收藏學習！種業振興論述的形成邏輯、主要內容及時代價值
農財網種業寶典 2024年10月03日
種(zhong)業振興論述的(de)形(xing)成(cheng)邏輯(ji)是什么？
主要內容有哪些？
在新時代能發(fa)揮什么價值？
; 如何貫徹落實(shi)，推動種業事業發展？
“國以農為本，農以種為先。”種子作為重要的物質生產資料，對于農業的發展具有不可替代的作用。自古以來，我國就有重視種子的優良傳統。目前我國總體上能夠實現用種安全，但與發達國家相比仍具有較大的差距，一定程度上影響了我國糧食安全。習近平總書記高度重視種業在保障國家糧食安全、實現農業現代化中的重要作用，在精準把握國內外種業發展現狀的基礎上，對我國種業進一步發展提出了新思路新要求，逐步形成了一系列關于種業振興的重要論述。
2021年7月9日，習近平主(zhu)持召開(kai)的中央全面深化改革委(wei)員會第二十次會議(yi)審議(yi)通過了(le)(le)《種業(ye)(ye)振興(xing)行(xing)動方案》，提出(chu)實施“種質資源保(bao)護利(li)用、創新攻關、企業(ye)(ye)扶(fu)優、基地(di)提升(sheng)、市場凈化”五大行(xing)動，正式將種業(ye)(ye)振興(xing)提高到了(le)(le)國家戰(zhan)略的高度。
為深(shen)入貫徹習近(jin)平總書記(ji)重要(yao)(yao)指示精(jing)神，近(jin)年來中(zhong)央一號(hao)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)都在不(bu)同(tong)程度上(shang)對種業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)部署。例如，2021年中(zhong)央一號(hao)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)強(qiang)調“打好種業(ye)(ye)翻身仗(zhang)”，對于(yu)種業(ye)(ye)振興(xing)(xing)五大(da)方面(mian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)統籌規劃；2022年中(zhong)央一號(hao)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)指出要(yao)(yao)“全(quan)面(mian)實施(shi)種業(ye)(ye)振興(xing)(xing)行(xing)(xing)動方案(an)”；2023年中(zhong)央一號(hao)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)提(ti)出要(yao)(yao)“深(shen)入實施(shi)種業(ye)(ye)振興(xing)(xing)行(xing)(xing)動”，對種質資源保護(hu)利用(yong)以及(ji)生物(wu)育種等(deng)方面(mian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)具體部署。
習近平總書記(ji)對(dui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)高度(du)(du)重(zhong)視，將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)提高到了(le)前所未有的(de)高度(du)(du)，推(tui)動種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)振興(xing)的(de)上(shang)層建筑不斷完善，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)振興(xing)的(de)具體措施(shi)落到實(shi)處。當前，學術界對(dui)習近平關于(yu)新時代(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)振興(xing)重(zhong)要(yao)論述(shu)的(de)研究尚未開展(zhan)。作為新時代(dai)推(tui)動種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)事業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)、保障國家糧食安全(quan)、實(shi)現農業(ye)(ye)現代(dai)化的(de)真理(li)性認識，研究習近平關于(yu)新時代(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)振興(xing)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)論述(shu)，具有重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)現實(shi)意義。
本文(wen)將(jiang)梳理習近(jin)平關(guan)于新時代(dai)種(zhong)業(ye)振(zhen)興(xing)重要(yao)論述的(de)形成(cheng)邏輯及(ji)主要(yao)內容，進而(er)明晰這一重要(yao)論述在新時代(dai)所發揮(hui)的(de)價值，以(yi)期為貫徹落實(shi)習近(jin)平關(guan)于新時代(dai)種(zhong)業(ye)振(zhen)興(xing)重要(yao)論述、推動(dong)種(zhong)業(ye)事業(ye)發展提(ti)供理論參考。
一、 習近平(ping)關于新時代種業(ye)振興重要(yao)論述(shu)的形成邏輯
任何(he)一種(zhong)思想都不可能是憑空(kong)產生的(de)(de)，都蘊含著(zhu)特定的(de)(de)理(li)論(lun)(lun)淵源、歷(li)史邏(luo)輯以及(ji)現(xian)實依據(ju)，是綜合因素下(xia)產生的(de)(de)結果，習近(jin)平關于(yu)(yu)新(xin)時(shi)代種(zhong)業振興(xing)的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)論(lun)(lun)述亦是如此。它是對(dui)已有知識(shi)體系的(de)(de)繼(ji)承與(yu)發(fa)展，是對(dui)歷(li)史經驗(yan)教訓(xun)的(de)(de)總(zong)結與(yu)吸(xi)收，也是對(dui)現(xian)實問題(ti)的(de)(de)考量與(yu)把(ba)握。從理(li)論(lun)(lun)、歷(li)史、現(xian)實三個維度系統(tong)梳理(li)習近(jin)平關于(yu)(yu)新(xin)時(shi)代種(zhong)業振興(xing)重要(yao)(yao)論(lun)(lun)述的(de)(de)形成邏(luo)輯，是準確把(ba)握該重要(yao)(yao)論(lun)(lun)述主要(yao)(yao)內(nei)容和時(shi)代價值的(de)(de)前(qian)提與(yu)基礎。
（一） 習近平關(guan)于新時代(dai)種業振(zhen)興(xing)重(zhong)要(yao)論述(shu)形成的(de)理論淵(yuan)源
第一，習近(jin)平繼承發展了(le)馬克(ke)思(si)主義(yi)經典作(zuo)(zuo)家對(dui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)闡述。馬克(ke)思(si)在(zai)(zai)《資本論(lun)》中提到：“在(zai)(zai)農業(ye)(ye)中，不預付追加(jia)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和肥(fei)(fei)料，就(jiu)不可(ke)能擴大(da)耕地。但是(shi)(shi)，一旦預付了(le)追加(jia)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和肥(fei)(fei)料，那么，即使(shi)對(dui)土地進行純粹機械(xie)性(xing)的(de)(de)耕作(zuo)(zuo)，也會(hui)對(dui)產量的(de)(de)提高發生(sheng)奇(qi)跡般的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用。”在(zai)(zai)馬克(ke)思(si)看來，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)農業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)前端環節，在(zai)(zai)農業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產中具(ju)有(you)十分重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)地位(wei)，追加(jia)更多的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)以及(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)長所需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)料能夠提高糧食產量。列(lie)寧(ning)在(zai)(zai)《關(guan)(guan)于(yu)(yu)以實物稅代(dai)替余(yu)糧收集制的(de)(de)報告的(de)(de)總結發言》中提到：“播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)運動(dong)(dong)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)采取一系列(lie)的(de)(de)措施，最大(da)限度地利用一切經濟可(ke)能性(xing)來增(zeng)加(jia)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)積。為此就(jiu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)新分配種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，保(bao)管和運送種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。”列(lie)寧(ning)認為播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)運動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)增(zeng)加(jia)耕地面(mian)積和配備好(hao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。馬克(ke)思(si)主義(yi)經典作(zuo)(zuo)家有(you)關(guan)(guan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)闡述為習近(jin)平關(guan)(guan)于(yu)(yu)新時代(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)振興重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)論(lun)述提供了(le)思(si)想來源(yuan)。習近(jin)平認為，提高糧食產能關(guan)(guan)鍵還是(shi)(shi)抓耕地和種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)兩個(ge)要(yao)(yao)(yao)害。
第二(er)，習(xi)(xi)(xi)近(jin)平創新(xin)發(fa)(fa)展了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華優(you)秀傳(chuan)統(tong)文化關(guan)于種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)認識。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)族(zu)長期以來(lai)依靠農(nong)(nong)業獲(huo)取(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質條件，并創造(zao)了(le)(le)源(yuan)遠流長、博(bo)大精深(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)耕文明(ming)(ming)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)長達數千年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，先民(min)們逐漸意識到種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性，并逐漸創造(zao)了(le)(le)一(yi)套(tao)選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法，培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)了(le)(le)眾多適(shi)應本(ben)土(tu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，為(wei)后世農(nong)(nong)業發(fa)(fa)展積累了(le)(le)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)經(jing)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)。這在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)許多農(nong)(nong)業古書典籍當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都有不同(tong)程度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提及。其(qi)(qi)一(yi)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識。早在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)《詩(shi)經(jing)·大雅·生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)民(min)》當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就已(yi)經(jing)區分出(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)良，將(jiang)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)稱為(wei)“嘉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”，說明(ming)(ming)先民(min)們在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)很早之前就已(yi)經(jing)意識到種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)(hao)壞會影響農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果。西(xi)漢劉向在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)《說苑》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)記載“田者擇(ze)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之，豐(feng)年必得(de)粟”，認為(wei)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有利(li)于增加糧(liang)食產量(liang)。