農業農村部就國家農作物優良品種推廣目錄有關情況召開新聞發布會
來源：
主要內容：2023年4月18日（周二）上午10時，農業農村部新聞辦公室舉行新聞發布會，介紹國家農作物優良品種推廣目錄有關情況，并回答記者提問。
出席嘉賓：國家農作物品種審定委員會副主任、種業管理司副司長楊海生 國家農作物品種審定委員會辦公室主任、全國農技中心副主任劉信 農業農村部新聞發言人、辦公廳副主任劉均勇
時 間：2023年04月18日
地 點：農業農村部新聞發布廳
視頻實錄VIDEO
文字實錄
[農業農村部新聞發言人、辦公廳副主任 劉均勇]:
女士們(men)(men)(men)、先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)們(men)(men)(men)，媒體朋友們(men)(men)(men)，大(da)家(jia)上(shang)午(wu)好！歡迎出席農(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村部(bu)新(xin)(xin)聞辦公(gong)室(shi)舉(ju)行的新(xin)(xin)聞發布會(hui)。今天發布會(hui)的主(zhu)(zhu)題是介紹國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)優良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)推廣目錄有關情況，我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)邀請(qing)到了國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)委員會(hui)副主(zhu)(zhu)任(ren)、農(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村部(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)管理司副司長楊(yang)海生(sheng)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)，國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)委員會(hui)辦公(gong)室(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)任(ren)、全國(guo)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)技術推廣服務中(zhong)心副主(zhu)(zhu)任(ren)劉信(xin)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)，為我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)介紹有關情況，并回答大(da)家(jia)的提問。
下(xia)面，首先請楊海生先生介紹有關情況。
2023-04-18 10:00:32
[國家農作物品種(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定委員會(hui)副(fu)主任、農業農村(cun)部種(zhong)(zhong)業管理(li)司副(fu)司長(chang) 楊海(hai)生]:
女(nv)士們、先(xian)生們，媒(mei)體朋友們，大家(jia)上(shang)午好(hao)！非(fei)常感謝大家(jia)對(dui)種業發(fa)展的關注和支(zhi)持！
習近平總書(shu)記(ji)強調，保(bao)障糧食(shi)和重要農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)穩定安(an)全(quan)供給始(shi)終是建(jian)設(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業強國(guo)的頭等大事。黨(dang)的二十大對全(quan)方位夯實糧食(shi)安(an)全(quan)根基、加快(kuai)(kuai)建(jian)設(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業強國(guo)作(zuo)出了(le)系統(tong)部署，明確要求深入實施種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業振興(xing)行(xing)動。加快(kuai)(kuai)選育優(you)良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，對于實現這一重大戰(zhan)略任務(wu)具有重要作(zuo)用。為此，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村部決定從2023年開始(shi)編制發布(bu)(bu)國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物優(you)良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)推廣(guang)目(mu)錄，旨在分類(lei)指導優(you)良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)推廣(guang)應用，加快(kuai)(kuai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)更新換代(dai)，促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)(chan)大面積(ji)單產(chan)(chan)提(ti)升。今(jin)年2月(yue)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村部發布(bu)(bu)了(le)2023年國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物優(you)良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)推廣(guang)目(mu)錄，對10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物、241個(ge)(ge)優(you)良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進行(xing)了(le)重點推介。下面，我先從兩個(ge)(ge)方面簡要介紹一下有關情況。
第一，關于國(guo)家農作(zuo)物優良品種(zhong)推廣目錄的編(bian)制背景。主(zhu)要有三個層面的工作(zuo)背景。
一是從中央決策部署看，黨的十八大以來，習近平總書記多次強調要下決心把民族種業搞上去，從源頭上保障糧食安全。總書記在2022年中央農村工作會議上強調，抓種子要選準突破口，持續發力，協同攻關，把種業振興行動切實抓出成效，把當家品種牢牢攥在自己手里。同時，中央種業振興行動方案也明確要求，要加大種業科技成果推廣力度，加快優良品種的推廣應用，這些都為推進種業振興指明了前進方向，也為我們編制發布國家農作物優良品種推廣目錄提供了基本遵循。
二(er)是從生(sheng)產(chan)實踐(jian)看，面對當(dang)前糧(liang)食(shi)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)剛性增(zeng)長(chang)和資(zi)源環(huan)境硬性約束(shu)，我國糧(liang)食(shi)和重(zhong)要農(nong)產(chan)品供求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)緊平衡狀態仍將長(chang)期存在(zai)。目前國家正在(zai)部署(shu)實施新(xin)(xin)一輪糧(liang)食(shi)產(chan)能提(ti)升行(xing)動。保(bao)障糧(liang)食(shi)和重(zhong)要農(nong)產(chan)品穩(wen)定安全(quan)供給，依靠(kao)擴大種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積已(yi)經很難了(le)，必須盡快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)轉到(dao)主攻(gong)單產(chan)水平提(ti)升上(shang)。對于種(zhong)(zhong)業而言，一方面要針對當(dang)前農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)急迫需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，加快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)優良(liang)品種(zhong)(zhong)推(tui)廣，集成應(ying)用良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)良(liang)法良(liang)田良(liang)制和良(liang)機等綜合技術(shu)方案，充分挖掘現有品種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)量潛力，盡快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)縮(suo)小大田生(sheng)產(chan)水平和品種(zhong)(zhong)試驗產(chan)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)差距。另一方面，要瞄準未(wei)來發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，加緊推(tui)進育種(zhong)(zhong)聯合攻(gong)關，加快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)選育高產(chan)穩(wen)產(chan)、綠色優質(zhi)、廣適(shi)多抗、宜機專用的(de)(de)(de)(de)突破(po)性新(xin)(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)，有力推(tui)動我們的(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)食(shi)和重(zhong)要農(nong)產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)能力再上(shang)新(xin)(xin)臺階(jie)。
