多hm2小麥死亡(wang)。農(nong)(nong)業(ye)環(huan)境無線監測(ce)站分析我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)環(huan)境污(wu)染(ran)分布較廣,危害較重(zhong),且隨著污(wu)染(ran)工業(ye)遷(qian)移,鄉村工業(ye)發展,農(nong)(nong)業(ye)化學(xue)投入品不當(dang)使(shi)用而(er)呈(cheng)不斷擴大(da)(da)與加重(zhong)趨勢,且隱性污(wu)染(ran)源大(da)(da)大(da)(da)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)顯性污(wu)染(ran)源。我(wo)國(guo)重(zhong)金(jin)屬污(wu)染(ran)已達2000多萬hm2,耕地鹽漬化超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)800萬hm2,固體廢棄物堆存(cun)而(er)被占(zhan)用和(he)毀壞的(de)農(nong)(nong)田面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)已達13.3萬hm2,533.3萬hm2的(de)耕地遭受(shou)大(da)(da)氣污(wu)染(ran),污(wu)水(shui)灌溉面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)已占(zhan)灌溉面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)7.3%,有933.3萬hm2的(de)耕地遭受(shou)農(nong)(nong)藥污(wu)染(ran),全國(guo)七(qi)大(da)(da)水(shui)系中(zhong)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)漁業(ye)水(shui)質標準(zhun)的(de)河段總(zong)量達5000km。
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