其(qi)(qi)二(er)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于如(ru)何選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)。賈思勰在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)《齊民(min)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)術》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)優(you)，包括(kuo)選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體標(biao)準(zhun)，選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)以及選(xuan)(xuan)得(de)后保存、防(fang)蟲(chong)和收(shou)藏(zang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法，都作(zuo)了(le)(le)簡(jian)明(ming)(ming)扼要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)介(jie)紹，記錄了(le)(le)我們祖(zu)先選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、換種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以及避免種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)混雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)經(jing)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)。其(qi)(qi)三，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總結(jie)。《雞(ji)譜》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)記載了(le)(le)關(guan)于斗(dou)雞(ji)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蛋孵(fu)化和雛雞(ji)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)等六(liu)個(ge)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)方面(mian)，強調(diao)選(xuan)(xuan)配的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性，指出(chu)若以上(shang)等雄雞(ji)配次等雌雞(ji)，將(jiang)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)不出(chu)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雛雞(ji)，因(yin)此需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)通過(guo)選(xuan)(xuan)配，方能獲(huo)得(de)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華優(you)秀傳(chuan)統(tong)文化有關(guan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)認識為(wei)習(xi)(xi)(xi)近(jin)平關(guan)于新(xin)時代種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業振興(xing)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)論述提供(gong)了(le)(le)文化來(lai)源(yuan)，習(xi)(xi)(xi)近(jin)平深(shen)(shen)知種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于糧(liang)食安全進(jin)而(er)(er)(er)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于國家(jia)(jia)安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2022年中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)農(nong)(nong)村工作(zuo)會議(yi)上(shang)，曾引用越王勾踐將(jiang)煮熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)貢給(gei)吳(wu)國而(er)(er)(er)滅吳(wu)，齊國誘導(dao)魯國棄糧(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)桑致使其(qi)(qi)缺(que)糧(liang)而(er)(er)(er)收(shou)魯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史典故來(lai)告誡人們保障種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)安全以及國家(jia)(jia)糧(liang)食安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性。
第三，習(xi)近平賡續了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)領(ling)導(dao)人(ren)關(guan)于(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要思想(xiang)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)領(ling)導(dao)人(ren)歷來(lai)(lai)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，在不同(tong)時(shi)(shi)期均發(fa)(fa)表了(le)(le)關(guan)于(yu)促進種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要論(lun)述。在社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義革(ge)命(ming)和建(jian)(jian)設時(shi)(shi)期，毛澤東基(ji)于(yu)當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)具體國(guo)(guo)情，意(yi)(yi)識到(dao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)改(gai)良(liang)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要性。1957年(nian)9月(yue)24日，毛澤東在會(hui)(hui)見印度尼西亞前副總(zong)統(tong)哈達和夫人(ren)時(shi)(shi)回應，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)主(zhu)要依靠“改(gai)良(liang)土壤和種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子”等增(zeng)產(chan)措施來(lai)(lai)解決(jue)人(ren)多地少的(de)(de)問題。改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放和社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義現代(dai)(dai)化建(jian)(jian)設新(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)期，鄧小平高(gao)度重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，認為保障糧食供給(gei)基(ji)本過關(guan)要“從改(gai)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子”等方面來(lai)(lai)努力。江(jiang)澤民同(tong)樣十分重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，他強(qiang)調(diao)“要注意(yi)(yi)調(diao)整農業(ye)(ye)結構，改(gai)進品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，提高(gao)質量”。胡錦濤(tao)基(ji)于(yu)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)外(wai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)現狀，提出加快發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)生物(wu)育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)，有力地促進了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)向(xiang)現代(dai)(dai)化方向(xiang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義進入新(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)以來(lai)(lai)，習(xi)近平總(zong)書記賡續了(le)(le)我們黨(dang)的(de)(de)歷代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)領(ling)導(dao)集體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)優良(liang)傳統(tong)，強(qiang)調(diao)“種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源安全關(guan)系到(dao)國(guo)(guo)家安全,必須(xu)下決(jue)心把(ba)我國(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)搞(gao)上(shang)去”，并(bing)基(ji)于(yu)當前國(guo)(guo)內(nei)外(wai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)現狀，提出了(le)(le)一系列具有時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)意(yi)(yi)義的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)(xin)思路，形成了(le)(le)習(xi)近平關(guan)于(yu)新(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)振興的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要論(lun)述。
（二） 習近平關于(yu)新時代種業振興重要論述形成的歷史(shi)邏輯
新中國(guo)(guo)(guo)不斷成(cheng)長的(de)(de)歷史也是中國(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子事業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不斷發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)歷史。新中國(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立(li)初(chu)期，由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)連年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)戰爭和自(zi)然(ran)災害的(de)(de)影響，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)水(shui)平低下，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植技術落后，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子主要(yao)(yao)來(lai)(lai)自(zi)“家(jia)(jia)家(jia)(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)田，戶戶留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”。為(wei)(wei)(wei)解決(jue)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)來(lai)(lai)源問(wen)題，1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部頒發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)了(le)(le)《五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)普(pu)及計(ji)劃(hua)草案》，提出(chu)(chu)(chu)“廣(guang)泛(fan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動群眾(zhong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，以縣為(wei)(wei)(wei)單(dan)(dan)位評(ping)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)優良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”的(de)(de)方(fang)針，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)式在(zai)(zai)當時特定(ding)的(de)(de)條件下，有利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動群眾(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，降低改(gai)善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)成(cheng)本。社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主義(yi)改(gai)造完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)后，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)是以公(gong)有制(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基礎(chu)的(de)(de)集體(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)，“戶戶留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”的(de)(de)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)式已(yi)不再適(shi)應(ying)當時的(de)(de)耕作要(yao)(yao)求。