2023-04-18 10:07:14
[楊海生]:
三是從目(mu)前品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)推(tui)廣(guang)現(xian)狀看，近年來，我國(guo)的(de)農作物品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)育步伐明(ming)顯(xian)加快(kuai)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)上，審定(ding)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)、登記(ji)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)快(kuai)速(su)增(zeng)長，有力保障了(le)農業生產用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)需求；在(zai)(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)質量(liang)上，一(yi)(yi)大批綠(lv)色、優(you)質、專用(yong)(yong)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)正(zheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)加快(kuai)推(tui)廣(guang)，有效滿足(zu)了(le)市場需求和人民美好生活的(de)需要；在(zai)(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)類型上，一(yi)(yi)些特色專用(yong)(yong)的(de)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)也(ye)開始陸(lu)續(xu)推(tui)出(chu)，更好地適應了(le)農業生產方式轉變的(de)新要求。但(dan)與(yu)此同時，我們也(ye)清醒地看到(dao)，隨(sui)著(zhu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)的(de)快(kuai)速(su)增(zeng)多(duo)，品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)同質化問題也(ye)日益突出(chu)，這既給農民選(xuan)種(zhong)用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)帶來了(le)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)困難，也(ye)不利于品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)的(de)選(xuan)育創新。為此，業界都希望能有一(yi)(yi)部可供借鑒參(can)考(kao)的(de)優(you)良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)推(tui)廣(guang)目(mu)錄，引導育種(zhong)創新方向(xiang)，指導農民科學(xue)選(xuan)種(zhong)、正(zheng)確用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)。
當(dang)前，正(zheng)是春耕(geng)備耕(geng)的(de)關鍵時(shi)節，應(ying)該說編制發(fa)布國家農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)優良品種(zhong)推廣目錄是正(zheng)當(dang)其時(shi)，有利于(yu)我們的(de)育(yu)種(zhong)企業(ye)(ye)和單位能(neng)夠育(yu)好種(zhong)、推好種(zhong)，有利于(yu)我們廣大(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民選好種(zhong)、用好種(zhong)，助力再奪全年(nian)糧油增(zeng)產、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)豐(feng)收。
第(di)二(er)，關(guan)于國家(jia)農作物(wu)優(you)良品種推廣目錄的主要內容。
前不久，農業農村部發布的2023年國家農作物優良品種推廣目錄，是緊緊圍繞當前農業生產的用種需求，突出了推介、引領、科普“三大定位”，重點推介了10種農作物、241個優良品種。主要包括：一是聚焦“米袋子”，推介了水稻、小麥、玉米優良品種97個，其中水稻品種36個、小麥品種29個、玉米品種32個。二是聚焦“油瓶子”，推介了大豆、油菜、花生優良品種70個，其中大豆品種22個、油菜品種26個、花生品種22個。三是聚焦“菜籃子”，推介了馬鈴薯、大白菜、結球甘藍等優良品種61個，其中馬鈴薯品種20個、大白菜品種21個、結球甘藍品種20個。四是也兼顧到重要的戰略物資，推介了棉花品種13個。同時以上推介的這些優良品種，涉及骨干型、成長型、苗頭型和特專型四種類型的品種類型，其中骨干型品種80個，成長型品種66個、苗頭型品種64個、特專型品種31個，這樣就可以形成一個相對完整、遞次推進的品種推廣梯隊，可以分類引導品種推廣應用，有利于加快推動品種的更新換代。后續，我們也將做好統籌規劃，部省協調聯動，進一步建立健全農作物品種展示示范體系，加快優良品種的推廣應用，持續推進農業生產單產水平的提升。
下面，我和我的同事愿意回答大家的問題。謝謝！
2023-04-18 10:07:28
[劉均勇]:
謝謝楊海生先生的(de)介紹，下面進入提(ti)問(wen)環節，提(ti)問(wen)之前請先通報一(yi)下所代表的(de)新聞(wen)機構。
2023-04-18 10:11:31
[封面新聞記者]:
我們注意(yi)到，近年來，農(nong)業農(nong)村部不斷加強品種(zhong)(zhong)審定管理，開展(zhan)品種(zhong)(zhong)展(zhan)示(shi)評價，遴選推介優良品種(zhong)(zhong)。請問，本次目錄為什么(me)要分類(lei)推介？主要遴選的標準是(shi)(shi)什么(me)？今后是(shi)(shi)否會考(kao)慮推介更(geng)多的瓜果、蔬(shu)菜等農(nong)作物(wu)優良品種(zhong)(zhong)？謝謝。
2023-04-18 10:12:07
[楊海生]:
謝(xie)謝(xie)你的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提問(wen)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個問(wen)題我(wo)來(lai)回答(da)。我(wo)們(men)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)次品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)介(jie)(jie)，將(jiang)優良(liang)(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)劃分成(cheng)四種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)進行推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)介(jie)(jie)，主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)從我(wo)們(men)農業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際出(chu)發(fa)。大家(jia)都(dou)(dou)知道，在農業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)實踐當中，農作物品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每一(yi)次更新(xin)(xin)換(huan)代，都(dou)(dou)會帶來(lai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)單(dan)產(chan)水(shui)平(ping)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提升(sheng)(sheng)。一(yi)個品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)應用(yong)，都(dou)(dou)有(you)(you)一(yi)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命周期(qi)，一(yi)般(ban)都(dou)(dou)要(yao)經過苗頭(tou)期(qi)、成(cheng)長期(qi)、骨干期(qi)和(he)(he)(he)衰退期(qi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)四個階段(duan)(duan)。