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溫(wen)室作(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)產(chan)是農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)發展的一個新階段。相對(dui)于大(da)田作(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)產(chan)，其生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)受外(wai)界氣(qi)候變化的影響較小，能夠(gou)滿足(zu)人們在不同(tong)季節對(dui)各種(zhong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品的需求。溫(wen)室作(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)產(chan)以其突出的優越性正受到各國(guo)政府的重(zhong)視和大(da)力支持，栽培面積逐(zhu)年上升，已成為現代(dai)農(nong)業生產的重(zhong)要組成部分。目前中國已是溫室(shi)作物(wu)栽培面(mian)積(ji)最(zui)大的國家之一(yi)，其面(mian)積(ji)已超(chao)過了 200 萬(wan) hm2。
溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產與(yu)大田作物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大區別是溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小氣(qi)候環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)可以(yi)(yi)根據作物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行實(shi)時控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。通過(guo)加(jia)熱(re)(re)、通風、二(er)氧化碳注(zhu)入(ru)、噴(pen)霧和(he)補光等控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)手段把溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)調節(jie)到(dao)適宜(yi)作物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)(tai)，從(cong)而(er)(er)(er)提高作物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質和(he)產量(liang)(liang)。然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)，目前大多數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字化管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)還(huan)是以(yi)(yi)人工(gong)經(jing)驗管(guan)理為(wei)主(zhu)，對(dui)(dui)經(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依(yi)賴使得溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作物(wu)產量(liang)(liang)和(he)經(jing)濟效益偏低。解決這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)技術之(zhi)一(yi)是高效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。從(cong)實(shi)際溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)最優(you)(you)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)考慮，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)設(she)計需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)模(mo)(mo)型與(yu)面(mian)向研(yan)究(jiu)和(he)管(guan)理等需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)型并(bing)不(bu)完全(quan)相同(tong)。因(yin)此需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)立足(zu)現有研(yan)究(jiu)成果(guo)，并(bing)根據溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)最優(you)(you)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)(ti)結構(gou)(gou)及所需(xu)(xu)模(mo)(mo)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，通過(guo)研(yan)究(jiu)現有模(mo)(mo)型現狀和(he)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，并(bing)對(dui)(dui)其進(jin)行完善(shan)或重構(gou)(gou)，從(cong)而(er)(er)(er)建立一(yi)種面(mian)向控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)模(mo)(mo)型。是較早研(yan)究(jiu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)最優(you)(you)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學者(zhe)。為(wei)研(yan)究(jiu)以(yi)(yi)經(jing)濟效益為(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，他建立了一(yi)個(ge)(ge)包(bao)含(han)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)、濕度(du)和(he)CO2濃度(du)為(wei)狀態(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字化管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)模(mo)(mo)型以(yi)(yi)及一(yi)個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)菜干(gan)物(wu)質產量(liang)(liang)模(mo)(mo)型。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)模(mo)(mo)型中(zhong)反映了光合(he)作用、呼(hu)吸作用和(he)蒸(zheng)騰作用等作物(wu)對(dui)(dui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反饋，同(tong)時描(miao)述了作物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)所以(yi)(yi)依(yi)賴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)狀態(tai)(tai)，同(tong)時含(han)有通風、加(jia)熱(re)(re)和(he)CO2注(zhu)入(ru)等控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。相對(dui)(dui)來說，這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)農業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字化管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)模(mo)(mo)型比較簡單，模(mo)(mo)型沒有包(bao)含(han)執行機構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)態(tai)(tai)性(xing)能，以(yi)(yi)加(jia)熱(re)(re)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)例，模(mo)(mo)型中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)熱(re)(re)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)是輸入(ru)到(dao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)，然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)，實(shi)際上這(zhe)(zhe)些熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入(ru)并(bing)不(bu)能立刻使得空氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)變化，這(zhe)(zhe)是因(yin)為(wei)熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)有一(yi)個(ge)(ge)擴散和(he)交換的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化總是要(yao)(yao)滯后于控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化，而(er)(er)(er)這(zhe)(zhe)就是執行機構(gou)(gou)動(dong)作引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)變化動(dong)態(tai)(tai)。
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農業的數字化管理系統與溫室作物生產