為(wei)(wei)(wei)適(shi)應(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月召(zhao)開的(de)(de)“全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子工(gong)(gong)(gong)作會(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)”明確提出(chu)(chu)(chu)“四(si)(si)自(zi)一(yi)輔”的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子工(gong)(gong)(gong)作方(fang)針，即(ji)“依靠農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合作社(she)自(zi)繁、自(zi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、自(zi)留、自(zi)用，輔之以調劑”，這(zhe)一(yi)方(fang)針既符(fu)合農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集體(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)，也有助(zhu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)(zai)遇到(dao)突發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)情況時能夠集中力量進(jin)(jin)行(xing)救助(zhu)。改(gai)革開放以來(lai)(lai)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)由(you)(you)計(ji)劃(hua)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)轉變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主義(yi)市場(chang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)適(shi)應(ying)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，改(gai)變(bian)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)落后的(de)(de)局(ju)面，加快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)設的(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)程，1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)第98號文件批轉農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)林部《關于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)加強種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)報告(gao)》，要(yao)(yao)求“逐步實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)布局(ju)區(qu)域化(hua)(hua)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子加工(gong)(gong)(gong)機械化(hua)(hua)和種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子質量標準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)；實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)以縣為(wei)(wei)(wei)單(dan)(dan)位統一(yi)供種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”，即(ji)“四(si)(si)化(hua)(hua)一(yi)供”。“四(si)(si)化(hua)(hua)一(yi)供”實(shi)(shi)(shi)施的(de)(de)十(shi)幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子事業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)迅速發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)一(yi)套較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)完(wan)(wan)善的(de)(de)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁育(yu)(yu)推(tui)廣(guang)體(ti)(ti)系。但是從20世紀90年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)開始(shi)，這(zhe)一(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)爆發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)問(wen)題越來(lai)(lai)越突出(chu)(chu)(chu)。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，時任國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)副總理的(de)(de)姜春云在(zai)(zai)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子工(gong)(gong)(gong)作會(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)上(shang)指出(chu)(chu)(chu)：“創(chuang)建(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子工(gong)(gong)(gong)程是農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)上(shang)新臺階的(de)(de)戰略選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇”。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，中共(gong)十(shi)四(si)(si)屆(jie)五(wu)中全(quan)(quan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)通過(guo)的(de)(de)《中共(gong)中央關于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)定(ding)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)和社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)“九(jiu)五(wu)”計(ji)劃(hua)和2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)遠景目標的(de)(de)建(jian)議(yi)》，將(jiang)“種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子工(gong)(gong)(gong)程”上(shang)升到(dao)了(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)戰略層面，此(ci)后，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子事業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)(jin)入了(le)(le)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階段(duan)。但是從整體(ti)(ti)來(lai)(lai)看，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)水(shui)平仍然(ran)不高，需加快種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)主創(chuang)新，推(tui)動種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)設。國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月頒布《關于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)加快推(tui)進(jin)(jin)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)意見》，提出(chu)(chu)(chu)要(yao)(yao)構建(jian)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)系，全(quan)(quan)面提升我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)水(shui)平。自(zi)此(ci)以后，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子事業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)(jin)入了(le)(le)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階段(duan)。進(jin)(jin)入新時代(dai)以來(lai)(lai)，習近平總書記(ji)堅(jian)持歷史思維，遵循(xun)歷史發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)規(gui)律，在(zai)(zai)吸取(qu)經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)教訓的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)，結合新時代(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)現(xian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)邏輯，提出(chu)(chu)(chu)深入實(shi)(shi)(shi)施種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)振興行(xing)動，并(bing)對“如(ru)何開展(zhan)(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)振興”發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)表了(le)(le)一(yi)系列重要(yao)(yao)論述，為(wei)(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)提供了(le)(le)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)路(lu)徑。
; （三） 習近(jin)平關于(yu)新時代種業振興(xing)重要論述(shu)形(xing)成的現實邏輯
“糧食(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)家安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)重要(yao)基(ji)礎”，“保(bao)障(zhang)糧食(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)始終(zhong)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)計(ji)民生的(de)(de)頭等大(da)事”。從國(guo)內外的(de)(de)現(xian)實情況來看(kan)，我國(guo)糧食(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)面臨著一(yi)些風(feng)險(xian)與挑戰，主要(yao)體現(xian)在國(guo)內糧食(shi)(shi)供求出(chu)現(xian)“緊平(ping)衡”，國(guo)際糧食(shi)(shi)貿易出(chu)現(xian)“高變數”。習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)深刻地指出(chu)“保(bao)障(zhang)糧食(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)，要(yao)害是(shi)(shi)種(zhong)子和耕(geng)地”。種(zhong)業作為糧食(shi)(shi)生產的(de)(de)前端環節，實施種(zhong)業振興(xing)對于化解風(feng)險(xian)、保(bao)障(zhang)國(guo)家糧食(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)具(ju)有重要(yao)作用。習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)關于新時代種(zhong)業振興(xing)的(de)(de)重要(yao)論述正是(shi)(shi)基(ji)于對國(guo)家糧食(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)問題的(de)(de)現(xian)實思考。