我(wo)們(men)通常所說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個大品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、好品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，從審(shen)定后開始，到大面積(ji)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)開，再發(fa)展為生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)栽品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)般(ban)都(dou)(dou)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)至(zhi)少6到8年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間。所以，與以往品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)介(jie)(jie)不同，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)次我(wo)們(men)將(jiang)優良(liang)(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分類(lei)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)介(jie)(jie)，主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)基于(yu)三方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考(kao)慮：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)遵循品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)應用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規律。推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)目錄主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)依(yi)據這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合表現，將(jiang)其劃分為骨干型(xing)(xing)(xing)、成(cheng)長型(xing)(xing)(xing)、苗頭(tou)型(xing)(xing)(xing)三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，能夠(gou)更客觀地反映這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)應用(yong)所處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階段(duan)(duan)。同時，還考(kao)慮到在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)(xie)特(te)殊需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)，也(ye)(ye)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)出(chu)了一(yi)些(xie)(xie)特(te)色專用(yong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)就形(xing)成(cheng)比(bi)較完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)逐步推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)梯隊，也(ye)(ye)便于(yu)我(wo)們(men)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)結合自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)，有(you)(you)針對(dui)(dui)性地科學選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)更新(xin)(xin)換(huan)代，促進單(dan)產(chan)水(shui)平(ping)提升(sheng)(sheng)。二是(shi)(shi)樹立品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)示范推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標桿。列入推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)目錄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)經過系統梳理(li)篩(shai)選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代表性品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，應該說這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)反映了農業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)對(dui)(dui)優良(liang)(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)其中，既有(you)(you)當前在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)大面積(ji)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)栽品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)能夠(gou)反映和(he)(he)(he)體(ti)現未來(lai)發(fa)展趨勢(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苗頭(tou)型(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以及(ji)市場需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)色專用(yong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)利于(yu)我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單(dan)位、育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)家(jia)能夠(gou)緊盯生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)，引(yin)領(ling)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)方向。三是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)遞品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)應用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)效。推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)目錄也(ye)(ye)能夠(gou)幫助我(wo)們(men)業(ye)界和(he)(he)(he)社會及(ji)時了解(jie)到我(wo)們(men)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)創新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)進展、新(xin)(xin)成(cheng)效。隨著(zhu)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)好品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、新(xin)(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源源不斷地推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)出(chu)和(he)(he)(he)更新(xin)(xin)換(huan)代，也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)利于(yu)讓(rang)社會增強我(wo)國(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)自主(zhu)創新(xin)(xin)、靠(kao)中國(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)來(lai)保障(zhang)中國(guo)(guo)糧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堅定信心。