第(di)一(yi)，國(guo)(guo)內糧(liang)食(shi)供求(qiu)出現(xian)“緊平衡”。從需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)側來(lai)看，需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)結構(gou)發生新(xin)變(bian)化(hua)。一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，近年(nian)來(lai)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)糧(liang)食(shi)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)實現(xian)“十八連增(zeng)”，能(neng)(neng)夠保障口糧(liang)絕對(dui)安全，但油料和(he)飼(si)料糧(liang)無(wu)法完(wan)全自給(gei)，需(xu)(xu)要長期(qi)進(jin)口。另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，進(jin)入(ru)(ru)新(xin)時(shi)代(dai)以(yi)來(lai)，人們對(dui)于糧(liang)食(shi)和(he)重要農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)發生了(le)結構(gou)上(shang)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，呈現(xian)出高(gao)品質(zhi)、多(duo)元化(hua)、綠色(se)化(hua)的(de)(de)特征(zheng)。從供給(gei)側來(lai)看，供給(gei)能(neng)(neng)力(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)臨(lin)“硬約束”，必須(xu)尋找新(xin)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)出路。在(zai)自然(ran)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，其一(yi)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)耕(geng)地(di)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源有限且(qie)(qie)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)不高(gao)。國(guo)(guo)家統計局(ju)數據(ju)顯示，中國(guo)(guo)人均(jun)耕(geng)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積約為0.09公(gong)頃，僅(jin)為世界平均(jun)水(shui)平的(de)(de)45%。而(er)且(qie)(qie)目前全國(guo)(guo)高(gao)標準(zhun)基(ji)本農(nong)(nong)(nong)田僅(jin)10億(yi)畝(mu)，耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)總體不高(gao)。其二，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)水(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源緊缺。一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，水(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源時(shi)空分布不均(jun)。64%的(de)(de)耕(geng)地(di)分布在(zai)秦嶺-淮河以(yi)北國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)第(di)三次全國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)土調查領導小組(zu)辦公(gong)室自然(ran)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源部，水(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源還不到全國(guo)(guo)平均(jun)水(shui)平的(de)(de)22%。另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)田水(shui)利(li)基(ji)礎設(she)施不完(wan)善，且(qie)(qie)大(da)多(duo)年(nian)久失修。全國(guo)(guo)耕(geng)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積有134 921千公(gong)頃，而(er)灌(guan)溉面(mian)(mian)(mian)積僅(jin)有61 890千公(gong)頃。在(zai)人力(li)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)和(he)城鎮(zhen)化(hua)的(de)(de)快速發展(zhan)，推(tui)動(dong)大(da)量(liang)(liang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)非農(nong)(nong)(nong)化(hua)轉移，使得從事(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)的(de)(de)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)數量(liang)(liang)日益(yi)減少(shao)，并(bing)且(qie)(qie)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)日漸(jian)老齡化(hua)。深入(ru)(ru)實施種業(ye)(ye)振興(xing)，培育(yu)節水(shui)、節藥、高(gao)產(chan)的(de)(de)優異(yi)品種，既能(neng)(neng)滿(man)足(zu)人們高(gao)品質(zhi)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)，又(you)能(neng)(neng)突破資(zi)(zi)(zi)源約束。
第二，國際糧食貿易出現“高變數”。“積極穩妥利用國際農產品市場和國外農業資源是一項長期戰略布局。”但地緣政治沖突等一些不穩定因素時有發生，影響我國糧食進口安全。當全球農業生產與貿易還未從新冠疫情的影響中完全恢復過來時，又爆發了俄烏沖突，導致多個國家限制糧食出口。可見，“糧食問題早已超越農業范疇，成為政治問題”，糧食安全成為國家安全不可分割的一部分。深入實施種業振興行動，實現種業科技自立自強，“能夠從源頭上保障國家糧食安全”。習近平正是基于國內外的現實情況，高度重視種業發展，發表了一系列關于種業振興的重要論述，為保障國家糧食安全指明了出路。
綜上(shang)(shang)所(suo)述(shu)(shu)，習近平(ping)(ping)關(guan)于新時代(dai)(dai)種(zhong)業(ye)振(zhen)(zhen)興重要(yao)(yao)論(lun)(lun)(lun)述(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有其內在的(de)(de)邏輯(ji)體系(xi)。從(cong)(cong)理論(lun)(lun)(lun)淵源來(lai)看，其繼承了(le)馬(ma)克(ke)思(si)主(zhu)義經(jing)典作家(jia)關(guan)于種(zhong)子重要(yao)(yao)性的(de)(de)闡述(shu)(shu)，汲取中華優秀傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)文化關(guan)于種(zhong)子的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)認(ren)識，發(fa)展(zhan)了(le)中國(guo)(guo)共(gong)產黨歷代(dai)(dai)領導集體關(guan)于種(zhong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)思(si)想(xiang)。從(cong)(cong)歷史邏輯(ji)來(lai)看，習近平(ping)(ping)關(guan)于新時代(dai)(dai)種(zhong)業(ye)振(zhen)(zhen)興的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)論(lun)(lun)(lun)述(shu)(shu)是在吸取新中國(guo)(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立以來(lai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)種(zhong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)經(jing)驗教訓(xun)的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)，賡續了(le)推動種(zhong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)歷史傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)。從(cong)(cong)現(xian)(xian)實邏輯(ji)來(lai)看，習近平(ping)(ping)關(guan)于新時代(dai)(dai)種(zhong)業(ye)振(zhen)(zhen)興的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)論(lun)(lun)(lun)述(shu)(shu)是對我(wo)國(guo)(guo)糧(liang)食安全(quan)問題(ti)的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)實考量(liang)。這三(san)個(ge)維度是相互(hu)聯系(xi)、不可分割的(de)(de)有機統(tong)(tong)一(yi)體，共(gong)同推動了(le)習近平(ping)(ping)關(guan)于新時代(dai)(dai)種(zhong)業(ye)振(zhen)(zhen)興重要(yao)(yao)論(lun)(lun)(lun)述(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。
二、 習近平關于新時代種業振(zhen)興重要論述的(de)主要內(nei)容
習近(jin)平高度(du)重視種業振(zhen)興在保(bao)障(zhang)國家糧食安全(quan)以及實現農(nong)業現代(dai)化當中的(de)重要作用(yong)，對(dui)新時代(dai)種業振(zhen)興作出(chu)了(le)一(yi)系列新要求，從種業振(zhen)興的(de)物質基礎、根本動力(li)(li)、主體力(li)(li)量、重要平臺、保(bao)障(zhang)措(cuo)施(shi)等方(fang)面進行了(le)深(shen)刻的(de)論述，形成了(le)一(yi)個內涵(han)豐富、邏(luo)輯嚴密(mi)的(de)理(li)論體系。
（一） 物質基礎(chu)：加(jia)強種質資源保(bao)護和利(li)用
“農(nong)業(ye)(ye)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)是保(bao)障國(guo)家糧食安全與重要農(nong)產品供(gong)給的(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)略性資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)，是農(nong)業(ye)(ye)科技原始創新(xin)與現代(dai)(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)基礎(chu)。”縱觀國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)發(fa)(fa)生的(de)(de)綠色革命，無(wu)不(bu)來(lai)自對(dui)(dui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)掘利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)。充分(fen)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)好利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)好種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)，有利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)為種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)(yuan)核心(xin)技術攻關提(ti)供(gong)重要的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)材料，化(hua)解(jie)我(wo)國(guo)核心(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)(yuan)被(bei)“卡(ka)脖(bo)子(zi)”的(de)(de)風(feng)險。進(jin)入(ru)新(xin)時代(dai)(dai)以來(lai)，習近平高(gao)(gao)度重視(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)工(gong)作，曾多(duo)(duo)次提(ti)出要加(jia)強(qiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)。由(you)于(yu)長期(qi)以來(lai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)意(yi)識薄弱(ruo),再加(jia)上快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)全球化(hua)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)深刻影響(xiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)生存環境，使得大量優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)喪(sang)失(shi)，“1956年至2014年，主(zhu)要糧食作物(wu)(wu)地方品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數目(mu)喪(sang)失(shi)比例(li)高(gao)(gao)達71.8%”。不(bu)僅如此(ci)，我(wo)國(guo)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)已有的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)不(bu)充分(fen)，尚(shang)未(wei)將資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)優(you)勢(shi)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為產業(ye)(ye)優(you)勢(shi)。就(jiu)目(mu)前而(er)言還未(wei)搭(da)建起(qi)專業(ye)(ye)化(hua)、智能化(hua)的(de)(de)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)鑒(jian)定(ding)評(ping)價(jia)和基因(yin)發(fa)(fa)掘平臺。雖然我(wo)國(guo)擁(yong)有世界(jie)上第二(er)大種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)庫，但是“通過表型(xing)與基因(yin)型(xing)精準鑒(jian)定(ding)、應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)創新(xin)的(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)到10%，大多(duo)(duo)數資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)尚(shang)未(wei)被(bei)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)”。對(dui)(dui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)的(de)(de)欠缺，使得我(wo)國(guo)在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)程度上依賴國(guo)外(wai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)，再加(jia)上各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)穩定(ding)性因(yin)素的(de)(de)影響(xiang)，我(wo)國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)(yuan)存在(zai)潛(qian)在(zai)的(de)(de)風(feng)險。在(zai)準確把握我(wo)國(guo)國(guo)情(qing)和世界(jie)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)形勢(shi)的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)，習近平不(bu)僅強(qiang)調“要把種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)(yuan)安全提(ti)升到關系國(guo)家安全的(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)略高(gao)(gao)度，加(jia)強(qiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)”，而(er)且還對(dui)(dui)如何保(bao)護(hu)(hu)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)提(ti)出了(le)(le)具體的(de)(de)措(cuo)施(shi)：一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)要加(jia)快種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)普查收集，加(jia)強(qiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)庫建設，為開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)創新(xin)保(bao)存好物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)基礎(chu)，另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)要開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)精準鑒(jian)定(ding)評(ping)價(jia)，全面(mian)(mian)了(le)(le)解(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)遺傳多(duo)(duo)樣性及其可(ke)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)性，將資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)優(you)勢(shi)轉(zhuan)為種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)優(you)勢(shi)，服務于(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)科技創新(xin)。
（二） 根本(ben)動力：提高(gao)種業科(ke)技創新(xin)能力
種業作為國家戰略性、基礎性核心產業，不斷提高種業科技創新能力是推動種業振興、保障國家糧食安全的根本。新中國成立以來，“我國先后啟動了863計劃、國家科技支撐計劃、現代種子工程、良種攻關計劃等與國家種業振興相關的科技項目”，取得了一系列重大成就，促進了種業的大發展。進入新時代以來，習近平曾多次強調要實現種業科技自立自強，但目前我國種業科技創新能力仍未進入世界前列，種業存在被“卡脖子”的潛在風險。從國際上來看，自加入世界貿易組織以來，我國種業逐步走向國際化，已經發展成為世界上第二大規模的種子市場，然而種子貿易卻長期處于逆差狀態。究其根本，是因為我國種業核心技術創新不足。目前，種業強國已經采用先進的生物育種技術，進入4.0智能育種階段，而我國仍然處于從傳統育種向現代育種過渡的階段，我國生物育種技術與種業強國之間存在著較大的差距。我國良種在農業增產中的貢獻率超過45%，而發達國家良種對農業貢獻率普遍在70%以上。從國內來看，人們對于糧食的需求不再滿足于數量充足，而是更加趨于高品質、多樣化和綠色化。當前水稻和小麥兩大口糧作物品種實現100%完全自給，但我國部分高端蔬菜與畜禽種源的對外依存度較高，80%以上的甜菜種子、向日葵高端種子來自國外市場。習近平曾指出我國部分種源大量依賴國外，一旦國外停止供種，將會影響我國供種安全。習近平以高瞻遠矚的視野把握國內外種業發展環境，高度重視種業科技創新，多次強調“必須下決心把我國種業搞上去，實現種業科技自立自強、種源自主可控”。對于如何提高種業科技創新能力，習近平提出要“對育種基礎性研究以及重點育種項目給予長期穩定支持”，“有序推進生物育種產業化應用”。
（三） 主體力量：培育壯大種業企(qi)業
從種業強國的發展現狀來看，種子企業是種業創新發展的主體力量。種企強，種業才能強。近年來，我國種子企業發展迅速，所占市場份額不斷增加，但是與國際種業巨頭相比，仍存在明顯的差距。一方面，我國種子企業的集中度較低，缺少與國際種業巨頭相競爭的龍頭企業。我國經營種子事業的企業數量較多，但受科研投入不足、高端育種人才缺乏、種企間交流合作較為欠缺等各方面因素的影響，大部分種企缺乏育種創新能力，整個種企市場呈現出“小、弱、散”的特點。“持證種企中注冊資本在億元以上的僅占6%，種企市場銷售額在全球占比僅10%”。2022年全球十大種業公司，只有中國化工收購的先正達以及隆平高科位列其中。另一方面，我國種企尚未形成以企業為主體的商業化育種模式。種業強國憑借十分成熟的商業化育種模式，使其種業公司在國際競爭中占據有利地位。而我國的種質資源、育種人才等大都集中在公共科研單位，政府的資金投入及扶持政策也更偏向于公共科研單位，導致種企缺乏足夠的資源支持，還未成為育種創新的主體力量。根據SooPAT網站統計，截至2020年5月底，國內育種相關專利的前十申請人單位均為各類農業大學和科研所。為此，習近平高度重視種企的發展壯大，在主持召開中央全面深化改革委員會第二十次會議時強調：“要強化企業創新主體地位，加強知識產權保護，優化營商環境，引導資源、技術、人才、資本等要素向重點優勢企業聚集”。他還強調“要深化農業科技體制改革”，改變過去政策向公共科研單位傾斜的狀況，形成以企業為主體的商業化育種模式。
（四） 重(zhong)要平(ping)臺(tai)：加快種業基地(di)建設
種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)是良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)場所(suo)，為(wei)(wei)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)育(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)創新(xin)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源自主可控提(ti)供(gong)了有(you)力(li)支撐，對于促進(jin)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產和(he)保(bao)障國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)糧食安(an)全具有(you)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)作用(yong)。“自種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子產業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)改革以來(lai)(lai)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)施現(xian)(xian)代種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)升工程，認(ren)定建(jian)設(she)(she)一批(pi)優勢制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)和(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)園，形成(cheng)了以海南(nan)(nan)、甘肅、四川三(san)大(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)級育(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)核心(xin)，152個制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)骨干的(de)(de)(de)‘國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)隊’”，為(wei)(wei)保(bao)障國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)做出(chu)了突(tu)出(chu)貢(gong)獻。但是目前(qian)從整(zheng)體上來(lai)(lai)看，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子繁(fan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)施仍(reng)處(chu)于較(jiao)低水平(ping)，與發達國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)相(xiang)比仍(reng)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)落(luo)后。一方(fang)面(mian)，“我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科研(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)高端儀器設(she)(she)備、試劑耗材、軟件程序進(jin)口(kou)依賴度很(hen)高”，另一方(fang)面(mian)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)企在種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)(she)方(fang)面(mian)先天不(bu)足。整(zheng)個國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)對于種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)不(bu)僅需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)“國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)隊”來(lai)(lai)支持(chi)，還需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)企的(de)(de)(de)充分參與。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)量(liang)經費支持(chi)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)企由于利潤的(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，用(yong)于基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)經費少之(zhi)又(you)少，再加(jia)上政府支持(chi)力(li)度不(bu)夠，導(dao)致種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)企在種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)(she)中的(de)(de)(de)缺位。基(ji)(ji)(ji)于種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)實(shi)狀(zhuang)況，習(xi)近平(ping)曾多次強調要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)快種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)(she)。2018年，習(xi)近平(ping)在參觀國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)南(nan)(nan)繁(fan)科研(yan)(yan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)時闡(chan)明了為(wei)(wei)什(shen)么要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)設(she)(she)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)以及(ji)建(jian)設(she)(she)什(shen)么樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)育(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)，他強調“國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)南(nan)(nan)繁(fan)科研(yan)(yan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)是國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)寶貴的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科研(yan)(yan)平(ping)臺，一定要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)成(cheng)集科研(yan)(yan)、生(sheng)產、銷(xiao)售、科技(ji)交流、成(cheng)果轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)(wei)一體的(de)(de)(de)服務全國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)‘南(nan)(nan)繁(fan)硅谷’”。2022年習(xi)近平(ping)到(dao)海南(nan)(nan)考察時，再次強調要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)“加(jia)快推進(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)南(nan)(nan)繁(fan)科研(yan)(yan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)(she)”。
（五） 保障措(cuo)施：推(tui)進種業知識產權保護