2023-04-18 10:16:41
[楊海生]:
這(zhe)次(ci)推(tui)(tui)介的(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，骨干型(xing)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是指(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)當前生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)上(shang)主(zhu)(zhu)推(tui)(tui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。比(bi)(bi)如(ru)說像(xiang)糧棉油之類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，需(xu)要(yao)連續三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)面(mian)積能夠(gou)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)全(quan)國排名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前十(shi)位(wei)，蔬菜(cai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)連續三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)面(mian)積進(jin)入(ru)(ru)全(quan)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)前五位(wei)，因為蔬菜(cai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)比(bi)(bi)較多。成(cheng)長型(xing)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是指(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)展(zhan)示評(ping)價當中綜(zong)合表(biao)現(xian)突出(chu)，近(jin)(jin)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)面(mian)積上(shang)升速度(du)(du)很(hen)快，在(zai)全(quan)國適宜生(sheng)態區(qu)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)排名(ming)能進(jin)入(ru)(ru)全(quan)國前三(san)十(shi)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)望(wang)成(cheng)為今后骨干型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接班品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。苗頭型(xing)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是指(zhi)(zhi)近(jin)(jin)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)審定或者(zhe)登記(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)展(zhan)示評(ping)價當中，其產(chan)(chan)(chan)量、抗性(xing)(xing)、品(pin)(pin)質等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)表(biao)現(xian)優異，未來的(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)前景非常好，也(ye)包括我(wo)們國家陣型(xing)企業(ye)、育(yu)繁(fan)推(tui)(tui)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)企業(ye)準備要(yao)主(zhu)(zhu)推(tui)(tui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。特(te)色(se)專(zhuan)用(yong)型(xing)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是指(zhi)(zhi)符合多元化(hua)市場需(xu)求，在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量、品(pin)(pin)質、抗性(xing)(xing)、熟期以及(ji)適宜機械化(hua)和特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)制度(du)(du)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)有(you)新突破的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)色(se)專(zhuan)用(yong)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，比(bi)(bi)如(ru)帶狀復合種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植、水稻中的(de)(de)(de)(de)再生(sheng)稻這(zhe)些特(te)色(se)農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)制度(du)(du)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)有(you)新突破的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)實(shi)踐當中，我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)和廣(guang)(guang)大農(nong)(nong)民(min)可以根據自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求，有(you)針對性(xing)(xing)地(di)選擇不同(tong)類(lei)型(xing)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，這(zhe)樣既能充(chong)分反映生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際需(xu)求，也(ye)能更(geng)好地(di)發(fa)揮(hui)優良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量潛(qian)力。同(tong)時(shi)，我(wo)們也(ye)希(xi)望(wang)通過推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)目錄(lu)，能夠(gou)讓優良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)上(shang)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)長期更(geng)縮短一(yi)些，由至少6到8年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)縮短到5到6年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，甚至更(geng)短，讓這(zhe)些優良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能夠(gou)更(geng)快地(di)大面(mian)積推(tui)(tui)開。
今(jin)后(hou)，我(wo)們(men)還(huan)將根據生產(chan)的(de)實際需(xu)求(qiu)，逐(zhu)步擴大推廣目錄發布的(de)作物(wu)種類范圍(wei)，完善(shan)發布的(de)信息內容(rong)，更(geng)好地(di)適應(ying)農(nong)業生產(chan)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu)和農(nong)民用種的(de)需(xu)要。謝(xie)(xie)謝(xie)(xie)。
2023-04-18 10:21:32
[人民日報記者]:
今年(nian)中央1號文(wen)件(jian)明確提出要主(zhu)攻單產，請問在品種方面還有多大潛力可挖(wa)？謝(xie)謝(xie)。
2023-04-18 10:27:01
[楊海生]:
謝謝你的(de)提問(wen)(wen)，這個問(wen)(wen)題由我的(de)同事劉信副主任來(lai)回答(da)。
2023-04-18 10:27:12
[國家農作物品種(zhong)審定(ding)委員會辦公室主(zhu)任、全國農業(ye)技術推廣服(fu)務中(zhong)心副(fu)主(zhu)任 劉(liu)信]:
謝謝你(ni)的(de)提(ti)問。今年(nian)中央1號文(wen)件明確了主攻單產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)重點任務，就(jiu)是(shi)要(yao)在措施上重點強化藏糧于技(ji)的(de)物質基礎，聚焦提(ti)高(gao)單產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，向科(ke)(ke)技(ji)要(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量、要(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)。種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)作為(wei)農(nong)業的(de)“芯片”，支撐單產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)提(ti)升(sheng)的(de)潛(qian)力還很(hen)大(da)(da)。從我國(guo)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)實踐看，品種(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)于農(nong)業生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)貢獻很(hen)大(da)(da)。新(xin)中國(guo)成立以來，我國(guo)糧食(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量從2000億斤(jin)(jin)逐步攀升(sheng)到了1.3萬(wan)億斤(jin)(jin)以上，平均畝(mu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)從68.6公斤(jin)(jin)增(zeng)加到了387公斤(jin)(jin)，良種(zhong)(zhong)功(gong)不(bu)可沒。農(nong)作物品種(zhong)(zhong)先后經(jing)歷了6到8次更新(xin)換代，對(dui)提(ti)高(gao)糧食(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量發揮了舉(ju)足(zu)輕(qing)重的(de)關鍵作用(yong)。例如(ru)，近(jin)十年(nian)來，玉米品種(zhong)(zhong)鄭單958、先玉335、京科(ke)(ke)968、登海605等在生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)上大(da)(da)面積(ji)推廣(guang)應用(yong)，畝(mu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)從331公斤(jin)(jin)提(ti)高(gao)到了419公斤(jin)(jin)，增(zeng)加了27%。小(xiao)麥品種(zhong)(zhong)濟麥22、矮抗58、百農(nong)207等推廣(guang)應用(yong)，畝(mu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)從300公斤(jin)(jin)提(ti)高(gao)到了387.3公斤(jin)(jin)，年(nian)均增(zeng)加5公斤(jin)(jin)以上。
從國(guo)際先進水(shui)平(ping)(ping)看，挖掘(jue)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)增產(chan)潛(qian)(qian)力(li)(li)還很大(da)。據調(diao)查統計，我國(guo)2021年(nian)國(guo)家大(da)豆品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)畝產(chan)在149公(gong)斤(jin)到236公(gong)斤(jin)之(zhi)間(jian)，玉(yu)米品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)畝產(chan)在565公(gong)斤(jin)到1043公(gong)斤(jin)之(zhi)間(jian)，接近或者超(chao)過美(mei)國(guo)大(da)田的(de)(de)畝產(chan)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)。但從我國(guo)大(da)田單產(chan)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)看，大(da)豆、玉(yu)米品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)平(ping)(ping)均單產(chan)只(zhi)有國(guo)家品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)單產(chan)的(de)(de)70%左右(you)，也僅相(xiang)當于美(mei)國(guo)大(da)田單產(chan)的(de)(de)6到7成，與國(guo)際先進水(shui)平(ping)(ping)還有不(bu)小(xiao)的(de)(de)差距(ju)。通過持續品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)選育和(he)技術(shu)集成，將現有品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)的(de)(de)增產(chan)潛(qian)(qian)力(li)(li)充分挖掘(jue)出來，有利于盡快(kuai)縮小(xiao)與大(da)田產(chan)量和(he)試(shi)驗(yan)產(chan)量之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)差距(ju)。
從種業科技進步看，培育優良品種步伐正在加快。近年來，我國不斷加大育種創新攻關力度，品種選育數量大幅增加，品種類型不斷豐富，一批高產穩產、優質綠色新品種加快推出。比如，水稻優質品種占比在逐年增加。2022年，國審米質達到國標二級以上優良品種占比首次超過6成，兼具綠色、優質、高產的“三好”品種就有22個。目前，我國良種對農業增產的貢獻率只有45%，距離歐美發達國家60%以上還有很大的提升空間。隨著生物技術等育種新技術廣泛應用和研發投入的不斷加大，未來的品種培育潛力仍然巨大，可為農業用種提供更多的品種選擇，更好地滿足人民美好生活的需要。謝謝。
2023-04-18 10:27:22
[中國三農發布記者]:
今(jin)年(nian)還將(jiang)加力(li)擴(kuo)種(zhong)大豆油料，請(qing)問我國現(xian)有的(de)大豆油料品種(zhong)能否滿足擴(kuo)種(zhong)的(de)需求？后續的(de)工作是怎(zen)么安(an)排的(de)？謝謝。
2023-04-18 10:34:52
[楊海生]:
謝謝你的(de)提問，說明你對我們國家大豆生產(chan)非常關心(xin)。這個問題(ti)也是由我的(de)同事(shi)劉信(xin)副主任來(lai)回答。
2023-04-18 10:35:03
[劉信]:
謝謝你的提問。近年來(lai)，我國大豆油(you)(you)料(liao)科(ke)研育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)作取得了(le)(le)積(ji)極進展(zhan)，積(ji)累了(le)(le)大量優(you)異種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源，品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選育步(bu)伐加(jia)快，品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing)多(duo)樣化(hua)(hua)，尤其在品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提升方面成效顯著。可以(yi)說，現有品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基本(ben)可以(yi)保(bao)障當前(qian)擴種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)需求。目(mu)前(qian)，我國已保(bao)存(cun)大豆資源4.3萬份、油(you)(you)菜(cai)資源9600多(duo)份、花生資源8900多(duo)份，這些均居世界(jie)前(qian)列(lie)。近十(shi)年來(lai)，全國先后審定大豆品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1930個(ge)，登記油(you)(you)菜(cai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1444個(ge)、花生品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1047個(ge)，品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)結構不斷優(you)化(hua)(hua)，推出了(le)(le)一批高(gao)(gao)產優(you)質(zhi)專用的突破性(xing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。目(mu)前(qian)，年推廣(guang)面積(ji)十(shi)萬畝以(yi)上的品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中，高(gao)(gao)油(you)(you)和高(gao)(gao)蛋白大豆品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占比達到(dao)41%，油(you)(you)菜(cai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)實現全部“雙低(di)”化(hua)(hua)，已育成抗倒(dao)宜(yi)機品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和抗根腫病品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，花生已培育出高(gao)(gao)產高(gao)(gao)油(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)油(you)(you)酸品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