種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)保護(hu)(hu)是種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)創(chuang)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要保障。如果保護(hu)(hu)不(bu)(bu)嚴(yan)格，那(nei)么(me)科研(yan)成果很容易被(bei)(bei)他(ta)(ta)人(ren)通過多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)途(tu)徑(jing)竊取，這不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)損害(hai)(hai)了(le)科研(yan)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)益(yi)，挫傷科技創(chuang)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)積極性(xing)，而(er)(er)(er)且(qie)(qie)還會(hui)(hui)直(zhi)接(jie)損害(hai)(hai)農民的(de)(de)(de)(de)利益(yi)，進而(er)(er)(er)間(jian)接(jie)影(ying)響國家的(de)(de)(de)(de)糧食(shi)安全(quan)(quan)。就(jiu)目前(qian)而(er)(er)(er)言，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)保護(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)認識(shi)(shi)(shi)、制度(du)(du)(du)以及(ji)執(zhi)行(xing)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)仍存在(zai)(zai)一些問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，影(ying)響種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)良好創(chuang)新環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)營造(zao)。從認識(shi)(shi)(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)來(lai)(lai)看，社會(hui)(hui)大(da)(da)眾對(dui)于種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)保護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)夠，處于研(yan)發端的(de)(de)(de)(de)育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)員(yuan)往往忽視(shi)市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)行(xing)為(wei)，而(er)(er)(er)處于消(xiao)費端的(de)(de)(de)(de)農民對(dui)于品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)是關注它的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植效益(yi)。從制度(du)(du)(du)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)來(lai)(lai)看，我國對(dui)于種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)保護(hu)(hu)制度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)立(li)時間(jian)相對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)晚且(qie)(qie)力(li)度(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)弱，直(zhi)到(dao)2021年，才建(jian)立(li)實質性(xing)派生品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制度(du)(du)(du)。從執(zhi)行(xing)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)來(lai)(lai)看，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)保護(hu)(hu)相較(jiao)(jiao)于其他(ta)(ta)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)而(er)(er)(er)言難度(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)。這是由(you)以下兩個原(yuan)因造(zao)成。第一，取證(zheng)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)困難。被(bei)(bei)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)者維權(quan)(quan)成本較(jiao)(jiao)高，司(si)法(fa)立(li)案(an)偵破(po)對(dui)于受害(hai)(hai)者報案(an)依賴性(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)，且(qie)(qie)假劣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)容易被(bei)(bei)銷毀，導致對(dui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)行(xing)為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)取證(zheng)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)困難。第二，執(zhi)法(fa)難度(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)行(xing)為(wei)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)隱蔽，對(dui)執(zhi)法(fa)部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)性(xing)要求較(jiao)(jiao)高。對(dui)于種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)是一項系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程，不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)需(xu)要技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)支撐，還需(xu)要筑牢(lao)法(fa)律(lv)和監管的(de)(de)(de)(de)堤壩。對(dui)此，習(xi)近平痛批假冒偽(wei)劣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)滋生的(de)(de)(de)(de)亂象(xiang)，指出要高度(du)(du)(du)重(zhong)視(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)保護(hu)(hu)，凈化種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)創(chuang)新環境，并多次強(qiang)調要健全(quan)(quan)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定(ding)和知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)保護(hu)(hu)制度(du)(du)(du)，他(ta)(ta)在(zai)(zai)主持召(zhao)開的(de)(de)(de)(de)中央全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)深化改革(ge)委員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)第二十次會(hui)(hui)議(yi)上(shang)要求“要綜合運用(yong)法(fa)律(lv)、經(jing)濟(ji)、技術、行(xing)政等多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)手段，推行(xing)全(quan)(quan)鏈條、全(quan)(quan)流程監管，對(dui)假冒偽(wei)劣、套牌侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)等突出問(wen)題(ti)(ti)要重(zhong)拳出擊(ji)，讓侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)者付出沉重(zhong)代價”。
綜(zong)上所(suo)(suo)述，習近平(ping)(ping)(ping)回答了(le)“為(wei)什么要進行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)振(zhen)(zhen)興”以(yi)及“怎樣進行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)振(zhen)(zhen)興”這個(ge)時代之問(wen)，以(yi)保(bao)障(zhang)國(guo)家(jia)糧(liang)食安(an)全、實(shi)現(xian)(xian)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)為(wei)出發點，以(yi)實(shi)施種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)振(zhen)(zhen)興五大(da)行動(dong)為(wei)著力(li)點，將(jiang)(jiang)我(wo)國(guo)由(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)國(guo)振(zhen)(zhen)興成種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)強國(guo)。習近平(ping)(ping)(ping)關于(yu)這五個(ge)方面的(de)(de)(de)論述有其內在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)邏(luo)輯關系(xi)。首先，以(yi)保(bao)護利用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)為(wei)物(wu)質(zhi)基(ji)礎(chu)，著力(li)開展種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)普查(cha)收集，摸清(qing)我(wo)國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)底；其次，以(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科技(ji)創(chuang)新為(wei)根(gen)本動(dong)力(li)，在(zai)全面掌握我(wo)國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)現(xian)(xian)實(shi)情(qing)況的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上，通過(guo)自主(zhu)研(yan)發核心技(ji)術，掌握核心種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)，使(shi)現(xian)(xian)代種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)具有核心競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)；第三，將(jiang)(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)主(zhu)體力(li)量，打造具有核心競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)龍頭企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，構建國(guo)家(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)陣(zhen)型，使(shi)中國(guo)躋身(shen)于(yu)世界種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)強國(guo)之列；第四，將(jiang)(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)地作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)支撐平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，為(wei)研(yan)發主(zhu)體提供種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科技(ji)創(chuang)新和(he)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)場所(suo)(suo)；最后，將(jiang)(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)知識產權保(bao)護作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)保(bao)障(zhang)措施，保(bao)障(zhang)科研(yan)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)合法權益，保(bao)護科研(yan)人(ren)員(yuan)開展種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)創(chuang)新的(de)(de)(de)積極性。習近平(ping)(ping)(ping)關于(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)振(zhen)(zhen)興五大(da)方面的(de)(de)(de)重要論述，構成了(le)一個(ge)內涵豐富、邏(luo)輯嚴密的(de)(de)(de)理論體系(xi)，對于(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)振(zhen)(zhen)興實(shi)踐活動(dong)具有重要的(de)(de)(de)指導意義。
三(san)、 習近平關于(yu)新時代種業振興重要論述的(de)時代價值
習(xi)近(jin)平關于(yu)新時代種(zhong)業(ye)振(zhen)(zhen)興重要(yao)論述在應(ying)對(dui)現(xian)實(shi)(shi)挑(tiao)戰中(zhong)彰顯了(le)時代價值，不僅為種(zhong)業(ye)振(zhen)(zhen)興提供了(le)實(shi)(shi)踐路徑，而(er)且為保障(zhang)國家糧(liang)食安(an)全指明了(le)重要(yao)出路，為實(shi)(shi)現(xian)農業(ye)現(xian)代化提供了(le)科學指引，為世界種(zhong)業(ye)發展貢(gong)獻(xian)了(le)中(zhong)國智慧。
（一） 為推(tui)動種業(ye)振興(xing)提供了實踐路徑(jing)
習近平基(ji)(ji)(ji)于國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)外種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現實情(qing)況，從種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)利(li)用(yong)(yong)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)技創(chuang)新、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壯大(da)(da)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)知識(shi)產權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等(deng)方面(mian)闡述(shu)了(le)(le)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)振(zhen)興的(de)(de)(de)(de)著(zhu)力(li)點，為(wei)(wei)各(ge)級組(zu)織開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)振(zhen)興行(xing)動(dong)(dong)、提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際競爭(zheng)力(li)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐路徑。一(yi)是開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)利(li)用(yong)(yong)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)。一(yi)方面(mian)，不斷健全(quan)(quan)(quan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)體系(xi)。自2021年始(shi)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)3年時間，在全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)范圍內(nei)組(zu)織開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)普查，摸(mo)清我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)、畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)和(he)(he)水產種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)底。除此之外，“逐步建(jian)(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)長期庫(ku)、中(zhong)(zhong)期庫(ku)、保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場、保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區、基(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)庫(ku)相配套(tao)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級和(he)(he)省級相銜接的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)體系(xi)”。另一(yi)方面(mian)，加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)(kai)發利(li)用(yong)(yong)力(li)度。2023年中(zhong)(zhong)央一(yi)號文(wen)件(jian)明(ming)確提(ti)出要“構建(jian)(jian)開(kai)(kai)放(fang)協作、共享應用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)精準鑒定(ding)評價機制(zhi)”，將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)精準鑒定(ding)評價列(lie)為(wei)(wei)重點工作。二是開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)創(chuang)新攻關行(xing)動(dong)(dong)。2023年中(zhong)(zhong)央一(yi)號文(wen)件(jian)提(ti)出要“全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)實施生物(wu)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重大(da)(da)項目，扎實推(tui)進國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)聯合攻關和(he)(he)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)遺傳改良(liang)計(ji)劃”。三(san)(san)(san)是開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)扶優行(xing)動(dong)(dong)。自2021年以來，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)著(zhu)力(li)構建(jian)(jian)“破難題、補(bu)短(duan)板、強(qiang)優勢”的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)陣型。2022年，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)部(bu)印發了(le)(le)《關于扶持國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)陣型企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通知》，明(ming)確提(ti)出打造一(yi)批(pi)“航母型領軍(jun)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、‘隱形冠軍(jun)’企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化平臺企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)形成優勢種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)群”。四是開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)部(bu)辦公廳(ting)印發了(le)(le)《關于加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)推(tui)進種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)現代(dai)化建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指導意見》《“十(shi)(shi)四五”現代(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)工程建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)規劃》等(deng)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策文(wen)件(jian)。2021年，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)部(bu)財政(zheng)部(bu)推(tui)出三(san)(san)(san)大(da)(da)舉措(cuo)力(li)促國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級。目前，“以全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)52個(ge)制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)縣和(he)(he)100個(ge)區域性良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁育(yu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)骨干的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)‘國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)隊’，保(bao)障了(le)(le)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)70％以上(shang)作物(wu)用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)需求”。五是開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)市場凈(jing)化行(xing)動(dong)(dong)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)部(bu)分(fen)別于2021年4月和(he)(he)7月啟動(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)期3年的(de)(de)(de)(de)“全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)監管執法(fa)年”和(he)(he)為(wei)(wei)期半年的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)知識(shi)產權(quan)專(zhuan)項整(zheng)治(zhi)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)凈(jing)化種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)市場。與此同時，2021年12月24日召開(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)屆全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人民代(dai)表大(da)(da)會(hui)(hui)常務委員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)第三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)二次(ci)會(hui)(hui)議對《中(zhong)(zhong)華人民共和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子法(fa)》進行(xing)了(le)(le)第三(san)(san)(san)次(ci)修訂，建(jian)(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)實質(zhi)(zhi)性派生品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)度，為(wei)(wei)延(yan)長保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鏈條、擴大(da)(da)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)范圍提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)法(fa)律制(zhi)度保(bao)障。
（二） 為保障國家(jia)糧食(shi)安全指明了重要出路
“無農(nong)不(bu)穩(wen)，無糧(liang)(liang)則亂。這一幕(mu)在(zai)古今中(zhong)外(wai)(wai)反復(fu)(fu)上演。”習(xi)近平強(qiang)調，“只有(you)(you)把(ba)牢糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)權，才能(neng)把(ba)穩(wen)強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)復(fu)(fu)興主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)權”。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)如(ru)何保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)，成為(wei)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)重要課題(ti)。習(xi)近平在(zai)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)研(yan)判我國(guo)(guo)(guo)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)面(mian)(mian)臨的(de)風險與挑戰(zhan)基礎上，為(wei)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)指明了出(chu)路(lu)，他強(qiang)調“堅持農(nong)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)自(zi)立自(zi)強(qiang)，用中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)”。就保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)而(er)言，實(shi)施種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)振(zhen)興，提(ti)高(gao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創新(xin)能(neng)力有(you)(you)如(ru)下作用：第一，有(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)突破資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)稟(bing)賦的(de)限(xian)制，提(ti)高(gao)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)產(chan)。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)人口眾多、水(shui)(shui)土資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)限(xian)且分布不(bu)均，開展(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)振(zhen)興行動(dong)(dong)(dong)，能(neng)夠推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)創新(xin)性發展(zhan)，培育出(chu)高(gao)產(chan)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)的(de)優良(liang)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。河北小(xiao)麥(mai)專家郭進考研(yan)制出(chu)的(de)“馬蘭1號”高(gao)產(chan)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)小(xiao)麥(mai)，“被推(tui)廣到(dao)8個(ge)省份，累計種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積4.2億畝，增產(chan)小(xiao)麥(mai)105億公斤，節(jie)水(shui)(shui)125億立方米”，達到(dao)了增產(chan)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植效果。