為適(shi)應(ying)農業高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，大(da)(da)豆(dou)油(you)料育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工作(zuo)還需長短結(jie)合(he)(he)、分(fen)類推(tui)進(jin)、精(jing)準(zhun)施(shi)策、久久為功。一是(shi)加(jia)強(qiang)優(you)(you)(you)異種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鑒(jian)定(ding)利(li)用。突出大(da)(da)豆(dou)油(you)料產量(liang)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)、抗病性、生(sheng)育(yu)期等(deng)重要農藝性狀，開展(zhan)大(da)(da)豆(dou)油(you)料種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)精(jing)準(zhun)鑒(jian)定(ding)，發(fa)(fa)掘創(chuang)(chuang)新一批優(you)(you)(you)異種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，建(jian)立(li)健全(quan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)共(gong)享(xiang)利(li)用機制(zhi)，為后續(xu)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)研發(fa)(fa)提供優(you)(you)(you)異種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)障。二(er)是(shi)加(jia)快(kuai)優(you)(you)(you)良(liang)(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選育(yu)。從國家(jia)和(he)地(di)方(fang)兩個層面組織優(you)(you)(you)勢科研單位和(he)企(qi)業開展(zhan)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)聯合(he)(he)攻關，加(jia)快(kuai)培育(yu)高(gao)產、優(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)、宜(yi)機化大(da)(da)豆(dou)油(you)料突破性品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，盡快(kuai)推(tui)出一批適(shi)合(he)(he)帶狀復合(he)(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植、南方(fang)“稻稻油(you)”等(deng)模式的優(you)(you)(you)良(liang)(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。三是(shi)嚴格(ge)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定(ding)登記保(bao)護(hu)。研究修訂(ding)大(da)(da)豆(dou)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定(ding)標準(zhun)和(he)油(you)菜(cai)花生(sheng)登記指南，細(xi)化品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重要特征類型，引導育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)向，嚴把育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)準(zhun)入關口，加(jia)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)豆(dou)油(you)料新品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權保(bao)護(hu)，激勵品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原始創(chuang)(chuang)新。四是(shi)加(jia)強(qiang)優(you)(you)(you)良(liang)(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)示(shi)范(fan)推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)。建(jian)立(li)健全(quan)大(da)(da)豆(dou)油(you)料品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)展(zhan)示(shi)示(shi)范(fan)網絡，在適(shi)宜(yi)生(sheng)態區開展(zhan)優(you)(you)(you)良(liang)(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技術集成和(he)示(shi)范(fan)，編制(zhi)發(fa)(fa)布國家(jia)農作(zuo)物(wu)優(you)(you)(you)良(liang)(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)目錄(lu)，加(jia)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)豆(dou)油(you)料良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)育(yu)基地(di)建(jian)設力度，啟動實施(shi)重大(da)(da)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)后補(bu)助政策試點，促(cu)進(jin)優(you)(you)(you)良(liang)(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)應(ying)用。謝謝。
2023-04-18 10:35:14
[中央廣播電視總臺央廣記者]:
我們知道，今年是實(shi)施種業(ye)振(zhen)興行動的第三年，請問(wen)目前進(jin)展情(qing)況如(ru)何？謝謝。
2023-04-18 10:45:08
[楊海生]:
謝謝你的提(ti)(ti)問(wen)，這個問(wen)題我來回答。推進種業(ye)振興(xing)，中(zhong)央(yang)高(gao)度重視，社會(hui)也高(gao)度關(guan)(guan)注。種業(ye)振興(xing)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)自2021年(nian)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)實施，目前已經兩年(nian)多，應(ying)該說各地(di)區、各有關(guan)(guan)部門認真(zhen)貫徹落實中(zhong)央(yang)決策(ce)部署(shu)，全(quan)面實施種業(ye)振興(xing)五大行(xing)動(dong)(dong)，推進種質資(zi)源保護利用，創(chuang)新(xin)攻關(guan)(guan)、企業(ye)扶優、基地(di)提(ti)(ti)升和市場凈化五大行(xing)動(dong)(dong)，一(yi)些(xie)基礎性(xing)、開(kai)(kai)創(chuang)性(xing)、長(chang)遠性(xing)的工作取得了突破。可(ke)以講，2021年(nian)種業(ye)振興(xing)實現了良好開(kai)(kai)局，2022年(nian)又(you)邁出了關(guan)(guan)鍵一(yi)步。
一是啟動了(le)全國農業(ye)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)普(pu)查(cha)，資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)戰(zhan)略安全保(bao)存(cun)能力(li)顯(xian)著(zhu)提升(sheng)。應該(gai)說這次資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)普(pu)查(cha)是新(xin)中國成立以來實施規模最大、覆(fu)蓋(gai)范圍最廣(guang)、參與人(ren)數最多的(de)(de)(de)(de)一次農業(ye)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)普(pu)查(cha)。目前，通過兩年多的(de)(de)(de)(de)努力(li)，已經新(xin)收集了(le)農業(ye)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)52萬份，這其中包括農作(zuo)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)、畜禽(qin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、水(shui)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)，搶(qiang)救(jiu)性保(bao)護了(le)一大批珍稀瀕危資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)，也(ye)新(xin)發現了(le)例如像(xiang)豫(yu)西(xi)黑(hei)豬等(deng)一批畜禽(qin)地方(fang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。國家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農作(zuo)物種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)庫和海洋漁業(ye)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)庫也(ye)已經建(jian)成運行(xing)，應該(gai)說這個庫可以滿足未(wei)來五十年發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要。國家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)畜禽(qin)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)庫也(ye)已經開(kai)工建(jian)設，種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)準(zhun)鑒定利(li)用(yong)等(deng)工作(zuo)也(ye)在穩步(bu)推進。種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護利(li)用(yong)水(shui)平大幅度提升(sheng)。
二(er)是統籌推進種業創新攻關(guan)，一些關(guan)鍵技術和(he)重大品種取得了(le)(le)新突破。去年啟動實施了(le)(le)部分(fen)種源(yuan)的關(guan)鍵核(he)心技術攻關(guan)和(he)生物育種重大項(xiang)目，實施了(le)(le)新一輪(lun)的國家育種聯合(he)攻關(guan)和(he)畜禽(qin)遺傳改良計劃。自(zi)主培育了(le)(le)三個國產白羽肉(rou)雞(ji)品種，經過一年多的努力，現在(zai)在(zai)國內的市場份額已經超過了(le)(le)15%。另(ling)外，國產化的基因編輯工具也正在(zai)加快研發應用。
2023-04-18 10:45:10
[楊海生]:
三是(shi)(shi)推出(chu)了(le)國(guo)家(jia)種(zhong)業企(qi)業陣型，種(zhong)業振興的(de)(de)骨干力量正在加快(kuai)構建(jian)。按照破難(nan)題(ti)、補短板、強(qiang)優(you)勢的(de)(de)發展定位，我們(men)從全國(guo)三萬(wan)多家(jia)種(zhong)子企(qi)業當(dang)中，遴(lin)選出(chu)270家(jia)優(you)勢企(qi)業，可以講是(shi)(shi)百里(li)挑一(yi)，集(ji)中力量培育我們(men)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)種(zhong)業企(qi)業陣型，來推動和(he)建(jian)立這(zhe)些優(you)勢企(qi)業與(yu)科研單位、金融機(ji)構、制(zhi)種(zhong)基地對(dui)接的(de)(de)機(ji)制(zhi)，推動種(zhong)業的(de)(de)創(chuang)新要素(su)向這(zhe)些優(you)勢企(qi)業聚集(ji)，培育打造航母(mu)型領軍企(qi)業、隱(yin)形冠(guan)軍企(qi)業和(he)專業化平臺企(qi)業。
四是布局建設國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)業基地，供種(zhong)(zhong)保障(zhang)能力(li)明顯提升(sheng)。按照穩糧擴(kuo)油的工作部署，加快完善(shan)了國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)業基地布局，健全了由216個農作物制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)大(da)縣(xian)、262個國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)畜禽核心(xin)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)場組成的國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)良種(zhong)(zhong)繁育(yu)體(ti)系，供種(zhong)(zhong)保障(zhang)能力(li)由三年(nian)前的70%提升(sheng)到75%。同時，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)和(he)省兩級(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)子儲備體(ti)系也(ye)進一步完善(shan)。
五是開展市場(chang)凈(jing)化專項行動，種業(ye)知(zhi)識產權保護力度進(jin)一步加大。新(xin)修改種子法(fa)已經正式開始實施(shi)，建立了實質性派生品種制度，植物新(xin)品種保護體(ti)系進(jin)一步健全，通過強(qiang)化行政與司法(fa)的有效(xiao)銜接，深(shen)入(ru)推進(jin)種業(ye)知(zhi)識產權保護專項整治(zhi)和種業(ye)監管執法(fa)年(nian)活動，推出了嚴厲(li)打擊假冒偽劣、套(tao)牌侵(qin)權的組合(he)拳，有力地震懾了不法(fa)分子，為種業(ye)振興營造了良好環(huan)境。
下一步，我(wo)們將(jiang)按照(zhao)種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)振興(xing)行動部署，緊盯(ding)三年打基(ji)礎的(de)目標(biao)任務和農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)的(de)用種(zhong)需求(qiu)，堅持問題(ti)導向(xiang)、系統觀念(nian)，深化調查研(yan)究，扎實推(tui)進種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)振興(xing)五大行動，加快破(po)解(jie)事關種(zhong)業(ye)(ye)長遠發展的(de)體制(zhi)機制(zhi)障(zhang)礙，有(you)效(xiao)保障(zhang)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)的(de)用種(zhong)需求(qiu)，為確保糧食和重要(yao)農(nong)產(chan)品穩定安(an)全供給提供有(you)力(li)的(de)種(zhong)源支撐。謝(xie)(xie)謝(xie)(xie)。
2023-04-18 10:45:19
[每日經濟新聞記者]:
我們注意(yi)到(dao)，目(mu)前全(quan)國“仿種子(zi)”清理已(yi)經取得階段性成效，請(qing)問下一步在這(zhe)方面還(huan)有哪些舉措(cuo)？謝(xie)謝(xie)！
2023-04-18 10:50:21
[劉信]:
謝謝你的提問，這是落實種業市場凈化行動、解決“仿種子”和品種同質化問題的重要舉措。針對這幾年業界非常關注的“仿種子”問題，2021年，我們從向日葵入手，按照依法依規、重點突破、寬嚴相濟、分步推進的思路，啟動了登記品種清理工作，先后發布了三批撤銷公告，依法撤銷了向日葵品種497個。2022年擴展到了黃瓜和甜瓜等登記品種的清理，又相繼撤銷了登記品種332個，受到了業內一致好評，一些企業表示，更有信心加大育種研發投入，培育出更多的好品種。
下一步，我們將持續推進向(xiang)日葵、甜瓜、黃瓜等問題品種(zhong)(zhong)清理，后(hou)續逐步擴大到(dao)其(qi)他登(deng)記(ji)作物(wu)進行(xing)全面清理。同時，完善品種(zhong)(zhong)登(deng)記(ji)制度，修訂非(fei)主(zhu)要農作物(wu)品種(zhong)(zhong)登(deng)記(ji)辦法，優化登(deng)記(ji)指南(nan)，規(gui)范登(deng)記(ji)流程，強化事中事后(hou)監(jian)管，堅決(jue)把“仿種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)”問題整治到(dao)位。
與此同時，在品種(zhong)(zhong)審定清理方(fang)(fang)面，我也(ye)通(tong)報一下。去(qu)年8月份以來，我們啟動了為期(qi)一年的主(zhu)要(yao)農(nong)作物(wu)品種(zhong)(zhong)綠(lv)色(se)(se)通(tong)道(dao)和聯(lian)(lian)合(he)體試驗的專項整治(zhi)，也(ye)就是(shi)大家說的兩個通(tong)道(dao)整治(zhi)，重點在試驗主(zhu)體資(zi)質、方(fang)(fang)案實施、質量(liang)把關(guan)、監督管理等方(fang)(fang)面，開(kai)展自查、省(sheng)級抽查和部級聯(lian)(lian)查，重點是(shi)解決試驗質量(liang)不(bu)高、品種(zhong)(zhong)同質化問(wen)題。目前已發現并查實了一些(xie)問(wen)題線索，比如試驗未按方(fang)(fang)案執行、操(cao)作不(bu)規范(fan)等。日前，國家農(nong)作物(wu)品種(zhong)(zhong)審定委員(yuan)會已先期(qi)采取了相應(ying)的處理措施，估計大家已經看(kan)到了昨天(tian)的新聞，對(dui)16個綠(lv)色(se)(se)通(tong)道(dao)、22個聯(lian)(lian)合(he)體責令限期(qi)整改。