第二，有(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)民種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)積極性，保(bao)(bao)證糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)穩(wen)定供給(gei)(gei)。由于(yu)(yu)農(nong)民種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)收益偏(pian)低，在(zai)農(nong)村出(chu)現(xian)(xian)了耕地(di)“非(fei)農(nong)化”“非(fei)糧(liang)(liang)化”現(xian)(xian)象。開展(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)振(zhen)興行動(dong)(dong)(dong)，提(ti)高(gao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創新(xin)能(neng)力，研(yan)發高(gao)產(chan)優質品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)僅可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)增產(chan)，還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)通過單(dan)粒(li)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、節(jie)藥節(jie)肥(fei)等途徑減少生產(chan)成本(ben)，擴大(da)農(nong)民獲利空間。第三，有(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)打贏核心種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)攻堅戰(zhan)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)核心種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)控。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)雖然在(zai)口糧(liang)(liang)方面(mian)(mian)做到(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)100%自(zi)給(gei)(gei)，但是在(zai)蔬菜和畜(chu)禽等方面(mian)(mian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)依存度較高(gao)。開展(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)振(zhen)興行動(dong)(dong)(dong)，研(yan)發核心技(ji)(ji)(ji)術，掌握核心種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，能(neng)夠打破國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)核心種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術壟(long)斷。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)作為(wei)白羽肉雞消費大(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)，長期以(yi)來(lai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)完全(quan)依賴進口。2019年圣農(nong)集(ji)團成功(gong)培育出(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)第一個(ge)具有(you)(you)完全(quan)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權的(de)白羽肉雞新(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)——“圣澤901”，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)了白羽肉雞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)控。
（三） 為實(shi)現農業(ye)現代化提(ti)供了科學指引
農業的根本出路在于現代化，習近平指出，我們的國情決定了我們絕不能照搬一些國家大規模經營、大機械作業的方式，也不能采取依靠國家高補貼來維持高價格的做法，我們應“加快轉變農業發展方式，加快農業技術創新步伐，走出一條集約、高效、安全、持續的現代農業發展道路”。習近平關于種業振興的重要論述為實現農業現代化提供了科學指引，他強調“這設備那設備，這條件那條件，沒有良種難以實現現代化”。一方面，實施種業振興，能夠推進農業向著集約、高效的現代農業發展道路前進。據農業農村部統計，2004年至2021年，我國農業耕種收綜合機械化率從34%躍升至72%。農業耕種機械化率的提高不僅是農機裝備提檔升級的效果，也是宜機化糧食品種研發的結果。例如，宜機化玉米品種推進玉米生產全程機械化，研發的銅麥6號、長航1號等優質品種能夠推進小麥“3335”播種技術，推動了農業現代化發展。另一方面，實施種業振興，能夠推動農業向著安全、持續的現代化農業發展道路前進。長期以來，我國農業以粗放式生產方式為主，過度使用化肥農藥，根據國家統計局數據顯示，農用化肥施用量從1978年每公頃約0.2噸增加到2022年每公頃約0.7噸，農藥使用量由1990年每公頃4.9千克增加到2016年10.5千克，這嚴重破壞了人與自然和諧共生。開展種業振興行動，有利于研發節藥節肥的環境友好型品種，推動農業向著安全性、持續性方向發展。
; （四） 為(wei)世界(jie)種(zhong)業事業發展貢獻了中國智慧
當前(qian)(qian)世(shi)界(jie)各國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)存(cun)在較(jiao)大的差距(ju)，一些發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)由于受自身(shen)綜合(he)實力(li)薄弱(ruo)以(yi)及發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)達國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術封(feng)鎖等因素的影響(xiang)，其(qi)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)事業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)速度緩慢，尚未實現(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源自主可(ke)控，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)糧食(shi)安全難以(yi)保障，時局動蕩(dang)時有(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。習近平關于種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)振興的重要(yao)論述不(bu)僅能夠推(tui)動中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)向現(xian)代化方(fang)向發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，而(er)且能夠為(wei)(wei)世(shi)界(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)貢獻中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)智慧和(he)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)力(li)量。一方(fang)面，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)加強(qiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資(zi)源保護利用(yong)，保存(cun)了(le)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)豐富的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資(zi)源，為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)間種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資(zi)源的交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換與(yu)合(he)作做出了(le)突出貢獻。“我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)長期保存(cun)作物資(zi)源超過(guo)(guo)51萬份、畜禽地(di)方(fang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)560多個、水(shui)產種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資(zi)源近2萬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物資(zi)源23萬多份，位(wei)居(ju)世(shi)界(jie)前(qian)(qian)列。”其(qi)中(zhong)，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)稻品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)目(mu)前(qian)(qian)已在40多個國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)地(di)區(qu)推(tui)廣(guang)應(ying)用(yong)。另(ling)一方(fang)面，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)提(ti)高(gao)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)創新能力(li)，為(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)薄弱(ruo)的國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)提(ti)供了(le)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術援助。進(jin)入新時代以(yi)來，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)斷提(ti)高(gao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)創新能力(li)，并在實踐的過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)形成了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樣板。在此基(ji)(ji)礎上，我們通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)“南南合(he)作”“一帶一路(lu)”向其(qi)他國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)派遣技(ji)(ji)(ji)術人(ren)(ren)員(yuan),傳授(shou)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)經驗與(yu)先進(jin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術。例(li)如(ru)，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)派遣專業(ye)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)不(bu)僅將中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小麥技(ji)(ji)(ji)術引進(jin)巴(ba)基(ji)(ji)斯(si)坦，而(er)且還(huan)(huan)根據巴(ba)基(ji)(ji)斯(si)坦的耕作制度、生(sheng)(sheng)產方(fang)式，圍繞抗(kang)旱節水(shui)需求探索了(le)適宜巴(ba)基(ji)(ji)斯(si)坦應(ying)用(yong)的雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小麥配套種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植技(ji)(ji)(ji)術，達到了(le)增(zeng)產的效果。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)僅推(tui)廣(guang)先進(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術，助力(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)農(nong)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，而(er)且還(huan)(huan)對(dui)受援國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)訓(xun)，“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)研究(jiu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)先后(hou)赴印度、巴(ba)基(ji)(ji)斯(si)坦等國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)提(ti)供建議和(he)咨詢，并通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際培(pei)訓(xun)班為(wei)(wei)80多個發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)培(pei)訓(xun)超過(guo)(guo)1.4萬名雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)稻專業(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術人(ren)(ren)才”，為(wei)(wei)促(cu)進(jin)其(qi)他發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)實現(xian)可(ke)持續(xu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)作出了(le)貢獻。
本文作者簡介(jie)：韓廣(guang)富(fu)，吉林大學馬克思主義學院教(jiao)授、博士(shi)生導師，法學博士(shi)，從(cong)事(shi)中國共產黨(dang)農(nong)村反貧困(kun)理論與實踐研(yan)究。
來源丨原文詳見:韓廣富,黃文匯.習近平關于新時代種業振興重要論述的形成邏輯、主要內容及時代價值[J].江蘇大學學報（社會科學版），2024（4）:1-13.
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