下一步，我們將(jiang)繼續按照專項整治安排，加大工(gong)作(zuo)力度，加強督促指(zhi)導，健全部省協同、標準統一的品(pin)種試驗管理工(gong)作(zuo)機(ji)制，提高品(pin)種試驗的科(ke)學(xue)性(xing)和真實(shi)性(xing)，切實(shi)增強品(pin)種審定(ding)的可靠性(xing)和權威性(xing)，努(nu)力破解(jie)品(pin)種同質化(hua)難(nan)題，更好地(di)滿足農業(ye)高質量(liang)發展(zhan)需要(yao)。謝(xie)謝(xie)。
2023-04-18 10:50:31
[中央廣播電視總臺央視記者]:
當下正是我國春耕備耕的關鍵時期，當前種子市場的供應形勢怎么樣？有哪些特點？下一步農業農村部將采取哪些措施來保障種子供應？謝謝。
2023-04-18 10:56:28
[楊海生]:
謝(xie)謝(xie)你的(de)(de)(de)提問，這個問題我(wo)來回答。正如(ru)你所說，現(xian)在(zai)全國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)春耕生(sheng)產正在(zai)漸次展開，根(gen)據我(wo)們今年(nian)(nian)以來的(de)(de)(de)持續調度和(he)最新調度，今年(nian)(nian)全國(guo)農(nong)作物(wu)種(zhong)子市(shi)場總(zong)體(ti)上供(gong)(gong)大于求，品種(zhong)結構更加合(he)理，種(zhong)子質(zhi)量水平穩步(bu)提高，總(zong)體(ti)質(zhi)量合(he)格率穩定(ding)保持在(zai)98%以上。可(ke)以說，今年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業生(sheng)產用種(zhong)是完(wan)全有保障的(de)(de)(de)，是可(ke)以滿(man)足生(sheng)產需求的(de)(de)(de)。目(mu)前，春夏播作物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)子市(shi)場供(gong)(gong)應(ying)充足，基本(ben)上都已經鋪貨下擺入戶到位(wei)，其中有少數的(de)(de)(de)熱銷品種(zhong)可(ke)能存(cun)在(zai)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)偏緊(jin)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象，種(zhong)子價格也略有上漲。
從作物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類看，水(shui)稻(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)供應總量(liang)(liang)，包括雜交水(shui)稻(dao)和常規水(shui)稻(dao)，大(da)概在(zai)15.1億(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤，全國(guo)的(de)需(xu)求量(liang)(liang)大(da)概在(zai)8.5億(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤，供大(da)于求。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，高產優質(zhi)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)供應量(liang)(liang)有所增加。去年，國(guo)家級(ji)審(shen)定的(de)水(shui)稻(dao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)當中(zhong)，優質(zhi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)首次(ci)超(chao)過(guo)了60%，也(ye)就是(shi)占到(dao)了六成以(yi)(yi)上。玉(yu)米種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)供應量(liang)(liang)在(zai)16.5億(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤，預計(ji)生產需(xu)求量(liang)(liang)在(zai)11.5億(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤，這其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)一些(xie)高產耐密(mi)的(de)適宜(yi)籽粒機收的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占比也(ye)逐步提高。大(da)豆種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)供應總量(liang)(liang)在(zai)8億(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤以(yi)(yi)上，生產需(xu)求量(liang)(liang)大(da)約在(zai)5.2億(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤，應該說也(ye)是(shi)供大(da)于求的(de)。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，適宜(yi)帶(dai)狀(zhuang)復(fu)合種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植的(de)大(da)豆品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有了更多(duo)的(de)選擇，也(ye)能夠滿(man)足今年擴種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)豆的(de)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)需(xu)要。此(ci)外，像(xiang)棉花、馬鈴薯、春小麥和春油菜等(deng)其(qi)(qi)他作物(wu)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)供應量(liang)(liang)也(ye)是(shi)能夠滿(man)足大(da)田(tian)生產的(de)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)需(xu)求。
從(cong)現在的(de)市場價(jia)格水平看，今(jin)年(nian)(nian)的(de)玉(yu)米種(zhong)子(zi)、水稻種(zhong)子(zi)和大豆種(zhong)子(zi)的(de)價(jia)格水平比上年(nian)(nian)同期(qi)略有上漲，漲幅(fu)在4%到14%之(zhi)間，主要(yao)是因為去年(nian)(nian)的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)生(sheng)產(chan)成本也(ye)有所增加。馬鈴(ling)薯、棉花(hua)、花(hua)生(sheng)、向日葵(kui)、蔬菜等種(zhong)子(zi)價(jia)格水平基本與(yu)去年(nian)(nian)持平。此外，今(jin)年(nian)(nian)國家儲備的(de)5000萬(wan)公斤(jin)救(jiu)災備荒種(zhong)子(zi)也(ye)已(yi)經(jing)全部(bu)落實到位，29個省(sheng)(sheng)份也(ye)相應建立了省(sheng)(sheng)級種(zhong)子(zi)儲備制度，可以滿足農業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)救(jiu)災用(yong)種(zhong)的(de)需要(yao)。
下一步(bu)，我們將繼(ji)續加強農業生(sheng)產供種(zhong)調度，強化市場運行監測，特(te)別是要壓實(shi)種(zhong)子(zi)保(bao)供的屬地責任，督(du)促指導地方(fang)提前研(yan)判，做(zuo)足準備，搞好品(pin)種(zhong)的余缺調劑，確保(bao)供種(zhong)市場平穩(wen)運行。同時，也(ye)會密切(qie)關注農業自然(ran)災害(hai)發生(sheng)的情況，以(yi)及生(sheng)產上(shang)的用種(zhong)需求變化，必要時及時動用國家(jia)和省(sheng)級種(zhong)子(zi)儲備，全(quan)力保(bao)障今年的農業生(sheng)產用種(zhong)安全(quan)和需要。謝謝。
2023-04-18 10:56:40
[劉均勇]:
感謝(xie)媒體(ti)朋友們的(de)大力支持，也感謝(xie)楊海(hai)生先(xian)生、劉信(xin)先(xian)生的(de)出席(xi)，今天的(de)發布(bu)會到此結束，謝(xie)謝(xie)大家！
2023-04-18 10:56:55
